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学员编号： 年 级：初二 课 时 数：
学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
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T Unit3（牛津8下）基础知识梳理
★★★
1、使学生能够基本掌握本单元中的基础词汇及重要句型；
2、使学生熟练运用本节课所学的知识。
T同步-U3基础知识梳理
（建议2-5分钟）
Electricity
For other uses, see Electricity (disambiguation). "Electric" redirects here. For other uses, see Electric
(disambiguation).
Lightningis one of the most dramatic effects of electricity.
Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity gives
a wide variety of well-known effects, such as lightning, static electricity, electromagnetic induction and the flow of
electrical current. In addition, electricity permits the creation and reception of electromagnetic radiation such as radio
waves.
In electricity, charges produce electromagnetic fields which act on other charges. Electricity occurs due to several
types of physics:
• electric charge: a property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions.
Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields.
• electric current: a movement or flow of electrically charged particles, typically measured in amperes.
• electric field(see electrostatics): an especially simple type of electromagnetic field produced by an electric
charge even when it is not moving . The electric field produces a force on other charges in its vicinity. Moving
1
charges additionally produce a magnetic field.
• electric potential: the capacity of an electric field to do work on an electric charge, typically measured in
volts.
• electromagnets: electrical currents generate magnetic fields, and changing magnetic fields generate electrical
currents
In electrical engineering, electricity is used for:
• electric powerwhere electric current is used to energise equipment
• electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum
tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.
Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though advances in the science were not made until the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Practical applications for electricity however remained few, and it would not be
until the late nineteenth century that engineers were able to put it to industrial and residential use. The rapid expansion
in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society. Electricity's extraordinary versatility as a means
of providing energy means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating,
lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is the backbone of modern industrial society.
The word electricity is from the New Latin ēlectricus, "amber-like"
[
, coined in the year 1600 from the Greek ήλεκτρον
(electron) meaning amber, because electrical effects were produced classically by rubbing amber.
批注：通过阅读这篇短文，让学生了解electricity，引入今天的主题。
（建议20-25分钟）
一、词汇Words
1.1. servant n. 仆人；佣人
e. g. Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. [谚]水火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。
A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。
【知识拓展】 serve v. 服务，待客
e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinner. 他们以盛宴招待客人们。
service n. 服务
e. g. The train service to the capital is very good. 开往首都的火车服务设施非常好。
批注：除了跟学生讲解servant的三个词性转换外，还要告诉学生serve 是及物动词，后面直接跟sb.
2. trick v. 欺骗；坑人
e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄骗我给了他钱。
（常与out of连用）骗走，恶作剧
e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企图骗走他的股份。
【知识拓展】 trick n. 诡计；骗术，花招
e. g. I can do magic tricks. 我会变魔术。
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