2005年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2005年考研英语真题试卷

(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best

word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be

insensitive smellers compared with animals, 【B1】 this is largely because, 【B2】

animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 【B3】 to perceiving those

smells which float through the air, 【B4】 the majority of smells which stick to

surfaces. In fact, 【B5】 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 【B6】 we do not

generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 【B7】 human smells even when these

are 【B8】 to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that

they can smell one type of flower but not another, 【B9】 others are sensitive to the

smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes

necessary to generate 【B10】 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the

cells which sense smells and send 【B11】 to the brain. However, it has been found

that even people insensitive to a certain smell 【B12】 can suddenly become sensitive

to it when 【B13】 to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell

seems to be that brain finds it 【B14】 to keep all smell receptors working all the time

but can 【B15】 new receptors if necessary. This may 【B16】 explain why we are

not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not

【B17】 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 【B18】 new smells when we

visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 【B19】 for

unfamiliar and emergency signals 【B20】 the smell of smoke, which might indicate

the danger of fire.

1． 【B1】

A．although

B．as

C．but

D．while

正确答案：C

解析：逻辑关系判断。空后的一句并非是对前一句的真正原因的阐释，前后

逻辑关系更应该是转折，而非其它。

2． 【B2】

A．above

B．unlike

C．excluding

D．besides

正确答案：B

解析：逻辑关系判断。前后是对比关系，应该选”unlike”。

3． 【B3】

A．limited

B．committed

C．dedicated

D．confined

正确答案：A

解析：词义辨析。第三句话对第二句话的意思进行说明，指出”人的鼻子局

限于某些气味—飘浮于空中的气味”，那么选”limited”比较合适。

4． 【B4】

A．catching

B．ignoring

C．missing

D．tracking

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析。后半句对前半句进行说明，所填词意思与perceiving意思

相对，所以应用missing。

5． 【B5】

A．anyway

B．though

C．instead

D．therefore

正确答案：C

解析：逻辑关系判断。提示词”In fact”，暗示我们这里内容和文章开始部分

相反，正确答案”instead”，表达了这种转折关系，为正确答案。如果选” though”

或” therefore”，那么就与”In fact”无法搭配。

6． 【B6】

A．even if

B．if only

C．only if

D．as if

正确答案：A

解析：逻辑关系判断。根据上下义，这一句表示让步关系，意思是”即使我

们一般不会意识到某些气味，但我们仍然对这些东西感觉灵敏”。符合这一要求

的只有”even if”。

7． 【B7】

A．distinguishing

B．discovering

C．determining

D．detecting

正确答案：D

解析：形近词辨析。本题要求选一个跟气味能搭配的动词，由前一句话可以

了解到其实就是要捕捉气味的意思。那么，选项”detecting”是对的。这里也请注

意，本文是说”鼻子嗅觉”方面的。那么凡是说到捕捉气味的动词，要优先考虑，

在本文有好几个选项都是选这样的动词。

8． 【B8】

A．diluted

B．dissolved

C．dispersed

D．diffused

正确答案：A

解析：难词辨义。diluted表示”冲淡”的意思，句意为”即使这些气味的浓度

冲淡到原来的百万分之一，人们仍然能够捕捉到这些气味”。

9． 【B9】

A．when

B．since

C．for

D．whereas

正确答案：D

解析：逻辑关系判断。第二段首句中的提示词”Strangely”，暗示这里要出现

一个转折．要填的词必须表达这种对比。很明显”whereas”是正确答案。

10． 【B10】

A．unusual

B．particular

C．unique

D．typical

正确答案：B

解析：副词辨析。其他选项放到原文都不符合逻辑。

11． 【B11】

A．signs

B．stimuli

C．messages

D．impulses

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析。前半句说”这些接收器能够感觉到气味”，既然能够感觉到

