【渝粤题库】陕西师范大学200621 英语词汇学 作业

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《英语词汇学》作业

I. Define the following terms. Write your answers on the answer sheet.

1. specialized dictionary
2. collective meaning
3. semantic transfer
4. antonym
5. old English
6. a variation of an idiom
7. morphs
8. synonym
9. morpheme
10. semantic motivation
11. a variation of an idiom
12. morphs
13. synonym
14. morpheme
15. semantic motivation
16. blending
17. homonymy
18. the central meaning
19. inflectional morphemes
20. dictionary

II. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by circling A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet.

1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example. _______
   A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy
2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: _______
   A. humor B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above
3. The four major modes of semantic change are _______.
   A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation
   B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation
   C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation
   D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation
4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _______.
   A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor
5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _______.
   A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words
6. Grammatical context refers to _______ in which a word is used.
   A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure
7. In the idiom “in good feather”, we change “good” into “high, full” without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _______ .
   A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation
8. The phrase “return ticket” is _______.
   A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated
   C. semantically motivated D. logically motivated
9. CCELD is distinctive for its _______.
   A. clear grammar codes B. language notes C. usage notes D. extra columns
10. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?
    A. dorm B. motel C. gent D. zoo
11. An idiom is characterized by _______.
    A. semantic unity
    B. structural stability
    C. non-motivation
    D. all the above
12. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: _______.
    A. ad for “advertisement”
    B. dish for “food”
    C. fond for “affectionate”
    D. an editorial for “an editorial article”
13. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over _______.
    A. the reader’s interpretation
    B. the neighbouring words
    C. the writer’s intention
    D. the etymology of the word
14. Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?
    A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi-
15. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?
    A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
    B. Chamber’s Encyclopedic English Dictionary
    C. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs
    D. Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms
16. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
    A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.
    B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.
    C. Concept is universal to all men alike.
    D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.
17. The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form _______.
    A. physical context
    B. grammatical context
    C. lexical context
    D. linguistic context
18. “Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Centre.” The clue provided in the context is _______.
    A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponymy
19. The term “vocabulary” is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that _______.
    A. it can refer to the common core of a language
    B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language
    C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period
    D. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field
20. The idiom “a dark horse” is _______.
    A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy D. personification
21. An idiom is characterized by _______.
    A. semantic unity
    B. structural stability
    C. non-motivation
    D. all the above
22. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: _______.
    A. ad for “advertisement”
    B. dish for “food”
    C. fond for “affectionate”
    D. an editorial for “an editorial article”
23. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over _______.
    A. the reader’s interpretation
    B. the neighbouring words
    C. the writer’s intention
    D. the etymology of the word
24. Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?
    A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi-
25. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?
    A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
    B. Chamber’s Encyclopedic English Dictionary
    C. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs
    D. Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms
26. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
    A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.
    B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.
    C. Concept is universal to all men alike.
    D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.
27. The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form _______.
    A. physical context
    B. grammatical context
    C. lexical context
    D. linguistic context
28. “Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Centre.” The clue provided in the context is _______.
    A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponymy
29. The term “vocabulary” is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that _______.
    A. it can refer to the common core of a language
    B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language
    C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period
    D. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field
30. The idiom “a dark horse” is _______.
    A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy D. personification
31. The relationship between the linguistic sign and a referent is _______.
    A．conventional B．non-conventional
    C．concrete D．specific
32. The way to define an antonym is based on _______.
    A．contradiction B．contrariness
    C．oppositeness D．relativeness
33. The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by _______.
    A．Roget’s Thesaurus B．Concise Oxford Dictionary
    C．New Webster’s Dictionary D．Co-build Dictionary
34. Context _______ meaning.
    A．explains B．interprets C．defines D．all the above
35. Though still at work today, _______ can hardly compare with what it was in the past.
    A．word-formation B．borrowing C．derivation D．conversion
36. Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally _______.
    A．movable B．unstable
    C．unchangeable D．understandable
37. Sentence idioms can be divided into _______.
    A．declarative and imperative B．interrogative and exclamative
    C．verbal and adverbial D．both A and B
38. _______ is considered to be a highly-inflected language.
    A．Old English B．Middle English
    C．Early Modern English D．Late Modern English
39. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be _______.
    A．affixational B．derivational C．free D．bound
40. The introduction of _______ at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.
    A．printing B．Christianity C．French words D．all the above

III. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers on the answer sheet.

1. What is the difference between a root and a stem? Illustrate your points with examples.
2. Explain initialism and acronym and the difference between them.
3. What is the role of context?
4. Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?
5. What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain with two examples.
6. What’s the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.
7. What is dismembering?
8. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.
9. What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain with two examples.
10. What’s the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.
11. What is dismembering?
12. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.
13. Analyse morphemes in the following words. ’0407
    individualistic characteristic inflectional
14. What are the stylistic features of idioms?
15. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.
16. What do the following verbs tell us?
    A man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.

IV. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers on the answer sheet.

1. Read the extract, pick out the idioms and explain their meanings. Then rewrite the extract in standard non-figurative language.
   “Sam is getting on, too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy.”

2. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of subordinates and superordinates.
   a. The girl got a book in the university.
   b. The girl borrowed a dictionary from the department.

3. The “pen” is mightier than the “sword”.
   Explain what “pen” and “sword” mean respectively using the theory of motivation.

4. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)
   The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.

5. The “pen” is mightier than the “sword”.
   Explain what “pen” and “sword” mean respectively using the theory of motivation.

6. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)
   The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.

7. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.
   a. The man said he would come to our school next week.
   b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.

8. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.
   unbearable, international, ex-prisoner

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