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2024年4月16日发(作者：网页制作培训多久)
Signal processing
Signal processing is an area of electrical engineering and applied mathematics
that deals with operations on or analysis of signals, in either discrete or
continuous time, to perform useful operations on those signals. Signals of
interest can include sound, images, time-varying measurement values and
sensor data, for example biological data such as electrocardiograms, control
system signals, telecommunication transmission signals such as radio signals,
and many others. Signals are analog or digital electrical representations of
time-varying or spatial-varying physical quantities. In the context of signal
processing, arbitrary binary data streams and on-off signalling are not
considered as signals, but only analog and digital signals that are
representations of analog physical quantities.
History
According to Alan V. Oppenheim and Ronald W. Schafer, the principles of
signal processing can be found in the classical numerical analysis techniques
of the 17th century. They further state that the "digitalization" or digital
refinement of these techniques can be found in the digital control systems of
the 1940s and 1950s.
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Categories of signal processing
Analog signal processing
Analog signal processing is for signals that have not been digitized, as in
classical radio, telephone, radar, and television systems. This involves linear
electronic circuits such as passive filters, active filters, additive mixers,
integrators and delay lines. It also involves non-linear circuits such as
compandors, multiplicators (frequency mixers and voltage-controlled
amplifiers), voltage-controlled filters, voltage-controlled oscillators and
phase-locked loops.
Discrete time signal processing
Discrete time signal processing is for sampled signals that are considered as
defined only at discrete points in time, and as such are quantized in time, but
not in magnitude.
Analog discrete-time signal processing
is a technology based on electronic
devices such as sample and hold circuits, analog time-division multiplexers,
analog delay lines and analog feedback shift registers. This technology was a
predecessor of digital signal processing (see below), and is still used in
advanced processing of gigahertz signals.
The concept of discrete-time signal processing also refers to a theoretical
discipline that establishes a mathematical basis for digital signal processing,
without taking quantization error into consideration.
Digital signal processing
Digital signal processing is for signals that have been digitized. Processing is
done by general-purpose computers or by digital circuits such as ASICs,
field-programmable gate arrays or specialized digital signal processors (DSP
chips). Typical arithmetical operations include fixed-point and floating-point,
real-valued and complex-valued, multiplication and addition. Other typical
operations supported by the hardware are circular buffers and look-up tables.
Examples of algorithms are the Fast Fourier transform (FFT), finite impulse
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