气味，那说明已经有了信息。因此”messages”是正确答案，这里的stimuli和

impulses仅仅谈到受到刺激，还没有形成信息，与整个句子的逻辑不相吻合。

12． 【B12】

A．at first

B．at all

C．at large

D．at times

正确答案：A

解析：固定搭配。根据句子中间的意思”刚开始对某种气味不灵敏的人能够

灵敏起来”，这表示嗅觉灵敏度变化的一个过程。而本题涉及的是第一个过程，

所以应该是”at first”。

13． 【B13】

A．subjected

B．left

C．drawn

D．exposed

正确答案：D

解析：固定搭配。”exposed to”表示”接触”。

14． 【B14】

A．ineffective

B．incompetent

C．inefficient

D．insufficient

正确答案：C

解析：逻辑关系判断。由该句可以看出：大脑关闭一些嗅觉接收器，这样使

嗅觉接收达到最有效的程度。反之，如果让所有的嗅觉接收器每时每刻都工作，

毫无疑问，嗅觉接收效率不高。所以选”inefficient”。

15． 【B15】

A．introduce

B．summon

C．trigger

D．create

正确答案：C

解析：词义辨析。所填词后面的意思对前面转折，前面讲大脑关闭一些嗅觉

接收器，这样使嗅觉接收达到最有效的程度，而这里有必要可以激活，因为

receptors是本身就有的，不用重新create，只用trigger一下可以了。

16． 【B16】

A．still

B．also

C．otherwise

D．nevertheless

正确答案：B

解析：语义判断。本句承接前一句的解释，这里指上述提高嗅觉接收有效率

的原理，也能解释另外一种现象：每个人对于自己的气味不太敏感。这样表示递

进关系的”also”是正确答案。

17． 【B17】

A．sure

B．sick

C．aware

D．tired

正确答案：C

解析：固定搭配。”be aware of”意为”意识到”。

18． 【B18】

A．tolerate

B．repel

C．neglect

D．notice

正确答案：D

解析：词义辨析。这里谓语动词应该是前一句谓语动词的同义词，也就是”

意识到”、”注意到”的意思，那么”notice”为正确答案。

19． 【B19】

A．available

B．reliable

C．identifiable

D．suitable

正确答案：A

解析：固定搭配。”available for”意为”可用于”。

20． 【B20】

A．similar to

B．such as

C．along with

D．aside from

正确答案：B

解析：词组用法辨析。在这个空的前面提到”不熟悉的和紧急的信号”，后面

提到”对烟的气味”，这是举一个例子，是前面所说信号的一种。所以”such as”为

正确答案。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below

each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)

Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you

learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for

slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”,

with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely

developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of

Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature,

suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour

of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co

operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female

human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and

services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.

Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their

monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to

exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were

placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other

was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In

the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).

So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her taken, the second was

reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape

without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own

token at the re searcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of

cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an

actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.

The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social

emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation

is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of

righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser

reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the

group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved in dependently in

capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species

had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

21． In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______.

A．posing a contrast

B．justifying an assumption

C．making a comparison

D．explaining a phenomenon

正确答案：C

解析：作者写作手法判断。作者在第一段做了一个类比，对人的公平意识进

行了阐述，最后指出猴子们也有公平意识。所以作者显然通过比较开篇。

22． The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that

______.

A．monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals

B．resenting unfairness is als0 monkeys ‘ nature

C．monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other

D．no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions

正确答案：B

解析：推理题。根据问题中的线索，它在一段的最后，在一段的最后出现了

转折词”but”，这样很明显说明本文的主题就在这里。那么，作者在文章开始指

出了人对于不公平的反应。这里说到猴子具有类似的个性。很明显就是说猴子对

于不公平的待遇也会有不满，这是它们的天性。

23． Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably

because they are ______.

A．more inclined to weigh what they get

B．attentive to researchers’ instructions

C．nice in both appearance and temperament

D．more generous than their male companions

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。根据找中心词的方法，我们找出这个题目的出题句是文

章第三段的第一句话”Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.

Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study”.根据这句话，我们得知是因为猴子身上的某些

特征使它们成为了研究者的研究对象。根据这样的一个信息点，在四个选项中进

行排除。很显然，答案选项的意思是与原文的出题句的意思最接近。而其他三个

选项原文都没有提到。

24． Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the

monkeys ______.

