新概念第二册lesson33-34课文详解

Lesson 33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗

Why was the girl in hospital

Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her.

One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.

Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she

swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she

covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She

knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving

at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That

was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.

参考译文

几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。天将黑时，小船撞在了一块礁石上，姑娘跳进了海里。她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。在那段时间里，她游了8英里。第二天凌晨，她看到前方有灯光，知道自己已经接近岸边了，因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上。到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。她所记得的就是这些。第二天她醒来时，发现自己躺在医院里。

darkness n 黑暗 explain v 解释，叙述 coast n 海岸 storm n 暴风雨

towards prep 向，朝，接近 rock n 岩石，礁石 shore n 海岸

light n 灯光 ahead adv 在前面 cliff n 悬崖，峭壁 struggle v 挣扎 hospital v 医院

in the darkness 在黑暗中

explanation n 解释

Could you give me an explanation能给我一个解释吗

interpret n 解释，（强调翻译）语言之间的解释 interpretor 翻译

bank 河岸，（两边比水面高）

coast 地理意义上的海岸，地平线等，感觉旁边是岩石，很陡峭

seashore 海岸，（跟游玩有关系）

seaside

旁边是沙滩，可以进行日光浴的感觉

snowstorm 暴风雪 thunderstorm 雷雨 rain heavily 表示雨吓得很大

pour倾倒 the rain is pouring。倾盆大雨 It's raining cats and dogs。滂沱大雨

towards 强调nearer and nearer

rock 表示huge stone

asleep，awake，alive，ahead a开头的往往是表语形容词，不管是作表语形容词

还是副词，都放在名词的后面，一般形容词放在名词的前面

pretty flowers light ahead

1、放在被修饰词的后面作定语

2、ahead of在什么前面

he went ahead of me

3、go ahead朝前走，请随便

Would you mind my using your phone

--Can I use your phone

--Ok,go ahead

can i smoking here

－－go ahead

－－sorry＋一个原因，不让别人做

school

1、前面不加the，和它的功能有关系

go to hospital

2、一旦＋the，只表示地点

i am in the hospital

in hospital 住院 in the hospital在医院

2、去医院看老师

go to the hospital 自己肚子疼go to hospital

happen:不及物 sth。 happen to sb

What happened to

nearly 将近 nearly a week 快一个星期了

Three days later，my mother returned强调某人做某事

...passed

Three days passed and then my mother returned.

