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基础知识
ip地址是网络层中使用的地址，网络层依靠IP地址和路由协议将数据报送到目的IP主机。
路由器是互联网的核心设备，它在IP网络间转发数据报，这使得路由器的每个接口都连接一个或多个网络，而两个接口却不可以代表一个网络，路由器的一个配置了IP地址的接口所在的网络就是路由器的直连网络，路由器不需要额外的配置路由，当接口被激活后，路由器就会自动将直连网络加入到路由表中。
常用命令
| 命令格式 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| ip address IP地址 子网掩码 | 在接口模式下配置当前接口的IP地址 |
| show ip route | 特权模式下查看路由器的路由表 |
| do show ip route | 非特权模式下查看路由表 |
| no shutdown | 接口模式下激活该接口 |
实验流程
1.设计拓扑
2.配置路由器IP地址
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface g0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface g0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#end
Router#%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router#3.查看路由表
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
*- candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set4.激活端口
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface g0/0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface g0/1
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#5.查看路由表
Router#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
*- candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.1.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L 192.168.2.1/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
6.验证主机连通
这里验证p0和p2的连通性，打开主机p0终端
C:\>ping 192.168.2.11
Pinging 192.168.2.11 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.11:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss)
C:\>
等等，忘记配置每个主机的IP，子网掩码，网关了
再来
C:\>ping 192.168.2.11
Pinging 192.168.2.11 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.11: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.11: bytes=32 time<1ms TTL=127
Reply from 192.168.2.11: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=127
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.11:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
C:\>
已经可以证明两者可以互相通信了，其它的同样也可以就不做验证了。
此时再看一下拓扑图
绿色：代表连通
红色：代表未连接
黄色：代表阻塞
注意：路由器端口所连接的不能是同一个网络，否者会出现端口重叠的现象。
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