A．prefer grapes to cucumbers

B．can be taught to exchange things

C．will not be co-operative if feeling cheated

D．are unhappy when separated from others

正确答案：C

解析：细节题。根据问题中的线索词”eventually”可以确定这道题所对应的出

题句可能在最后一段。事实上，它对应的是末段第二句”Such co-operation is likely

to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated”，答案选项说到的正

好是这个意思。

25． What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.

B．Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.

C．Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.

D．Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。可根据文章最后一段的最后一句话得到答案。

Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking

would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence

was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to

destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of

Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers

went to early graves. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave

after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was

a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell

us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely

man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The

president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface

to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers, but science does provide us

with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the

world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide

concerning the future consequences of present actions”. Just as on smoking,

voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming

is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.

This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too

late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an

insurance policy now. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention.

But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global

warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more

research—a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”. To serve as responsible

stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic

research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the

legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.

A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer

financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the

country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If

we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be

environmentally sound.

26． An argument made by supporters of smoking was that ______.

A．there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death

B．the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant

C．people had the freedom to choose their own way of life

D．antismoking people were usually talking nonsense

正确答案：C

解析：事实推断题。可根据第一段的第三句话推断，这一句话，是以赞成吸

烟的人的口气说的：反吸烟的人是要破坏我们的生活方式，政府应站到一边去，

意思就是说他们的生活方式应该由自己选择，其他人无权干涉。

27． According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as ______.

A．a protector

B．a judge

C．a critic

D．a guide

正确答案：D

解析：细节判断题。本题答案可根据第二段最后一句来判断，答案为句中原

文。

28． What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis”(Last line, paragraph

4)?

A．Endless studies kill action.

B．Careful investigation reveals truth.

C．Prudent planning hinders progress.

D．Extensive research helps decision-making.

正确答案：A

解析：语义判断题。根据题干可以找到原文的出题句，是文章倒数第二段的

最后一句：Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a

classic case of “paralysis by analysis”, 根据这个出题句，我们得知这句话的意思

是”不是采取行动，他们而是继续去进行研究—一个典型的’X’案例(X表示本题

被猜测的对象)。根据这句话中的”instead”我们就得知，”X”一定不是具体的行动，

而应该是研究(re search)，这句话中的破折号相当于冒号，表示对前句话的解释

说明。四个选项中只有答案选项有这样的意思。

29． According to the author, what should the Administration do about global

warming?

A．Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.

B．Raise public awareness of conservation.

C．Press for further scientific research.

D．Take some legislative measures,

正确答案：D

解析：综合推断题。作者在第三段指出，如果等把危险的证据全都找到后再

来采取补救措施就晚了，随着危险的日益明显和加剧，现在就应开始保险的政策。

30． The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking

because ______.

A．they both suffered from the government’s negligence

B．a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former

C．the outcome of the latter aggravates the former

D．both of them have turned from bad to worse

正确答案：B

解析：综合推断题。作者以烟民的教训开篇，目的是要指出环保不能犯类似

的错误。也就是说，如果我们现在认为科学还不能完全证明环境破坏会带来的后

果，而只是一定程度上的推测，因为这不意识到危险，不采取措施，终究也会受

到惩罚的。

Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least

within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended

and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that

dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late

1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the

random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now

researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,

regulating moods while the brain is “off-line”. And one leading authority says that

these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought

under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream”, says

Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center, “If you don’t

like it, change it”. Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is

as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—

as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh, But

not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional

brain”) is especially active, while the pre frontal cortex (the center of intellect and

reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and

those feelings can stay with us all day”, says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William

Dement. The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in

Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,

progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working

through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is

occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the

day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream. And this process need not be

left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over

recur ring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the

dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time occurs, try to

wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to,

literally, do it in their sleep. At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to

pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of “we wake up in

a panic”, Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of

insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares

should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working

through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the

morning.

31． Researchers have come to believe that dreams ______.

