What is civil engineering(原版)

What is civil engineering?

Engineering is the practical application of the findings of theoretical science so

that they can be put to work for the benefit of mankind. Engineer is one of the

oldest occupations in the history of mankind. Without the skills included in the

field of engineering our present-day civilization could never have evolved.

Civil engineering is a subject has a very close relationship with human,it has a

long history ,but it is also full of vigorous.

Now civil engineering is defined as the civil engineering is the floorboard of

technology to build all kinds of engineering facilities. It means that both applied

materials, equipment and the survey, design, construction, maintenance such

technology activities, also refers to the object of construction, namely to the

engineering facilities service our life, production directly or indirectly build on the

ground or underground, onshore or underwater, such as houses, road，railways,

bridges, dams, port, power stations, airports, hydraulic structures, water supply

and drainage and protection engineering and so on.

Provide good function, comfortable beautiful space and channel to meet

human activities’ need, also performance for waterproof infestations, water

conservancy and environmental management, this is the primary purpose and the

starting point of the civil r,one of the primary needs of mankind,

is provided by civil engineers. The efficient planning of water supply and irrigation

systems increases the food production in a country. Shelters, apart from just being

shelters, have been constructed by civil engineers to provide a peaceful and

comfortable life.

The development of civil engineering went through a long phylogeny. Build

house is the earliest civil engineering projects mankind begins, in paleolithic times.

People perched on the trees, or live in a natural cave, afterwards, as the population

increase, people start to use stone or branches to build self-stipulation themselves

imitate natural cover up, this is the beginning of civil slave

society, feudal society, to today, civil engineering, each in material, construction

technology and theory various aspects have made great progress. The engineering

marvels of the world, starting from the pyramids to today’s thin shell structures,

are the result of the development in civil engineering.

Any discipline of engineering is a vast field with various specialisations. The

major specialisations of civilengineering are Structural engineering, Geotechnical

engineering, Fluid mechanics, hydraulics and hydraulic machines, Transportation

engineering, Water supply, sanitary and environmental engineering, Irrigation

engineering, Surveying, levelling and remote sensing and so on.

Civil engineering material is the foundation of civil engineering, the new

material appears will promote architectural forms innovation, with design and

construction process correspondingly improvement and innovation. Civil

engineering material is gradually developed from scratch associated with human

society advances and productive forces development of society, from natural

material to artificial material, from handicraft production to industrial production

several the neolithic age, humans began using the natural material such

as clay wood to built house, with the development of human production tools,

natural stone material begin extensively use, 19

th

century steel, cement, concrete

and reinforced concrete civil engineering material appears and application, is the

civil engineering materials revolution in the history. In the 20

th

century appeared

plastic alloy, stainless steel and some new civil engineering materials with special

function, which makes the 21

st

century civil engineering materials developed

towards lightweight high stength, high durability, functionality, intelligent

high-performance materials and environment-friendly green building materials.

In today’s world, civil engineering works all over the world, such as famous

Sydney Opera House, Shanghai World Financial Center, and so on, The original

beautiful earth added to a beautiful colour dressed up by civil engineers, with its

nature original features constitute a beautiful new colour world.

The development are both exciting in this subject and its employment. With

the urban construction and road construction continues to heat up, the

employment situation of civil engineering continued to rise in recent years. Find a

job, in terms of the majority of graduates are not difficult, however, the

employment prospects of civil engineering and the direction of national policy and

economic development is closely related, the pay levels in recent years, showing a

tendency that management ia pay more than technology, and shift from

technology management, the shift from technology to management, however, for

most students of civil engineering are not easy.

Engineering is the practical application of the findings of theoretical science so

that they can be put to work for the benefit of mankind. Engineering is one of the

oldest occupations in the history of mankind. Without the skills included in the

field of engineering our present-day civilization could never have evolved.

Civil engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the design and

construction of structures that are intended to be stationary, such as buildings and

houses, tunnels, bridges, canals, highways, airports, port facilities, and road beds

for railroads.

土木工程是工程学的一个分支，它主研究各种固定建筑物的设计和建造，包括建筑、

房屋、隧道、桥梁、河道、公路、机场、港口设施以及铁路路基的设计和修建。

Among its subdivisions are structural engineering, dealing with permanent

structures; hydraulic engineering, dealing with the flow of water and other fluids;

and environment/sanitary engineering, dealing with water supply, water

purification, and sewer system, as well as urban planning and design.

它又可分为结构工程，主要研究永久性建筑；水利工程，主要研究水和其他流体的流

动；环境/卫生工程，主要研究水的供应、净化和排水系统，以及城市规划与设计。

Civil engineering offers a particular challenge because almost every structure

or system that is designed and built by civil engineers is unique. One structure

rarely duplicates another exactly.

土木工程学科特别具有挑战性，这是由于工程师设计和建造的每一幢建筑物或

每一个系统几乎都是独一无二的，一种结构几乎不可能与另一种结构完全相同。

Even when structures seem to be identical, site requirement or other factors

generally result in modification. Large structures like dams, bridges, or tunnels may

differ substantially from previous structures.

即便外表看上去相同的建筑物，由于场地要求或其他因素的改变通常会导

致设计方案的不同。大型建筑物如堤坝、桥梁或隧道工程，可能与以前的结构有实质差异。

Engineers are required to have solid knowledge of mathematics, physics, and

chemistry. Mathematics is very important in all branches of engineering, so it is

greatly stressed.

工程师要具有牢固的数学、物理和化学知识。在工程学中，数学是非常重要

的，要予以重点强调。

A civil engineer is a member of the civil engineering profession. They may

work in research design, construction supervision, maintenance, or even in sales or

management. Each of these areas involves different duties, different emphases,

and different uses of the engineer’s knowledge and experience.

土木工程师是土木工程专业人员，他们可以从事研究设计、工程监理、维护维

修、甚至销售或管理等工作。每个领域有不同的职责、不同的侧重点，运用的工程知识和

经验也不同。

Classroom Exercises

Much of the work of civil engineers is carried out outdoors, often in

rugged and difficult terrain or under dangerous conditions. Surveying is an

outdoor occupation, for example, and dams are often built in wild river valleys.

Bridges, tunnels, and skyscraper under construction can also be dangerous places

to work. In addition, the work must progress under all kinds of weather conditions.

The prospective civil engineer should be aware of the physical demands that will

be made on him or her.