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2024年4月23日发(作者：链接转二维码)
2022年职称英语考试阅读理解习题(三十)(1)
In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that
children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences,
one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any
genes(other than those that cause retardation)that affect
intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London’s
Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that
if you want to find a “smart gene,” you should look in smart kids.
They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so
bright that they take college entrance exams four years early—
and still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found
what they sought. “We have,” says Plomin, “the first specific
gene ever associated with general intelligence.”
Plomin’s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51
children each, all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties
around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the
children are white. Isolating the blood cells, the researchers then
examined each child’s chromosome 6. Of the 37 landmarks on
chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for, one jumped out: a form
of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the
high-IQ group as in the average group—32 percent versus 16 percent.
The study, in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science,
concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes
to intelligence.
Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study.
One is the possibility that Plomin’s group fell for “chopsticks
fallacy”. Geneticists might think they’ve found a gene for
chopsticks flexibility, but all they’ve really found is a gene more
common in Asians than, say, Africans. Similarly, Plomin’s IQ gene
might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize
academic achievement. “What is the gene that they’ve found reflects
ethnicity? “asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins
University.” That alone might explain the link to intelligence,
since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected
by a child’s environment.” And Neil Risch of Standford University
points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chromosome, as the
researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids,
that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between
the gene and intelligence. Warns Feinberg: “I would take these
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