A．can be modified in their courses

B．are susceptible to emotional changes

C．reflect our innermost desires and fears

D．are a random outcome of neural repairs

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。第一段最后一句”...can be not only harnessed but actually

brought under conscious control，to help us sleep and ”，这正是答案选

项所表达的意思。

32． By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ______.

A．its function in our dreams

B．the mechanism of REM sleep

C．the relation of dreams to emotions

D．its difference from the prefrontal cortex

正确答案：C

解析：推理题。该段段首提出大脑成像的证据支持这一观点，继续往上推，

观点是关于梦与情绪的。而这里提到的limbic system是大脑成像的一部分。

33． The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ______.

A．aggravate in our unconscious mind

B．develop into happy dreams

C．persist till the time we fall asleep

D．show up in dreams early at night

正确答案：D

解析：事实判断题。根据第三段第二、三句话可判断答案。

34． Cartwright seems to suggest that ______.

A．waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

B．visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

C．dreams should be left to their natural progression

D．dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

正确答案：D

解析：细节题。Cartwright认为”one can exercise conscious control over

recurring bad dreams”，答案选项实际上是换了一种方式表达这个意思。

35． What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad

dreams?

A．Lead your life as usual.

B．Seek professional help.

C．Exercise conscious control.

D．Avoid anxiety in the daytime.

正确答案：A

解析：事实判断题。在最后一段，Cartwright指出”there’s probably little reason

to pay attention to our dreams at all less they keep us from sleeping of ‘we wake up in

a panic’”，最后一句话他又指出”those suffering from persistent nightmares should

seek help from a therapist．For the rest of us，the brain has its ways of working

through bad feelings．Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you’ll fell better in the

morning”．可见，对于有时做恶梦的人大可以lead your life as usual。

Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing,

to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such

command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of

Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist

and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of

1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English. Blaming

the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the

decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s speciality is language history and change, and

he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more

regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. But the cult of the

authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal

speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an

elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well

regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally,

in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim

real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking,

spontaneity over craft. Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from

both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.

But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a

linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including

non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no

language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas, He is not arguing,

as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.

Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of

memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that

would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges

that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education

reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.

We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but

probably an inevitable one.

36． According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ______.

A．is inevitable in radical education reforms

B．is but all too natural in language development

C．has caused the controversy over the counter-culture

D．brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s

正确答案：B

解析：推理题。根据第二段最后一句可知。

37． The word “talking,(Line 5, Paragraph 3) denotes ______.

A．modesty

B．personality

C．liveliness

D．informality

正确答案：D

解析：语义判断题。根据上下文这里本来应用express或相关的词，用talk

显然是一种诙谐的手段，就是想以此作为美国语言不正式的一个注脚。

38． To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?

A．Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.

B．Black English can be more expressive than standard English.

C．Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.

D．Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.

正确答案：A

解析：综合判断题。根据第四段最后一句麦克沃特并不认为”We can no longer

think straight because we do not talk proper”可以推断出答案。其它选项都不能找到

依据。

39． The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s

______.

A．interest in their language

B．appreciation of their efforts

C．admiration for their memory

D．contempt for their old-fashionedness

正确答案：B

解析：综合推理题。作者提到俄罗斯人对自己语言的热爱是用来与美国人漠

视自己语言的做法形成对比，在结合前面提到的美国语言的现状，可以推断通过

这个例子，作者表达了对此作法的欣赏。

40． According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ______.

A．temporary is to “permanent”

B．radical is to “conservative”

C．functional is to “artistic”

D．humble is to “noble”

