76-测试试卷-英语语言学课程期末考试(试卷)

英语语言学课程期末考试（试卷）

I. In each question there are four choices. Decide which one would be the answer

to the question, or best completes the sentence. (1×20

＝

20)

1. Arbitrariness is mostly found at which of the following levels?

A. Sounds

B. Words

C. Syntax

D. All of the above

2. Each human language is organized into two basic systems, that is, .

A. sounds and meaning

B. vocabulary and grammar

C. syntax and meaning

D. phonetics and semantics

3. The branch of linguistics, which deals with the application of linguistic theories and

methods to other fields, such as language disorders, language learning and teaching,

etc. is called .

A. applied linguistics

B. discourse analysis

C. systemic-functional linguistics

D. sociolinguistics

two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment

which occurs in the same place in the strings, the two words are said to form a

.

A. a minimal pair

B. a distinctive pair

C. a phonetic pair

D. a phonological pair

5. The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in

communication is _______________.

A. morphology

B. general linguistics

C. phonology

D. semantics

6. A transcription records many features if utterance can be ascertained by the

phoneticians and it captures the exact articulatory details of each sound.

A. broad

B. narrow

C. wide

D. phonetic

7. refers to the influence exercised by one sound segment upon the

articulation of another so that two sounds become alike or identical.

A. nasalization

B. assimilation

C. aspiration

D. dissimilation

8. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is .

A. grammatical

B. morphemic

C. semantic

D. lexical

stem of the word “disagreements” is .

A. agreement

B. disagreement

C. agree

D. disagree

10. is an abstract and technical term which refers to the smallest unit in the

meaning system of a language that can be distinguished from other smaller units.

A. Lexicon

B. Lexeme

C. Morpheme

D. Phoneme

11. A subordinate clause may serve many grammatical categories except .

A. predicate

B. object

C. subject

D. adverbial

12. According to Talmy, cognitive linguistics seeks to ascertain the global integrated

system of structuring in language.

A. conceptual

B. contextual

C. cultural

D. social

13. is a process in which incorrect linguistic features become a permanent part of

the way a person speaks or writes a language.

A. Internalization

B. Fossilization

C. Externalization

D. Reorganization

14. According to Chomsky, children are born with a(n) ability to acquire

language.

A. innate

B. external

C. acquired

D. psychological

ate logic, also called predicate calculus, studies the internal structure of

.

A. simple propositions

B. composite propositions

C. simple sentences

D. compound sentences

16. The sentence “It is raining” is a predication.

A. three-place

B. two-place

C. one-place

D. no-place

following are the characteristics of the conversational implicature

EXCEPT___________.

A. calculability

B. cancellability

C. Acceptability

D. non-detachability

sentence “My boss is not unfriendly to me” implies that my boss is less than

fully friendly to me. This implied meaning is deduced from ___________.

A. Austin’s theory

B. Grice’s theory

C. Horn’s R- principle

D. Levinson’s M- principle

19. The metric pattern in the line

“

Willows │ whiten │, aspens │ quiver” is

___________..

A. Iambic foot

B. Trochaic foot

C. Anapestic foot

D. Dactylic foot

20. The line “Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king” contains a

___________.

A. reversed rhyme.

B. internal rhyme

C. end rhyme

D. pararhyme

in each of the following blanks with a proper word. (1×20

＝

20)

21. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ___________ study.

22. Phonetics is the study of human speech sounds while phonology is the study of

sound ___________.

23. ___________ is regarded as the founding father of modern linguistics.

24. Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his

language and performance, the ___________of this knowledge in linguistics

communication.

25. ___________ are the vowels in which the posture of the tongue and lips is

assumed to be stable.

26. “Gentle” is the ___________ of the word “gentlemanliness

27. For any natural language, a set of___________ rules are capable of yielding an

endless number of sentences.

28. The term ___________ in some approaches refers to classes and functions in its

narrow sense, e.g., noun, verb, subject, predicate, noun phrase, verb phrase, etc.,

More specifically, it refers to the defining properties of these general units.

29. “ ___________ ” is a term used in generative linguistics to refer to rules which are

capable of repeated application in generating a sentence and also to the structure

thus generated.

30. ___________ meaning is what is communicated through association with another

sense of the same expression.

31. “Buy” and “sell” are a pair of ___________ antonyms, also called relational

opposites.

32. Conceptual meaning is also called denotative, cognitive or ___________meaning,

which refers to the definition given in the dictionary.

33. ___________ specifies the relationship between a word or phrase and a specific

object in the external world.

34. A ___________ act is the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It is the act of

conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.

35. “She ran across the field” and “She ran through the field” differ in ________ of

the speakers.

36.B’s answer in the following dialogue might have two implicatures. Based on

Sperber and Wilson’s theory, ________ is the most important factor in deciding on

the correct implicature.

A: Do you want some coffee?

B: Coffee would keep me awake.

can figure out, from Levinson’s ________, that the sentence “It’s possible that

Buddhism is the world’s oldest living religion” implies “It is not certain that

Buddhism is the world’s oldest living religion”.

38. The sentence “My spirit rose” is a ________metaphor.

39. The sentence “His purse would not allow him the luxury” is a ________

40. The following two lines taken from Alfred Tennyson’s The Brook

contains________.

I slip, I slide, I gloom, I glance,

Among my skinning swallows.

III. Define the following terms. (3×10

＝

30)

41. metalingual function

42. co-articulation

43. free morpheme