并列句，强调某人做某事，又强调时间

Three days passed before my mother returned强调时间

be able to强调有能力，且能够成功

can 只表示能力

i can swim across the river我能游过这条河，（但没有游过，不知道能不能成功）

i was able to swim across the river

set out：set off

be caught in＋灾难

i was caught in a rain我遇上了一场雨

As soon as he left，it began to rain

he was caught in a rain when he left他刚一离开，就下雨了

遇上人用meet，遇上灾难用be caught in

struck强调的往往是猛烈的撞击

to：强调朝那个方向去，但没有强调越来越近

towards：表面也翻为朝那个方向去，

spend sometime ＋地点

the red army （covered a distance ）两万五千里长征

on doing＝as soon as＝the moment

as soon as＝the moment后面要加句子

on 后面一定要加动词ing，承认动词是由主句主语做的

up ：往上

that's all she remembered。

That's all i wanted to say那就是我想说的全部

That's all i can do for you＝i can do nothing else for you

find ＋ 宾语 ＋宾补 find the books tidy 发现书摆放得整齐，found the room clean

i found the books in order

when i woke up，i found myself in bed

time passed before

...a

time passed and then

key structures

和时间相连的介词：in，at，on，,until,after,before

和地点相连的介词：。。。

into：进、入 tell him go into my house

只强调到哪里，不一定强调到里面去，go to

out of ：从...出来 away from

leave for ：动身到某地，yesterday my father left for Tianjin

head for/to：前往

leave for 强调leave，head for 强调去

set out for动身到某地

towards强调越来越近

at：含有一种瞄准的概念，aim at，fire at

pass past词性的区别

词与词的区别

1、意思上的区别 2、词性上的区别3、细节上的区别

pass只有动词的概念，其他由past承担

i pass the garden

i go past the garden

i go and pass the garden

next other

next day 第二天 the other day：few days ago

the other day 出现一定是过去时

next day有可能是过去式，有可能是将来式

how

what's the distance

multiple choice

not any more/longer/further不再

remind 提醒 recollect回忆

memorise记住 mind介意

4、只有谓语动词才有时态

句子中如果没有连词，但有两个动词，要把其中一个动词变成非谓语动词

when 是连词的标志

when ＋doing：1、主语要跟主句的相同，2、谓语动词含有be doing 结构

when standing there found the book very interesting

Lesson 34

Lesson 34:uick work 破案“神速”

How long had the police taken to find his bicycle

Dan Robinson has been worried all week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from

the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Dan wondered

why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he

is not worried anymore. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his

bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked

up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by

train. Dan was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because

he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Dan

was a boy of fifteen!

参考译文

丹.鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期。上星期二他收到当地警察局的一封信，要他到警察局去一趟。丹奇怪警察为什么找他，但昨天还是去了，结果他一再担心了。在警察局里，一位面带笑容的警察告诉他，他的自行车找到了。那位警察对他说，那辆自行车是5天前在400英里外的一个小村里发现的，现在正用火车给他运回家来。丹听到这个消息后，惊奇万分，但又感到非常好笑，因为他从未指望那辆自行车还能找到。这是20年前丹还是一个15岁的孩子时被人偷走的！

station n (警察）局 most adv 相当，非常

post office

police office

bureau局

i went to the police 我去警察局

have a quick meal

quick freeze速冻

local new ：当地新闻

local police 当地警察局

local color 当地色彩

local people 当地人

native 土著人（土生土长的）

local call 市话

call at(some place)

call on

ask/tell/expect/want/allow sb to do sth 请求某人做某事

he was

someone told

five miles away这一类结构可以直接做定语，放在被修饰词后面

letter writing pics.：pictures secs.:seconds

call on拜访

call （sb） up给某人打电话

一旦一个词可以省略而意思不改，这个词可能是副词，

如果宾语是代词，后面的词组由动词和副词组成，代词一定会放在中间

call on you/call you up

go to the pictures 去看电影

call off 取消 call out 大声喊 call at 去了某地

lesson 33

1．Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to

her. 几乎过了一个星期，那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇。

（1）这句话有两个从句。before一直到结尾是句子的时间状语从句。在这个从句中，explain又有自己的宾语从句，what为这个从句的主语。

（2）before在引导时间状语从句时，有时不一定译为"在……之前"，虽然表达的是这个意思，如文中的这句话。类似的情况有：

It will be months before he can come back.要过好几个月他才能回来。

He ran off before his mother could stop him.他母亲还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。

2．One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in

a storm. 一天下午，她乘小船从海岸出发，遇上了风暴。

（1）我们已经学过 set out表示"出发"：

Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock.艾利森船长将于8点钟启航。

set out from表示"从……出发"。

（2） be caught in表示某人"（突然）遇到/上（风暴等）"：

He was caught in a heavy rain on the way home.他在回家途中遇到了大雨。

3．Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. 她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边。

介词after的宾语是动名词spending及这个动名词的宾语、状语，这个结构在意义上等于 after she had spent the whole nightin the water。

4．During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. 在那段时间里，她游了8英里。

（1）that time指上句话中提到的the whole night。

（2）cover可以笼统地表示"行过（一段路程）"，根据上下文可具体译为"走过"、"飞过"、"游过"等：

The bird covered the distance in three minutes.这只鸟用3分钟飞完了全程。

（3）

表示具体的距离可以用"a distance of+ 具体长度"这个结构。

5．high up on the cliffs，在高高的峭壁上。

up为形容词，

表示"在上面的"、"高高的"、"在较高处的"，high为副词，修饰up。

6．On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towardsthe light

she had seen.到达岸边后，姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去。

（1）"on+ 动名词"相当于 as soon as或 when 引导的时间状语从句：

On reaching the airport, he was arrested by the police.他一到机场就被警察逮捕了。

（2） she had seen为 the light的定语从句，关系代词 that/which省略了。

（3）up 在此处为介词，表示"沿着……往上"。

7．That was all she remembered. 她所记得的就是这些。

that指前面（从第2句话开始）描述的内容。she remembered为all 的定语从句，关系代词that（不能用which）被省略了。

语法 Grammar in use

用于表示方向和目的地的介词和副词（也被称为小品词）

（1）表示"上"、"下"

