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2023年12月25日发(作者:jsp是网页开发语言吗)

名词性从句讲解归纳及例题

在主从复合句中,从句可以充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语。由于在多数情况下,主语、表语、宾语或同位语这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以,我们把这些作用相当于名词的从句统称为名词性从句,把充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语的从句分别称为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句。也就是说充当什么成分就叫什么从句。名词性从句由连接词(或关联词)引导。常用的连接词有:

连接词分类

从属连词 that

意思

/

作用

只起连接词作用,不做任何成分

从属连词 Whether,if 是否 只起连接词作用,不做任何成分

从属连词 As if ,as though 好像,仿只起连接词作用,佛

连接代词

连接代词

连接代词

连接代词

连接代词

连接代词

What(ever)

Which(ever)

Whose

Who(ever)

Whom(ever)

Howmany,howmuch

什么

哪一个

谁的

多少

不做任何成分

主语、宾语和定语

主语、宾语和定语

定语

主语、宾语

宾语

主语、宾语和定语

连接副词

连接副词

连接副词

When(ever)

Where(ever)

How(ever)

什么时候 状语

哪儿 状语

如何,怎状语

连接副词 why 为什么 状语

注意:1.它们的特点是:1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分,如主语、宾语或状语;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序。

Do you know whom they are looking for?

I don’t know who did it.

She asked me where I had been.

Can you tell me when the train will arrive?

I don’t know why he hasn’t come yet.

He didn’t tell me what you were doing.

What you have done might do harm t other people.

I don’t know where he is now.

Where he went for his weekend is not known.

What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend.

2.做名词性从句的题的三大步:一分,二划,三看,即一分句子结构,二划从句类型,三看句意完整否。

下面我们再分别讲述主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。

一、主语从句

1.that 引导主语从句时,that 没有意义,但不能省略。(that

引导宾语从句时可以省略。)

That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知,她是个富有的女人。这是that 引导主语从句,that 不能省略。这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。请同学们改写:It is

known to us all that she is a rich woman.)

We didn’t know (that) you had sold your house.

2.从句作主语时,多数情况下由 it 作形式主语,而把主语从句放在后面,尤其是谓语部分(包括宾语)较短的情况下。常用it作形式主语的句行有:

it+be+adj(obvious,true,natural,good,possible,likely,certain,probable)

②it +be+noun-phrases(no wonder,an honour,a pity,no

surprise)

③it+be+p.p(said,reported,thought,believed,)

④it+be +vi(seem,happen,come about,occur,matter,count,makeno difference,remain,,strike)

Eg:It is important that he should come on time.

It is a pity that Prof. Wang can’t attend our English Evening.

It remains to be seen whether the ex-president will be sentenced

to death.

3.whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句,但if不能引导主语从句。whether/if (是否)引导的宾语从句:如果要突出“究竟是…还是不…”,常在whether 后面加or not; if

一般不与or not连用。作介词宾语时不用if如:

He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。

Let me know whether you can come or not. 你能来还是不能来,告诉我一声。

Whether I knew John doesn’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether

I knew John. 我是否认识约翰没有关系。

Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll come or

not isn’t clear. = It isn’t clear whether …. 她是否来还不清楚。

It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation..

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

She asked me whether/if you were married.

二、 宾语从句

在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad, certain,

pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句。

1.that 引导的宾语从句: that 没有意义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略

I really feel she’s making a mistake. 我的确感到她正犯错误。

I suggested that we should go home. 我建议我们回家去。(虚

拟语气,that 一般不能省略。)

2.在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词的宾语从句中,否定不用在从句中,而是将think 等词变为否定形式。同时注意反义疑问句的变法。

I don’t think the film is interesting.我觉得这部电影没什么意思。

例题1.I don’t suppose any one will volunteer,______?

