目录
1、简单句的句型结构：
1-1、简单句
1-2、句子组织的5步骤：
2、否定句：
3、倒装句（就近原则）：
4、一般疑问句：
5、特殊疑问句：
6、There be 句型：
7、祈使句：
8、冠词：
9、代词
9-1、人称代词：
9-2、指示代词：
9-3、反身代词：
10、介词
10-1、介词 prep
10-2、时间前是否加介词
11、副词
11-1、副词和形容词的区别：
11-2、频率副词：
11-3、地点副词：
11-4、方式副词：
11-5、adj.-- >adv之规则：
12、名词
12-1、名词所有格：
12-2、名词单数-复数的规则：
12-3、不可数名词
13、量词
14、动词
14-1、情态动词
14-1-1、Can：
14-1-2、must：
14-2、助动词（Do）：
14-3、动词第三人称单数：
14-4、have
14-5、感官动词：
14-6、动词过去式的不规则变化：
15、现在进行时态
16、一般将来时态
17、一般现在时态
17-1、一般现在时态
17-2、一般现在时&现在进行时
18、一般过去时态：
18-1、一般过去时态：
18-1、There be 句型的过去式
1、简单句的句型结构：
1-1、简单句
主+谓
主+谓+宾
主+谓+宾+宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
主+系+表
She is beautiful.
主 系 表（表语指修饰主语的，系动词就是过渡连系作用）；
I wash
my hands.
主 谓 宾 （宾语是承受者，有动作作用于宾语的叫谓语） ；
They are busy .
主 系 表
He
is running.（is是现在进行时的助动词）
主 谓
She
is reading
a book.
主 谓 宾
She is beautiful. 连系动词
You must do it. 情态动词
I wash my hands. 实义动词
She is running. 助动词
1-2、句子组织的5步骤：
谁 ？—— 主语
干了什么 ？—— 谓语+宾语
如何干的 ？—— 方式状语
在哪儿干的 ？—— 地点状语
何时干的 ？—— 时间状语
-
他每天开心地在家等她。(He waits for her happily at home every day) .
谁 ？ He
干了什么 ？waits for her
如何干的 ？happily
在哪儿干的 ？at home
何时干的 ？every day
-
我昨天忙碌地在商场买了很多鞋。(I bought many shoes busily in the mall yesterday).
谁 ？ I
干了什么 ？bought many shoes
如何干的 ？busily
在哪儿干的 ？in the mall
何时干的 ？yesterday
-
他上周匆忙地离开了。（He left hurriedly last week）
谁 ？ He
干了什么 ？left
如何干的 ？hurriedly
在哪儿干的 ？........
何时干的 ？last week
2、否定句：
功能：说不
构成：
It is my name .--It is not my name.
She is pretty.--she is not pretty.
You are busy.--You are not busy.
I am listening .---I am not listening.
Do it ! /Don't do it !
Come in ! /Don't come in !
Don't smoke !
Don't drop it ! 别摔了
Don't do that ! 别这么做！
Don't put it there ! 别放在那儿！
Don't work ! 不要工作了！
Don't smoke !
No smoking !
No U turn 不准调头
No parking 不准停车
3、倒装句（就近原则）：
Your umbrella and your coat
are here.(正常的句子，名词是两个，谓语就用复数)；
你的雨伞和外套在这里。
Here
's your umbrella and your coat.（here提前后就是倒装句，谓语动词应用就近原则）；
这里是你的雨伞和外套。
4、一般疑问句：
功能：询问
构成：be 动词置于句前 be —— am , is , are
5、特殊疑问句：
what、whose、how、who、which、where
#1 特殊疑问词+be+名词
#2 特殊疑问词+名词+be+...
what +be +名词
what +名词+be
what is your name? /what is your job?
what color/time/make/nationality is __?
whose+be +名词
whose+名词+be
whose is this shirt ?= whose shirt is this ?
whose is that phone?=whose phone is that?
How +be +名词
How are you ?
How is Sam ?