正确答案：C

解析：类比判断。这道题对应的是原文的倒数第二句话，它的意思是”也许

我们现在用纸盘子，而非瓷盘子，盛着我们的英语大餐”。这是类比的位置。我

们可以看前一句，前一句说”麦克沃特先生认为正式英语不可或缺，也没有提出

教育改革，其实只是为那些美好事物。而不是实用品的消失而哀叹”。在这句话

中提到了两个东西，一个是美好事物，一个是实用品。接下来，作者说了纸盘子

而非瓷盘子。纸盘子明显是一种实用品，而瓷盘子是前一句话所说的美好事物，

也就是艺术方面的东西。当然，作者说”美好事物和实用品”用的也是—种类比。

他是以美好事物比喻那些正式的英文，比方说诗歌。而用实用品比喻日常生活中

口语化的英文。但在刚才的上下文中，由前一句话就可以看出，纸盘子和瓷盘子

所对应的东西：实用品和艺术品。这样”功能对艺术”就是正确答案。

Part B (10 points)

41． In the following text, some sentences have been removed. Choose the

most suitable one from the list A—G refit into each of the numbered blank. There are

two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps. Canada’s premiers (the

leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining

about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something,

to reduce health-care costs. They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the

fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs. (41)______.

What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care

—to say nothing of reports from other experts—recommended the creation of a

national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,

bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work

with Ottawa, and create a national institution. (42)______. But “national”

doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial—provinces

combining efforts to create one body. Either way, one benefit of a “national”

organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drag manufacturers.

Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within a province—negotiate

a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on

behalf of all provinces. Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven

million people, the national agency would negotiate on be half of 31 million people.

Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the

likelihood of a better price. (43)______. A small step has been taken in the

direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office

for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a

Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be

included. Predictably, and regrettably Quebec refused to join. A few premiers are

suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and

Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings

attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while

drug costs keep rising fast. (44)______. Premiers love to quote Mr.

Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps

they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would

provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to try to

constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs”. (45)______. So when the

premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should

also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets

and patients.A. Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One

of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s

Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per

cent to 26.8 per cent!B. Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying

power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance

plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies”.C. What

does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a

federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.D.

The problem is simple and stark: health-care cost have been, are, and will continue to

increase faster than government revenues.E. According to the Canadian Institute for

Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of

overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to

replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than

older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.F. So, if the provinces want to run the

health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial

health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province

from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.G. Of course

the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby

better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another.

They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause

others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest

would lead them to deal with it.