的两对小品词是on和off，up和 down：Jim's standing on the roof. I hope he won't

fall off.吉姆正站在房顶上。我希望他不会掉下来。

Tom's climbing up the tree. I hope he won't fall down.汤姆正在爬树。我希望他不要摔下来。

（2）表示"来"、"去"

的一对小品词是from和to；towards的意义与to相近，表示"朝"、"向"、"接近"等；

for在有些动词后面也表示"往"、"向"的意思：

He came from Moscow. He's going to New York.

他从莫斯科来。他将要去纽约。

The plane flies from Moscow to New York.这架飞机从莫斯科飞往纽约。

He went towards the shop quickly.他快速地向商店走去。

He went for home.他回家了。

He left/ set out for New York yesterday.他昨天动身去纽约了。

（3）表示"进去"、"出来"

这两种方向的介词为into和out of；表示"在某个地方"或"在……里面/外面"可用 at，in，out of等；表示目的地或位置往往用at：

When did you come into the restaurant你什么时候进的餐馆

You weren't in the restaurant when I come in.我进来的时候你不在餐馆。

We ran out of the house.我们从屋里跑了出来。

We arrived in the country on Sunday.星期天我们到达乡下。（范围大时用in）

We arrived at the station in the evening.晚上我们到达车站。（范围小时用at）

（4）表示"穿过"、"越过"、"绕过"

等动作时，往往用 through，across，under，over，round等介词：

词汇学习 Word study

1．pass与past

（1）动词 pass的过去式为 passed，过去分词为 passed或past。当它作及物动词用时，可以表示"经过"、"通过（考试）"或"超过"等，作不及物动词用时可以表示"（时间等）消逝"：

You passed me without even noticing me!你从我身边经过时居然没注意到我！

Your sister passed me in her new car, driving at great speed.你姐姐/妹妹开着她的新车从我身旁驶过，开得非常快。

I've passed/ past my French test.我法语考试通过了。

A month has passed/ past since I left home.我离开家已一个月了。

（2）past可以作形容词、介词、名词等。作形容词时表示"以前的"、"过去的"等：

Many things happened in the post week.过去的这一周内发生了许多事。

Frank is proud of his past experiences.弗兰克为自己以往的经历感到自豪。

作介词时它表示"经过"或"超出（范围等）"：

He has just walked past me.他刚从我身边走过去。

His words are past my understanding.我不懂他的话。

作名词时它表示"过去"、"昔时"或"往事"等：

Can you tell me something about your past您能给我讲讲您过去的一些事吗

In the past, we used to gather under the Town Hall clock to welcome the New Year.我们过去常聚集在市政厅的大钟下面迎新年。

2．next与other

next表示时间顺序上"紧接的"、"下一个"。如果以现在为基准，则next前一般不加the；

如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准，则 next前面要加the或其他修饰词：

See you next Friday.下个星期五再见。

Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn't come to the party.第2天玛丽打来电话告诉我们她不能来参加晚会了。

the other day指时间时可以有a few days ago的意思：

Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London.前几天玛丽来电话告诉我们她已到达伦敦。

Lesson 34《》

1．Dan Robinson has been worried all week. 丹·鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期。