How is the weather?
who+be+名词
Who is that young man ? 那个年轻人是谁 ？
which +be+名词
which+名词+be
which is your book ?=which book is yours ? 哪一本是你的书 ？
where is/are +名词......?
where are you ? 你在哪儿？
6、There be 句型：
-
构成：There be(is,are)+地点
-
用法：
拥有 have
存在 There be .....
There is ...+ 单数名词
There are ....+ 复数名词
There is one in my heart 那有一个人在我心里（错误）/
我心里有一个人（正确，要根据汉语特点来翻译）
There is a cooker in the kitchen
There are two chairs in the kitchen
7、祈使句：
-
动词+... (
没有主语，动词打头，
用来表示命令、请求、建议等
);
表示命令：动词原形+... come in./ shut the door./ open the window./ air the room.....
表示请求：please+动词原形+.... please give it to me.
表示建议：let's+动词原形+.... let's go,ok ?
-
be+非动词（adj./prep./n./....）
Be careful !
Be happy !
Be good !
Be early !
Be here!
Be a good boy!
-
双宾语：give \show \take \teach .....
Give it to me.
give sth.to sb
=give sb. sth.
the vase :sth(some thing). me:sb(somebody)..
You
give
the vase
to me.
主 谓 宾 宾
You give me
the vase.
主 谓 宾 宾
I give some money to him.=I give him some money.
I give a flower to my mother.=I give my mother a flower.
I give her a candy= I give a candy to her. 我给了她一个糖果。
I show my new car to him.= I show him my new car.
There we are= we are there. 就这么着吧！/就到这儿吧！
8、冠词：
-
概念：戴着名词头上的帽子，没有特殊情况不能摘帽子
-
包括：a/ an /the
-
意思：a/an 一个，一间，一台、
the 这，那，这些，那些
定冠词 the -- 确定的，知道的
不定冠词 a\an -- 不确定的、不知道的
There is a monk. 那儿有一个和尚。
The monk is jack. 那个和尚叫Jack.
总结：初次出现，不了解，不确定，用不定冠词a\an，再次出现，了解了，用定冠词the
an + 元音发音开头的单词，其余用a
an egg、an orange、an hour
戴在名词头上的帽子，没有特殊情况不能宅帽子（特殊情况：国家、国籍、人名、城市名）。
I am from China / I like Beijing. / She is Japanese
9、代词
9-1、人称代词：
|
第..人称人称
|
|
主格
|
宾格
|
形容词性物主代词
|
名词性物主代词
|
中文意思
|
|
第一人称
|
单数
|
I
|
me
|
my
|
mine
|
我的
|
|
复数
|
we
|
us
|
our
|
ours
|
我们的
|
|
第二人称
|
单数
|
you
|
you
|
your
|
yours
|
你的
|
|
复数
|
you
|
you
|
your
|
yours
|
你们的
|
|
第三人称
|
单数
|
he,she,it
|
him,her,it
|
his,her,its
|
his,hers,its
|
他的，她的，它的
|
|
复数
|
they
|
them
|
their
|
theirs
|
他们的，她们的，它们的
|
9-2、指示代词：
the是冠词只能用在名词前面修饰名词，不能单独使用；
this,that是指示代词，不仅限于修饰名词，且可以单独使用，如：I like this/that；
this 这个 — these 这些
that 那个 — those 那些
This is his watch / These are their watches
Here is my ticket/my ticket is here（英语中重点先行，常用第一种句式，把here放前面）；
9-3、反身代词：
第一，第二人称：用物主代词+self
第三人称：用人称代词+self
|
|
我（们）自己
|
你（们）自己
|
他自己
|
她自己
|
它自己
|
|
单数
|
myself
|
yourself
|
himself
|
herself
|
itself
|
|
复数
|
ourselves
|
yourselves
|
themselves
|
a、强调主语&宾语
He
himself sent me a gift. 他亲自送我一件礼物。
I see Obama
himself. 我见了奥巴马本人。
b、不言而喻的宾语
Take good care of
yourself.
