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2024年4月12日发(作者：spring cloud feign调用原理)
语言学名词解释（6）
Define the following terms:
1. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific
study of language.
2. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and
used in communication is called phonology.
3. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are
combined to form sentences is called syntax. .
4. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is
called pragmatics.
5. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to
the workings of mind is called psycholinguistics.
6. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols
used for human communication.
7. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic
communication is called phonetics.
8. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes
are arranged to form words is called morphology.
9. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called
semantics.
10. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to
society is called sociolinguistics.
11. Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics
refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to
language teaching and learning, especially the teaching of
foreign and second languages. In a broad sense, it refers to the
application of linguistic findings to the solution of practical
problems such as the recovery of speech ability.
12. Arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language.
It means that there is no logical connection between meanings
and sounds
13. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it
makes possible the construction and interpretation of new
signals by its users.
14. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be
used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or
imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away
places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts
removed from the immediate situations of the speaker
15. Duality: The duality nature of language means that
language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or
two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.
16. Design features: Design features refer to the defining
properties of human language that
distinguish it from any animal system of communication
17. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal
user's knowledge of the rules of his language,
18. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the
knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication.
19. Langue : Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system
shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the
set of conventions and rules which language users all have to
follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently
20. Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual
use; parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the
application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and
from situation to situation.45. phonology: Phonology studies the
system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover
how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these
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