A. do I ’t I C. will they ’t they

例题 black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a

digital camera,______?

he ’t he ’t she

she

3.如果从句作宾语而后面还有补语,为了保持句子的平衡,用it 作形式宾语,而将宾语从句放在句尾。常跟这样的复合宾语的动词有:make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider,

regard, take….for granted等。如:

George made it clear that he opposed this project. 乔治已明确表示他反对这个项目。it 代表that 引导的句子,作宾语,clear

是宾语补足语。

They kept it quiet that he was dead. 对他已经死亡的消息,他们秘而不宣。

I took it for granted that you’d stay with us. 我想当然认为你会和我们呆在一起。

三、同位语从句

同位语从句是对名词的内容给予具体、详细的说明。常在后

面接同位语从句的名词有fact, news, idea, truth, hope,

suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位语从句常用的引导词为that,有是也用when, where 等疑问词。

如: The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is

quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。

People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the

universe. 人们曾认为地球是宇宙的中心。

They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们一点儿也不知道他去哪儿了。

注意:同位语从句的that 只是引导词,没有其他语法作用,在句子中不作句子成分,不能省略;而定语从句中的that 除了引导定语从句外,还是定语从句的一个成分,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略。

如:

No one is happy with the fact that he found out. 没有人对他发现的事实感到高兴。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(定语从句)

No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss.没有人对他将成为他们的老板这一事实感到高兴。(请辨别是同位语从句还是定语从句。)(同位语从句)

四、表语从句

表语从句位于主句的连系动词之后。如:

That’s why I have come.那就是我为什么来了。

What surprised me was that he spoke English so well.使我感到吃惊的是他英语讲得那么好。

What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will

join us. 我想知道的是我们要去什么地方以及她是否加入我们。

此外,表语从句还可由as if (好像)引导。如:

It looked as if it was/were going to rain. (虚拟语气)

同时注意:the 这个句型。

Eg:The reason why he was late is that he got up late.

五、难点归纳:

难点一:考查名词性从句的引导词 that 与 what 的区别

考例( 1 ): _______we can't get seems better than _______we

have.(NMET1996)

A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That;

what

考点二:考查名词性从句中的 it 作形式主语或形式宾语

考例 (1):_______is a fact that English is being accepted as an

international language.(NMET1995)A. There B. This C. That

D. It

考例( 2 ) :I hate _______when people talk with their mouths

full. (NMET1998)

A. it B. that C. this D. them

难点三:从句中的“疑问词 +ever” 引导的从句与“ no matter+

疑问词”引导的从句的区别

考例( 1 ) :________leaves the room last ought to turn off the

lights.(NET1988)

A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

考例( 2 ) :Sarah hopes to become a friend of ___shares her

interests. (上海 1995 )

A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

难点四:考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气

考例: It is necessary that a college student _______at least

a foreign language ( 上海 1993)

A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master

分析: It 作形式主语, that 引导的主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

具体有以下几个方面:

1 .在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should)+do”。 常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.)

that…It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that… It is

suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that… 例如:

It is strange that she (should)think so. 真奇怪,她竟然这么想。

It is necessary that he (should)be sent there at once. 应该马上派他去那里。

It is suggested that Mr. Wang give a performance at the

party. 有人建议王先生在晚会上演个节目。

2 .谓语动词是表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词时(一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command)

,三建议(suggest,propose,advise)四要求(demand,

request,require,ask)再加一个渴望desire其后边的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should)+do” .例如:

I insist that she (should)do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己完成工作。

The commander ordered that troops (should)set off at

once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

3 .主语是 suggestion, proposal, request, idea 等表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意义的名词时,表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should)+do ”。例如:

My idea is that another meeting (should)be held to discuss

the problem. 我建议再开一次会来讨论这个问题。

They received orders that the work(should) be finished by

the end of this month. 他们接到了本月底完成这项工作的命令

难点五:几种句型的互换

1.______is known to us all is that China has the largest

population in the world.(主语从句)

2.________is known to us all,China has the largest

population in the world.(定语从句)

3.________is known to us all that China has the largest

population in the world. (主语从句)


本文标签: 宾语 主语 名词 引导 动词