worried 在这里可以当成是形容词，

表示"焦虑的"、"担心的"。worry 也可以作及物动词，表示"使担心/发愁"等：

She appears to be worried by/ about something.好像有什么事使她发愁。（用于被动语态时，过去分词与形容词意义差不多）

2．the local police，当地警察局。

local 可以表示"地方性的"或"当地的"、"本地的"：a local newspaper 地方性报纸

local news 本地新闻

local shops邻近的商店

3．Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police…丹奇怪警察为什么找他……

（1） wonder表示"想知道"时后面往往跟疑问词引导的从句：She wondered who that

man was/ what had happened. 她想知道那个人是谁/到底发生了什么事。

（2） want用于被动语态时可以表示"想与（某人见面、谈话等）"或"缉拿"、"追捕"：

Please wait a minute. I'm wanted on the phone.请等一下。有我的电话。

This is the man (who is) wanted by the police.这就是警察在追捕的那个人。

4．a smiling policeman ，一位面带笑容的警察。

smiling 为现在分词，作定语，

其作用相当于形容词。还可以说：

a sleeping dog 一只睡着的狗

a worried face 一张焦虑的脸

5．Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small

village four hundred miles away. 那位警察对他说，那辆自行车是5天前在400英里外的一个小村里发现的。

（1）这句话实际上是一个间接引语（cf．第15课语法），其正常语序应为： The policeman

told him that five days ago the bicycle was picked up…

语序变化后，the policeman told him成了插入成分，引导从句的that也被省略，引

述的部分被分割成两部分。

（2） four hundred miles away修饰 village，相当于从句 which wasfour hundred

miles away。

（3） pick up的含义之一为"（偶然地、无意地）获得"、"找到"、"学会"：

I've picked up a bad cold.我得了重感冒。

I picked up some French while travelling in Paris.在巴黎游览期间我学了几句法语。

He picked up the book in a small library.他在一个小图书馆发现了那本书。

6．It is now being sent to his home by train．现在正用火车给他运回家来。

这句话是被动语态用于现在进行时，

其结构为"am/is/are+ be-ing+过去分词"（cf．第10课语法）：

The clavichord is being repaired by a friend of my father's.父亲的一个朋友正在修理这架古钢琴。

语法 Grammar in use

被动语态（3）

在第10课的语法中，我们学习了被动语态的基本形式。一般说来，无论是主动语态还是被动语态，句子的主语往往是说话者认为比较重要或想要强调的。如果说话人想避免用不明确的词（如 someone， a person等）作主语，就常常使用被动语态。在"动词+宾语+不定式"结构中，既可以让动词用被动语态而不定式用主动语态，也可以让不定式用被动语态：

Someone told Mary to meet us.有人通知玛丽来接我们。（主语不明确）

词汇学习 Word study

1．与call有关的短语动词

动词call与不同的小品词连用可以构成意义不同的短语动词。

（1）call at表示"对（某个人家或地方）进行短暂访问"：

He calls at every house in the street once a month.他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次。

He was asked to call at the police station.他被告知去警察局一趟。

（2）call on 表示"拜访"、"探望"：

Have you called on George recently你最近去看过乔治吗

（3）call out表示"大声叫喊"：

Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat.岸上的一些人对着小船上的那人高喊。

（4）call up在美国英语中表示"打电话（给某人）"：

Jane called me up the other day.前几天，简给我打过电话。

If you want my help, just call up.你如果需要我的帮助，来个电话就行。

（5） call off 可以表示"取消（某项活动）"：

For some reason, they have called off the party / the meeting.由于某种原因，他们把晚会/会议取消了。

2．most

（1）adj．用于最高级，表示"最……"：

This is the most beautiful can/ garden I've even seen.这是我见过的最漂亮的车/花园。

The most intelligent girl in this class is Jane.这个班上最聪明的姑娘是简。

（2）adj．大多数的，大部分的：

Most doctors don't smoke.大多数医生不吸烟。

Most women have to stay at home in this country.在这个国家，大部分妇女都得呆在家里。

（3）adv．非常，很（相当于very，

但通常用于表达主观感情、见解等）：

This is a most interesting/ exciting story.这是个非常有趣/激动人心的故事。（说话者的观点）

Dan was most surprised when he heard the news.丹听到这个消息后，惊奇万分。