好好照顾自己
Enioy
yourself.
a、介词+反身代词
by oneself 独自、依靠自己
I'm going to swim by myself.
He's going ti lean English by himself.
between oneself 私下
It's just between ourselves. 这是我们之间的秘密
b、动词+反身代词
enjoy oneself 玩的开心，过的愉快
They always enjoy themselves.
help oneself 随意
Help yourselves, please. (朋友到家做客，让他随意些的表达)
10、介词
10-1、介词 prep
on、in、
of 属于
near 靠近，旁边
off 离开
over 跨越，上方
between 两者之间
alone 沿着
in front of 前面
behind 后面
under 下面
across 穿过
The book
is on the desk . 那本书在桌子上（句子）
The book on the desk . 在桌子上的那本书（介词短语）
—— 句子中使用介词时，别忘记动词，否则就不是句子，而是介词短语，且翻译也不同；
介词短语：
on the right
on the left
in the front of
因为这些方位词都是名词，只能借用一些固定的介词修饰，构成短语才能使用；
10-2、时间前是否加介词
at + 时间点
on + 天
in + 月、季、年
I am going to see him
at ten o'clock.
It's cold
in winter and hot
in summer.
today\ tomorrow\ yesterday\
this...\that...\next....\last.....
It's sunny today.
I'm going to meet some friends tomorrow.
He is going to go abroad next year.
11、副词
11-1、副词和形容词的区别：
a busy day,a pretty girl...
a、修饰adj.
-I am tired. -I am
very tired. -I am
so tired.
-I am
too tired. - I am
awfully tired.
b、修饰 v.
I love you.
I love you
very much.
I love you
deeply.
I am
very tired.
I swim
well. 我游泳游的很好。
I love you
very much. 我非常爱你。
hard work 艰苦的工作 adj.
work hard 努力地工作 adv
11-2、频率副词：
-
频率副词：
never、seldom 、sometimes、often、usually、always
-
频率副词的位置：
通常情、系后，实义前 (不是绝对的，具体也要看语境)
He can
never sleep.
She is
seldom ill.
He
always loves her.
I can never remember.
I never can remember. 我永远也记不住。（表示语气坚决了）
11-3、地点副词：
home/ there /here/ upstairs/ downstairs.....
stay here
go there
come upstairs
go downstairs
stay at home
11-4、方式副词：
地点副词：here，there，home
频率副词：always，often，sometimes
时间副词：today，yesterday...
方式副词：slowly，suddenly，quickly ...
11-5、adj.-- >adv之规则：
1>.一般直接+ly,如 quickly
2>.辅+y结尾，变y为i+ly，如lazy-lazyily, happy-happily；
3>.以ll-结尾，直接+y，如fully.
4>.辅音+le，e变y，如able-ably,single-singly ;
5>.元音+e结尾，去e+ly, true-truly.
12、名词
12-1、名词所有格：
' s+名词 ,
有生命的：
-
Lucy 's friend lucy的朋友
-
Lily's book Lily 的书.
-
my mother's bag 我妈妈的包
-
my father's watch 我爸爸的手表
-
Jim and jack's room Jim和Jack的房间（房间属于二人共有）
-
Jim's and Jack's rooms Jim和Jack的房间（有两间房，两人单独一个房间）
-
The lady over there is
Julia and Shelley's
mother.
of , 无生命的：
-
the photo of my school 我学校的照片
-
the name of the song 这首歌的名字
-
the color of my car 我的车的颜色
-
the window of the room 这房间的窗户
12-2、名词单数-复数的规则：
a bus —— buses
a box —— boxes
a brush —— brushes(刷子)
bench — benches
-
以f、fe结尾的变f,fe —— ves /vz/
a wife — wives
a shelf — shelves
a knife — knives (小刀)
a leaf — leaves (树叶)
a potato - potatoes
a tomato - tomatoes
a Negro - Negroes
a hero - heroes
a zoo - zoos
a radio - radios
a photo - photos
-
辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变y - i +es /iz/
a baby - babies
a lady - ladies
a fly - flies
jeans (牛仔裤)、pants (裤子)、shorts (短裤)、glasses
man--men
woman--women
foot--feet
tooth--teeth
child--children
sheep--sheep，fish--fish
clothes
people
hair
12-3、不可数名词
a、液体状的东西：water\tea\coffee\milk\beer
b、物质名词：soap\gold\chocolate\tobacco
c、抽象名词：love\friendship\anger.....
d、无法计算：work\homework\rice\rain....
