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托福TPO阅读真题及译文：Spartina
新通外语广州学校小编整理了一篇托福TPO阅读真题里的一篇文章（Spartina），并附上中
文翻译，正在备考托福阅读的考生们，建议多积累托福阅读背景资料，适当地运用托福TPO。
托福TPO阅读真题：Spartina
第一段：
托福TPO阅读原文：
Spartina alterniflora, known as cordgrass, is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant
native to the Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States. It is the dominant
native species of the lower salt marshes along these coasts, where it grows in the
intertidal zone (the area covered by water some parts of the day and exposed others).
托福TPO阅读翻译：
互花米草，俗称网茅，是一种落叶的多年生开花植物，原产自美国大西洋沿岸和墨西哥
湾地区。它是这些海岸下游地区盐碱地的优势本地种，生长在潮间带（有时淹没在水中，有
时暴露在空气中的区域）。
第二段：
托福TPO阅读原文：
These natural salt marshes are among the most productive habitats in the marine
environment. Nutrient-rich water is brought to the wetlands during each high tide, making
a high rate of food production possible. As the seaweed and marsh grass leaves die,
bacteria break down the plant material, and insects, small shrimplike organisms, fiddler
crabs, and marsh snails eat the decaying plant tissue, digest it, and excrete wastes high in
nutrients. Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue,
and redwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the
cordgrass. Each tidal cycle carries plant material into the offshore water to be used by the
subtidal organisms.
托福TPO阅读翻译：
这些天然的盐碱地位于海洋环境下最肥沃的生境中。涨潮时会给沼泽带来营养丰富的海
水，使得高产量成为可能。随着海草和沼泽禾草叶子的死亡，细菌将植物体分解，昆虫、小
留学改变人生，教育改变中国！
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型虾状浮游生物、招潮蟹和沼泽蜗牛吃掉了腐烂的植物组织，消化后排出富含营养的排泄物。
沼泽里生活着无数的昆虫，它们以活着或死去的网茅组织为食，红翼歌鸫、麻雀、啮齿动物、
兔子以及鹿都直接以网茅为食。每一个潮汐周期都会将植物带到近海海水中，它们可以被潮
水下的生物所利用。
第三段：
托福TPO阅读原文：
Spartina is an exceedingly competitive plant. It spreads primarily by underground
stems; colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and
take root or when seeds float into a suitable area and germinate. Spartina establishes
itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of
salinities ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5
percent). Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to
most plants. Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form
of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh
environments. Another adaptive advantage is Spartina’s ability to use carbon dioxide
more efficiently than most other plants.
托福TPO阅读翻译：
米草属植物是极具竞争力的植物。它主要通过地下茎向四周扩展；当根系或整株植物漂
到一个地方扎了根，或者当种子漂到一个适合的地方发芽时，群落就形成了。从泥沙地到卵
砾石地，米草属植物都能生长，其耐盐度在接近淡水（0.05%）和盐水（3.5%）的范围内。
由于缺乏氧气，沼泽沉积物里的硫化物含量很高，，这些硫化物对多数植物而言是有毒的。
米草属植物具有能够吸收硫化物并将其转换成为硫酸盐（一种植物可以利用的硫形式）的能
力；这种能力使得米草属植物更易在沼泽环境中生存。另一个适应性优势就是米草属植物拥
有比其它植物更能有效利用二氧化碳的能力。
第四段：
托福TPO阅读原文：
These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the estuaries where it
occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery
area for estuarine fish and shellfish. Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap
sediment, changing the substrate elevation, and eventually the stand evolves into a high
marsh system where Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation, brackish-water
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