正确答案：E

解析：这一空的前面出现一个关键词pharmaceutical costs”，这个词语表示的

意思是药价，根据衔接连贯里的词汇复现原则，本空当中很有可能出现药价的概

念。后面文字紧接着提到”what to do”，所以显然本空里面说的应该是一个问题，

一个现象、一个事实。只有选项E说根据某某机构的观点，自从1997年以来，

处方药价格的增长速率是全国健康福利支出增长速度的2倍。这种增长一部分是

因为药品代替了某些治疗手段，一部分是因为新药品的价格总是比老药品价格

高。所以正确答案为E。

42．

正确答案：C

解析：空后文字非常典型，提到But” national” doesn’t have to mean that．很

明显这是一个转折，表明本空所填的选项要和这一句话形成转折关系，而且空里

面要出现” national”的定义，就是说很有可能要出现”national”这个词。而C选项

提到，national是什么意思?Roy Romanow和Micael Kirby建议建立一个类似于最

近成立的国家健康委员会之类的联邦政府和省政府一体的机构。非常明显，只有

这一个选项带有national这个词，所以本空选C。

43．

正确答案：G

解析：空前文字举例说明全国性代理机构的好处，举了魁北克的例子，说魁

北克如果独自跟药厂谈判的话，只能代表700万人，而全国性代理机构，跟药厂

谈判的话，代表的就有3100万人，而且基本经济学原理也表明，潜在的顾客群

如果越大，价格电就越低。所以可判断下面是说这种办法实施的可能性，可能与

否首先与能否遇到阻力有关，也就是说这样做的话，是存在阻力的，药厂一开始

会不会答应呢?所以，选项应该围绕着这个问题来选，正确答案为G，很好的保

持了文章的一致性。G选项说”当然药厂不会同意，他们喜欢散客买家，那样他

们可以暗中运作，他们甚至可能会威胁着要把一个省的工作机会转移到另一个

省，他们可能会认为如果一个省把一种药包括在一个药单上，就会迫使其他的省

把这种药也包括在药单上，他们不会喜欢全国性代理机构。但是，出于利益的驱

使，他们又不得不这样做。

44．

正确答案：F

解析：空前有两段文字。第一段最后提到魁北克拒绝加入全国性代理机构。

而第二段提到有很多省的政府官员对于这种全国性代理机构持怀疑态度，这些官

员只希望首都渥太华出钱，他们自己并不想出钱，这就是为什么到目前为止这个

办法还没有向全国推广的一个很重要的原因。可以发现这里仍然存在推行全国性

代理机构的设想所遇到的阻力，阻力一是来自于药厂，二是来自这些省本身。接

下来当然会谈到怎么处理这个阻力。而F选项非常明确的说明了”所以如果某些

省想完成健康福利的任务，他们就必须有完成这个任务的能力，他们必须开一张

省际单子，他们还必须节约管理费用，防止一个省和另一个省之间的斗争，而且

还要尽量争取更好的药价”。

45．

正确答案：B

解析：这个空不难。空前文字提到也许这些官员们应该读一读Roy Romanow

的关于药品的论述，当然这个空应该接着谈，还可以读一读前面文章提到的另外

一个人Mica el Kirby的关于药品的论述，这两个人在前面的文章里面都是同时

被提到的，而且他们都提倡说建立一个这样全国性机构非常不错，所以本空选B。

B选项说或者他们可以读一读Micael Kirby的报告”这样一个机构的内在购买力，

将进一步加强实施公共处方药保险计划，将保证从药厂可以以最低价格买药”。

Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the

underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

46． It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this

overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become

confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.

(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed

—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and

nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be

any thing other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in

mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. (47)In Europe, as

elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring

together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in

relation to one another. One Italian ex ample would be the Berlusconi group, while

abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind. Clearly, only the biggest and most

flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and

hotly-contested market. (48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not

an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty

European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989. Moreover,

the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to

cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. (49)Creating

a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to

make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a

strategic choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails

reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to

experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own. In order to

achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange

of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements

between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television

Production which, on the model of European Investments Bank, will handle the

finances necessary for production costs. (50)In dealing with a challenge on such a

scale it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”.—and if I had to

choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity”. A unity of objectives that

nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.

正确答案：电视是制造和传播这种情绪的媒介之一(手段之一、方式之—)，

在加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系方面，电视也许还从来没有像在最近的欧洲

事件中那样起过如此大的作用。

解析：这是一个复杂句，第一个采分点是一个被动语态的翻译，如果照字面

翻译：”电视”是一种手段或者媒介，通过这个手段前面讲的情绪，被制造出来和

表达出来。如这样翻译的话，就违反了中文表达的习惯，就不能够通顺的表达你

的意思。所以应把英文的被动语态翻译成中文的主动语态。下面的采分点就是倒

装句，把一个否定的词放在句子前面，形成一个倒装。这句话的翻译一定要注意，

要把整个的句子看懂，进行词性、语序的转换。不可以开始就说”从来也没有”。

所以，应把”从来也没有如此大的作用”，放在句子的末尾处。

47．

正确答案：和其他地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团越来越成熟，这些集团把相

互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社组合到了一起。

解析：本句结构较复杂，词汇也是要难一些的。首先注意conveyed和so

much…as in的理解。下面半句话有一个定语从句离主干的句子比较远，在句子

的末处，但是翻译的时候必须要提前。

48．

正确答案：仅这一点就表明在电视行业里生存不那么容易，这个事实通过统

计数字也是一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不下

50%。

解析：首先要弄清this指代什么。代词的后面有一个副词”alone”，这个”alone”

是一个采分点，”alone”的翻译应该是”仅此一点”的意思，不要翻译成”电视行业

生存不那么容易”，要翻译成”在电视行业里生存是不那么容易的”。下面还有一

个稍微难一点的结构，”underlined”，考了它一个特殊的意义，就是”强调”或”凸

显”的意思。

49．

正确答案：创造一个能尊重不同文化和传统的”欧洲统一体”并可以构成一个

连接整个旧大陆(欧洲大陆)的网络不是一项容易的任务，需要策略性的选择。

解析：这句话关键是弄清主语是creating引导的分词短语，而在这个分词短

语中，that引导定语从句修饰identity，在定语从句中，which引导定语从句修饰

cultures and traditions。

50．

正确答案：在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说：”