前面不可以加one、two、three....
前面不可以加a\an；
后面不可以加s，永远是单数
a water \two tea\
some milks \breads ------ 错误的
the beer\ the cheese \some rice -----正确的
a piece of bread 一片面包
a loaf of bread 一个面包
a bar of soap 一条肥皂
a bottle of cola 一瓶可乐
a pound of 一磅的
a tin of cola 一罐可乐
a cup of
a box of
a spoon of suger 一勺糖
-
Are there any +复数/ Is there any + 不可数
Are there any
hammers behind that box ?
Is there any the
bread on the table ?
Is there any
milk in front of the door ?
13、量词
a piece of..... 一片、一块的.....
a loaf of.... 一个、一条的.....
a bar of .... 一条、一块的....
a bottle of ... 一瓶的
a pound of 一磅的
a tin of ... 一罐的
a cup of
a box of
a spoon of
some用在肯定句中；any用在否定、疑问句中
但在表请求、建议的疑问句中用some
Can you lend me some money ? 你可以借我点钱嘛？
Would you like to drink some tea ? 你想喝点茶嘛？
some +单数名词，“某一”
any +单数名词，“任一”
Some day,he can be some one. 某一天，他可能成为个人物
You can buy it in any supermarket. 你可以在任何一个超市买到
14、动词
15-1、情态动词
15-1-1、Can：
You
must go out !
Can you please stand up ?
can 不选人称：
can you help me ? are you ....?
can she do it ? Is she ..... ?
can we swim together ? are we ...?
can they ....? are they.... ?
can + 动词，且原形 ：
can you
help me ? 你可以帮我嘛 ？
can she
do it ? 她可以做这事嘛？
can we
swim together ? 我们可以一起游泳嘛？
can they ....?
He can read it.
Can he read it ?
He can do it .
Can he do it ?
can -- can't cannot
正式用语中不能使用can not，口语中可以使用，起加强语气的作用
must -- mustn't 禁止
语气稍弱时可以用don't need to 表不必；
may -- may not
14-1-2、must：
-
a、疑问：Must I clean the room ? 我必须清扫屋子嘛？
-
b、否定：I
mustn't clean the room. 我不必清扫屋子
mustn't 表绝对不可以，禁止，一般是权威人士，如医生，警察表达，
语气不那么强烈的可换成don't need to (不必，不需要)；
14-2、助动词（Do）：
如何区分用do还是be动词提问：
-
be+形容词/名词/介词时，（用be动词提问：如一般疑问句当中）
Are they
happy ?
Are they
students ?
Are they
on the subway ?
Do you
like coffee ?
Do you
want any sugar ?
Do you
speak English ?
Do you often
eat breakfast ?
注意：在现在进行时态中属于特例，主语+is/am/are + doing；
You are eating breakfast./ Are you eating breakfast (这里是当有be动词优先选用be，没有才用助动词)
-
Do you want any meat today ?
先看词性（动词 or 非动词）：
Are you +非动词 ？
Do you +动词 ？
再看人称（三单 or 非三单 ）：
Do you ......?
Does she \he\it..... ?
Does he study in Beijing ? 他在北京学习嘛？
Do you eat at home ? 你经常在家吃饭嘛？
注：Lily,Sam，Mr.Lee，his，mother，her uncle, this lady,that man,Beijing,the moon 都是第三人称单数形式
be not +形容词/名词/介词....
They are not
happy.
They are not
students.
They ate not
on the subway.
do not +动词
I don't speak English.
You don't often eat breakfast.
