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北师大（2019版）选修第四册全部课文英语对照
Unit11 Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We？
第一课 我们之间的联系有多紧密？
Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between
seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten
people who are closest to us. However, perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than
we think. “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be
connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
研究表明，普通人只与7 至15 个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只
发生在5 到10 个亲近的人身上。不过，也许我们与世界上其他人的联系比想象中的
更紧密。“六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个人与一个陌生
人联系起来。
The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s. The Hungarian author
Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he
introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early
impressions of social networks.
这个概念早在20世纪20年代就被提出。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版
了《一切皆不同》一书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构
想都受到他思想的影响。
In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically;
but after twenty years, they still had not had any success. In 1967, an American sociologist
called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory, which he called the
“small-world problem”. He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America
and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. The people
sending the packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger.
Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought
might know the target stranger. Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she
would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally
delivered to the correct person. Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to
get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the bimonthly
北师大（2019版）选修第四册全部课文英语对照
magazine Psychology Today. It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of
Separation”.
20世纪50年代，两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年过去了，仍未成功。
1967年，美国社会学家斯坦利·米尔格拉姆试图用新的方法来验证这一理论，他称之
为“小世界问题”。米尔格拉姆在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨
诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大
致的位置。米尔格拉姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。
一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到包裹被送到目标收件人
手中。令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一
经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说
法。
In the last few decades, the theory and the phrase have appeared again. Its name was
used as the title of a play and then a film. Then, more films and TV programmes based on
the concept were made and broadcast. For example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based
on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”. The lives of all the characters were closely
connected, although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart. The
television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”, as almost all
the characters had randomly met each other, or had met someone the other characters
knew, before they were all in the same plane crash. In the mid-1990s, two college students
in the United States invented a game. The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin
Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through no more than six links. Soon the
game was being played in universities across the United States.
在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。它被用作戏剧标题和电影名称。随
后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继拍摄、播出。例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》
就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。影片中所有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他们的生
活都是紧密相连的。电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机
上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。上世纪90年代中期，
美国两名大学生发明了一款游戏。这个游戏的玩法是用不超过六个联结将任意一个演
员与著名演员、音乐家凯文·贝肯联系起来。这款游戏很快在美国的大学里流行起来。
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