团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去”。

解析：这是整个翻译当中最短的一个句子，这个句子是改写美国总统肯尼迪

的一句话”United，there is little we cannot do；divided，there is little we can do”．中

文是”团结，我们无所不能；分裂，我们一事无成”。

Section III Writing

Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the

following information. (10 points)

51． Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs &

Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit.

Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision stating your reason(s),

and making an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it

neatly and do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead.

You do not need to write the address.

正确答案：Dear Mr. Wang, I am sorry to write to inform you that I decide to

resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved that I find in

tolerable. First of all, the salary has proven to be much lower than you had

originally promised, and I have a large family to support, In addition, the office is

located in the downtown area, but I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to

spend over three hours commuting every day. The last but not the least, I feel rather

disappointed and left out on the job itself as in the past two months I was never given

any really important responsibility. I sincerely hope that you approve of my

resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Yours sincerely, Li

Ming

解析： 题目要求是两个月前，你得到了一份工作，担任《设计与时尚》

杂志的编辑。但是现在你发现工作并不是你想象当中那么如意，所以你决定辞职。

写一封信给你的老板工先生，告诉他你的决定，说明你的理由，表示你的歉意。

这实际上就是一封辞职信。这封信里要交代三个事；第一，告诉他你的决定；第

二，说明你的理由；第三，表示你的道歉。看到这道题以后，要会把题变通，尽

管题目里面没有三点提纲；但是实际上就是要求做三件事情。具体来说，这一道

题只需要一百个词左右，也就是6到8句。第一句话应该是开门见山，就是我写

信的意图是什么?中间说明理由，这是信的主体，最后表示歉意，话就可以了。

Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following

information. (20 points)

52． Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following drawing, In

your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give

your comment on it. You should write neatly.

正确答案： The cartoon vividly presents a picture how three sons and a

daughter treat their old, helpless father. They each stand in a different comer of a

football field. The eldest son kicks out the father, who huddles up like a ball. The

other children are prepared to ward him off. Cruelly, none of them is willing to

receive their father. The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a

common phenomenon in today’s society: many grown-up children refuse to support

their aging parents. While they enjoy a comfortable life, their parents are neglected

and reduced to utter poverty, as these elderly people have grown so physically weak

that they no longer have the means to support themselves. I think these children have

betrayed their own conscience and therefore may subject them selves to social

contempt and criticism. According to Chinese culture, to be kind to one’s parents

is the height of virtue. We owe so much to our patents in that they not only gave us

life but have done much in brining us up. It is against nature for us to shirk the

responsibility of taking care of our parents when they are old. Rather, we have the

duty to pay back their love by making their later years enjoyable and happy.

解析： 这是一篇图画作文，先描述图，再谈看法。漫画中间是一个蜷缩

成一团的老人，漫画左上右上，左下，右下分别为老人的大儿子、二儿子、小儿

子和小女儿。每个人后面均有一个足球门。不难推测大致意思是现在的子女都不

赡养父母，将父母像足球一样踢来踢去。 所以，第一段应该先对图画进行描

述，让大家大概的明白，明白这幅图画是什么意思，最后用两句描述一下就可以

了，这是第一个自然段。核心的段落，应该是在第二段。第二段就是把这幅漫画

的意图要说清楚，也就是说它给我们带来什么样的思考?我们要通过现象看本质，

为什么会是这样?这些年轻人到底怎么了?这些老年人为什么会是现在这种状况

呢?人都是要老的，是不是会让我们意识到一点，我们现在如此对待老年人，把

他像足球一样踢来踢去，如果假设真是这样的话，那这个老年人的今天也有可能

就是你自己的明天，这些都是有感而发的。第三段里面，给出一些建议措施，怎

么样解决这个社会问题。