14-3、动词第三人称单数：
|
名词的复数
|
动词的第三人称
|
|
A.+s
|
A.+s
|
|
a book--books
|
come--comes
|
|
a bottle--bottles
|
make--makes
|
|
a cat--cats
|
dust--dusts
My mother dusts the table every day
|
|
B. 辅音+y-ies
|
B. 辅音+y-ies
|
|
a lady --ladies
|
study--studies
My sister studies hard every day.
|
|
a baby--babies
|
try--tries
|
|
C. s/sh/ch/x/+es
|
C. s/sh/ch/x/+es
|
|
a watch--watches
|
watch--watches
My dog watches TV every night.
|
|
a bus--buses
|
pass--passes
|
|
a dish--dishes
|
wish--wishes
|
|
D. o+es
|
D. o+es
|
|
a potato--potatoes
|
go--goes
|
|
a hero--heroes
|
do--does
My father does the housework every day
|
14-4、have
I / You/ We have....
He/ she/ it
has...
Do you have ..... ?
Does she/he/it have ....?
don't .... /doesn't....
Do you have a girlfriend ? I don't have a girlfriend.
Does she have a boyfriend ? She doesn't have a boyfriend.
14-5、感官动词：
-
look（看起来）、sound（听起来）、feel（感觉）、taste（尝起来）、smell（闻起来）
-
词性：半系动词，半实义动词
-
半实义动词：
a、人称&时态变化：
do-does、look-looks，sound-sounds，feel-feel，smell-smells，taste-tastes
He looks very busy. 他看起来很忙。
The bread smells yummy. 面包闻起来很香。
b、疑问句：
do/does
Do you cook ? 你做饭嘛？
Do you feel hot ? 你感觉热嘛？
Does the music sound beautiful? 音乐听起来美嘛 ？
c、否定句：
don't/doesn't
I don't cook. 我不做饭
I don't feel hot. 我感觉不热。
The music doesn't sound beautiful.
The bread doesn't smell yummy.
she is
listening to music
carefully./ I
eat my breakfast
quickly. 实义动词-副词
You
look young./ It
tastes good. 感官动词-形容词
You look very hot 你像是很热。
I feel ill/sick. 我觉得不舒服。
The dish tastes good. 这道菜尝起来不错。
The song sounds familiar 这首歌听起来很熟悉。
The food smells
good and sells
well . good和well的区别？？
14-6、动词过去式的不规则变化：
1>、cut - cut 切，割
let - let 让
put - put 放
cost - cost 花费，值
hurt - hurt 使... 伤痛
read - read 读
2>、fly - flew 飞
blow - blew 吹
draw - drew 画
grow - grew 生长
know - knew 知道
3>、begin - began 开始
drink - drank 喝
sing - sang 唱
swim - swam 游泳
4>、feel - felt 感到
keep - kept 保持
leave - left 离开
sleep - slept 睡
sweep - swept 扫
5>、catch - caught 抓
teach - taught 教
6>、meet - met 遇见
get - got 得到
sit - sat 坐
win - won 赢
7>、build - built 建造
send - sent 送，寄
spend - spent 花费
make - made 制造
hear - heard 听见
8>、情态动词的过去式
can - could 能
may - might 也许
must - must 必须
will - would 会
15、现在进行时态
1、一般+ing；
2、以不发音的e结尾，去e+ing.（take—taking）；
3、辅+元+辅（汉堡结构），双写辅音字母+ing（除opening、sharpening、listening.）；
主语+am/is/are(助动词)+doing
Is/am/are+主语+doing ?
What is she doing ? She is teaching.
Where is she teaching? She is teaching in the classroom.
What is she teaching ? She is teaching math.
