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英文回答：
The intricate relationship between language and thought
has fascinated scholars, philosophers, and linguists for
centuries. While some argue that language is merely a tool
for expressing pre-existing thoughts, others contend that
language fundamentally shapes and limits our cognition.
The linguistic relativity hypothesis, commonly known as
the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, posits that the structure of a
language influences the way its speakers perceive and
conceive of the world. In other words, different languages
encode different concepts and categories, which in turn
influence our thoughts and experiences.
For example, the Hopi language of North America has no
words for time or space, and its speakers do not experience
time as a linear progression. Instead, they conceive of
time as a cyclical or holistic phenomenon. This suggests
that the Hopi language and culture condition the Hopi
people to think about time in a unique way.
Conversely, the Pirahã language of Brazil has no
numbers or words for quantities. As a result, the Pirahã
people have difficulty understanding and using mathematics,
even simple arithmetic. This suggests that the structure of
the Pirahã language limits the cognitive abilities of its
speakers.
However, the linguistic relativity hypothesis is not
universally accepted. Some linguists argue that language is
primarily a tool for communication and that it does not
fundamentally shape our cognition. Instead, they contend
that our thoughts and experiences are largely independent
of the language we speak.
中文回答：
語言與思維之間的密切關係幾百年來一直讓學者、哲學家和語
言學家著迷。有些人認為語言僅僅是一種表達已經存在思想的工具，
而另一些人則認為語言從根本上塑造和限制了我們的認知。
語言相對論假說，通常稱為薩丕爾-沃夫假說，假設語言的結構
影響了其說話者感知和構想世界的方式。換句話說，不同的語言編
碼不同的概念和範疇，而這些概念和範疇又會影響我們的思想和經
驗。
例如，北美的霍皮語沒有表示時間或空間的詞彙，其語言的使
用者不將時間視為線性進程。相反，他們將時間視為一個循環或整
體現象。這表明霍皮語和文化使霍皮人以一種獨特的方式思考時間。
相反，巴西的皮拉哈語沒有數字或表示數量的詞彙。因此，皮
拉哈人難以理解和使用數學，即使是簡單的算術。這表明皮拉哈語
的結構限制了其說話者的認知能力。
然而，語言相對論假說並未得到普遍接受。一些語言學家認為
語言主要是溝通的工具，它並不會從根本上塑造我們的認知。相反，
他們認為我們的思想和經驗在很大程度上獨立於我們所說的語言。
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