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2023年12月18日发(作者：laravel扩展包)
编译安装LNMP(Linux+Nginx+Mysql+PHP+Memcache)服务器
最近学习了一段时间的LNMP和Nginx的负载均衡方面的内容，并且试着自己编译了几个生产环境，使用效果还不错，今天首先把这次安装配置的流水账先写下来，等消化一下具体内容，在好好写一份详细的LNMP编译安装配置的文章：
一、系统安装升级
1.最小化安装CentOS（最小化安装CentOS可以参考/archives/）
2.更新源更改为搜狐的源：
update
4.服务器基本配置
yum install setuptool ntsysv ntp vixie-cron crontabs microcode_ctl wget
irqbalance vim-enhanced
5.执行setup命令
5.1 关闭iptables和selinux
5.2 仅仅开启crond irqbalance microcode_ctl network sshd syslog
二、LNMP环境搭建
1.配置编译需要的环境
yum -y install autoconf bzip2 bzip2-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs
e2fsprogs-devel freetype freetype-devel gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 gd gd-devel
glib2 glib2-devel glibc glibc-devel krb5 krb5-devel libevent
libevent-devel libidn libidn-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng10
libpng10-devel libpng-devel libtool libtool-libs libxml2 libxml2-devel
make ncurses ncurses-devel nss_ldap openldap openldap-clients
openldap-devel openldap-servers openssl openssl-devel patch
pspell-devel zlib zlib-devel
2.下载所需要安装的软件
wget
/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/php/
wget
/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/
wget
/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/
wget
/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/
wget
/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/
wget
/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/
wget
/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/
wget
/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/
wget /soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/
wget
/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/2
3.安装PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI模式）
3.1编译安装PHP 5.2.13所需的支持库
tar zxvf
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure –enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/ /usr/lib/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/ /usr/lib/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/.4 /usr/lib/.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/.4.4.8 /usr/lib/.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/ /usr/lib/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/ /usr/lib/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/.2 /usr/lib/.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/.2.0.1 /usr/lib/.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
3.2编译安装MySQL 5.1.38
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf
cd mysql-5.1.38/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ –enable-assembler
–with-extra-charsets=complex –enable-thread-safe-client
–with-big-tables –with-readline –with-ssl –with-embedded-server
–enable-local-infile –with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
3.2.1创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
3.2.2以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db
–basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql –datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data
–user=mysql
3.2.3创建配置文件
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/
[mysql]
#prompt=”(u::)[d]> ”
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
#default-character-set = utf8
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
skip-name-resolve
master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
3.2.4创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username=”admin”
mysql_password=”asdasdasd”
function_start_mysql()
{
printf “Starting MySQL„n”
/bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
–defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/ 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
printf “Stoping MySQL„n”
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username}
-p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/ shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf “Restarting MySQL„n”
function_stop_mysql
sleep 5
function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ‘bin/mysqld_safe’ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk
‘{printf $2}’)
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep ‘libexec/mysqld’ | grep ${mysql_port} | awk
‘{printf $2}’)
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
printf “Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql
{start|stop|restart|kill}n”
fi
3.2.5 赋予shell脚本可执行权限
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
3.2.6 启动MySQL
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
3.2.7 通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/
3.2.8 输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（asdasdasd）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin’@'localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY
‘asdasdasd’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘admin’@’127.0.0.1′ IDENTIFIED BY
‘asdasdasd’;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root’@’192.168.%.%’ IDENTIFIED BY
‘asdasdasd’;
3.2.9 停止MySQL
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
3.3 编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf
gzip -cd | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
cd php-5.2.13/
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php
–with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc
–with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
–with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config
–with-iconv-dir=/usr/local –with-freetype-dir –with-jpeg-dir
–with-png-dir –with-zlib –with-libxml-dir=/usr –enable-xml
–disable-rpath –enable-discard-path –enable-safe-mode
–enable-bcmath –enable-shmop –enable-sysvsem
–enable-inline-optimization –with-curl –with-curlwrappers
–enable-mbregex –enable-fastcgi –enable-fpm
–enable-force-cgi-redirect –enable-mbstring –with-mcrypt –with-gd
–enable-gd-native-ttf –with-openssl –with-mhash –enable-pcntl
–enable-sockets –with-ldap –with-ldap-sasl –with-xmlrpc
–enable-zip –enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS=’-liconv’
make install
cp -dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/
cd ../
3.4 编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf 2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure –enable-eaccelerator=shared
–with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
3.5 修改文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/中的extension_dir =
“./”
修改为extension_dir =
“/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = “”
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On
3.6 配置eAccelerator加速PHP
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension=”/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/”
_size=”64″
_dir=”/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache”
=”1″
zer=”1″
_mtime=”1″
=”0″
=”"
_max=”0″
_ttl=”3600″
_prune_period=”3600″
_only=”0″
ss=”1″
ss_level=”9″
3.7 创建www用户和组
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
3.8创建php-fpm配置文件
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建文件
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/
All relative paths in this config are relative to php’s install prefix
Pid file
name=”pid_file”>/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/
Error log file
name=”error_log”>/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/
Log level
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS „
„ in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be
initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator’s shared
memory.
Time limit on waiting child’s reaction on signals from master
Set to ‘no’ to debug fpm
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is ‘:port’ or just ‘port’ or
‘/path/to/unix/socket’
Set listen(2) backlog
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow
connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of
permissions.
Additional defines, specific to this pool of workers.
Unix user of processes
Unix group of processes
Process manager settings
Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are ‘static’ and ‘apache-like’
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be
served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original
Used with any pm_style.
Settings group for ‘apache-like’ pm style
Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when ‘apache-like’ pm_style is selected
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the
worker process will be terminated
Should be used when ‘max_execution_time’ ini option does not stop
script execution for some reason
’0s’ means ‘off’
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a
php backtrace will be dumped to file
’0s’ means ‘off’
The log file for slow requests
Set open file desc rlimit
Set max core size rlimit
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
Redirect workers’ stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI
specs
How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed
to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original
(5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
3.9启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
4.安装安装Nginx 0.8.36
4.1 安装Nginx所需的pcre库
tar zxvf
cd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
4.2 安装Nginx
tar zxvf
cd nginx-0.8.36/
./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx
–with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
4.3 创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data0/logs
chmod +w /data0/logs
chown -R www:www /data0/logs
4.4 创建Nginx配置文件
4.4.1 在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建文件
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/
4.4.2 在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建文件
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
4.5 启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
5. 配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
6. 优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/
# Add
_max_syn_backlog = 65536
_max_backlog = 32768
onn = 32768
_default = 8388608
_default = 8388608
_max = 16777216
_max = 16777216
_timestamps = 0
_synack_retries = 2
_syn_retries = 2
_tw_recycle = 1
#_tw_len = 1
_tw_reuse = 1
_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
_max_orphans = 3276800
#_fin_timeout = 30
#_keepalive_time = 120
_local_port_range = 1024 65535
使配置立即生效
/sbin/sysctl -p
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