16、一般将来时态
预先计划和打算要做的事
主+is\am\are+going to
主+is\am\are+going to
+
动词原形
主+is\am\are+going to
+
地点名词
主+is\am\are+going to
be + 非动词
I am going to
swim this weekend. 我打算周末去游泳。
He is going to
buy a new car. 他打算买辆新的。
We are going to
Shanghai. 我们打算去上海。
I am going to
be busy next week. 我打算下周开始忙起来。
He is going to
be at home this weekend. 他计划这周末待家里。
They are going to
be in Beijing
. 他们打算以后在北京。
疑问：be 提前
否定：be+not
Is she going to swim this weekend ? 她打算周末去游泳吗？
She
is not going to swim this weekend ? 她补打算周末去游泳。
17、一般现在时态
17-1、一般现在时态
经常的状态；
习惯的动作
真理
经常的状态；主语+is\am\are +非动词
习惯的动作；主语+v. (动词)
真理；主语+is\am\are，主语+v.
The earth is round.
The sun rises in the east.
主语+v.
主语为非三单+动词原形
主语为三单+动词s\es
注：非三单：第一，第二，第三人称复数（I ,we , you , they）
三单：第三人称单数，she,he ,it
My dog
watches TV at night；
The student
goes to school on foot.
Sam and
eat together
They drink beer every night.
Do they drink beer every night ?
He loves his girlfriend very much .
Does he love his girlfriend very much ?
They drink beer every night.
They don't drink beer every night .
He loves his grilfriend very much .
He
doesn't love his girlfriend very much.
17-2、一般现在时&现在进行时
a、一般现在：
习惯的状态、经常的动作、真理；
b、现在进行：
此时此刻正在做、一段时间内做。
a、一般现在：主语+is\am\are，主语+v.
b、现在进行：主语+is\am\are+doing
a、一般现在：every...always,usually,often,sometimes
b、现在进行：now,at the moment.....
I usually have lunch at 12:00,But I am having lunch now at 2:00.
—— 我通常12点吃饭，但今天都这会儿了，2点才吃；
He usually draws at 7:00, But he is drawing now today.
—— 他通常7点画画，但今天现在在画；
18、一般过去时态：
18-1、一般过去时态：
|
一般现在时态
|
一般过去时态
|
|
a、经常的状态：
主语+is\am\are
|
a、过去经常的状态：
主语+was\were
|
|
b、习惯的动作：
主语+v. (动词)
|
b、过去习惯的动作：
主语+v.(did)
|
|
c、真理
主语+is\am\are
主语+v.(动词)
|
|
she is beautiful / she was beautiful.
He is a boy / He was a boy .
You are at home /you were at home.
I was in red 当时我穿着红色的衣服
My chin was in my left hand. 当时我左手托着腮帮。
1>、一般情况+ed，call-called，air-aired;
2>、以字母e结尾+d, live-lived，love-loved;
3>、以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ed, try--tried，study-studied;
4>、辅+元+辅（汉堡包结构），将辅音字母双写+ed，stop--stopped;
5>、特殊结构：go--went，make--made;
I studied in the US in 2010. 我2010年在美国学习；
The bus stopped just now. 公车刚刚停下来了。
They lived in New York two years ago. 他们两年前居住在纽约。
I aired the room this morning. 我上午给房间通风了。
I went to Xingjiang six years ago.
I made a snow man last winter.
疑问词：Did+动词？
否定句：Didn't +动词
I watched "Toy Story 3"last month. 我上个月看了玩具总动员3.
Did you watch "Toy Story 3"last month.
I didn't watch "Toy Story 3"last month.
I cleaned my room this morning.
Did you clean your room this morning.
I didn't clean my room this morning.
18-1、There be 句型的过去式
1、构成：There be(was,were )+地点
2、用法：拥有--have, 存在---there be....
3、分类：There was... + 单数名词
There were...+ 复数名词
4、使用：
There were hundreds of
guests in the hotel yesterday. 酒店昨天有很多客人
There were many
foreigners in Beijing
during（在...期间） the Olympic Games. 奥运会时北京的老外特别的多。
There was a river here before. 从前这里有一条河。
5、疑问句：(was/were提前)
Was there a river here before?
Were there so many subway lines in Beijing? 以往北京也有这么多地铁线嘛？
Was there
litter on the
pavement yesterday ? 人行道上昨天有垃圾嘛？
6、否定句:（was/were+not）
There was not a river here before. 从前这里没有河.
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