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Introduction of Machining
Have a shape as a processing method, all machining process for the
production of the most commonly used and most important method. Machining
process is a process generated shape, in this process, Drivers device on
the work piece material to be in the form of chip removal. Although in
some occasions, the workpiece under no circumstances, the use of mobile
equipment to the processing, However, the majority of the machining is
not only supporting the workpiece also supporting tools and equipment to
complete.
Machining know the process has two aspects. Small group of low-cost
production. For casting, forging and machining pressure, every production
of a specific shape of the workpiece, even a spare parts, almost have to
spend the high cost of processing. Welding to rely on the shape of the
structure, to a large extent, depend on effective in the form of raw
materials. In general, through the use of expensive equipment and without
special processing conditions, can be almost any type of raw materials,
mechanical processing to convert the raw materials processed into the
arbitrary shape of the structure, as long as the external dimensions large
enough, it is possible. Because of a production of spare parts, even when
the parts and structure of the production batch sizes are suitable for
the original casting, Forging or pressure processing to produce, but
usually prefer machining.
Strict precision and good surface finish, machining the second
purpose is the establishment of the high precision and surface finish
possible on the basis of. Many parts, if any other means of production
belonging to the large-scale production, Well Machining is a
low-tolerance and can meet the requirements of small batch production.
Besides, many parts on the production and processing of coarse process
to improve its general shape of the surface. It is only necessary precision
and choose only the surface machining. For instance, thread, in addition
to mechanical processing, almost no other processing method for
processing. Another example is the blacksmith pieces keyhole processing,
as well as training to be conducted immediately after the mechanical
completion of the processing.
Primary Cutting Parameters
Cutting the work piece and tool based on the basic relationship
between the following four elements to fully describe : the tool geometry,
cutting speed, feed rate, depth and penetration of a cutting tool.
Cutting Tools must be of a suitable material to manufacture, it must
be strong, tough, hard and wear-resistant. Tool geometry -- to the tip
plane and cutter angle characteristics -- for each cutting process must
be correct.
Cutting speed is the cutting edge of work piece surface rate, it is
inches per minute to show. In order to effectively processing, and cutting
speed must adapt to the level of specific parts -- with knives. Generally,
the more hard work piece material, the lower the rate.
Progressive Tool to speed is cut into the work piece speed. If the
work piece or tool for rotating movement, feed rate per round over the
number of inches to the measurement. When the work piece or tool for
reciprocating movement and feed rate on each trip through the measurement
of inches. Generally, in other conditions, feed rate and cutting speed
is inversely proportional to.
Depth of penetration of a cutting tool -- to inches dollars -- is the
tool to the work piece distance. Rotary cutting it to the chip or equal
to the width of the linear cutting chip thickness. Rough than finishing,
deeper penetration of a cutting tool depth.
Rough machining and finishing machining
There are two kinds of cuts in machine- shop work called, respectively,
the "roughing cut" and the "finishing cut". When a piece is "roughed out",
it is quite near the shape and size required, but enough metal has been
left on the surface to finish smooth and to exact size." Generally speaking,
bars of steel, forging, castings, etc. are machined to the required shape
and size with only one roughing and one finishing cut. Sometimes, however,
certain portions of a piece may require more than one roughing cut. Also,
in some jobs, for example, when great accuracy is not needed, or when a
comparatively small amount of metal must be removed, a finishing cut may
be all that is required. The roughing cut, to remove the greater part of
the excess material, should be reasonably heavy, that is, all the machine,
or cutting tool, or work, or all three, will stand. So the machinist’
s purpose is to remove the excess stock as fast as he can without leaving,
at the same time, a surface too torn and rough, without bending the piece
if it is slender, and without spoiling the centers. The finishing cut,
to make the work smooth and accurate, is a finer cut. The emphasis here
is refinement - very sharp tool, comparatively little metal removed, and
a higher degree of accuracy in measurement. Whether roughing or finishing,
the machinist must set the machine for the given job. He must consider
the size and shape of the work and the kind of material, also the kind
of tool used and the nature of the cut to be made, then he proceeds to
set the machine for the correct speed and feed and to set the tool to take
the depth of cut desired.
Automatic Fixture Design
Assembly equipment used in the traditional synchronous fixture put
parts of the fixture mobile center, to ensure that components from
transmission from the plane or equipment plate placed after removal has
been scheduled for position. However, in certain applications, mobile
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