中国传统文化英语翻译

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元宵节： Lantern Festival

2. 刺绣：embroidery

3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival

4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day

5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting

6. 书法：Calligraphy

7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets

8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters

9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow

10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle

11.战国：Warring States

12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen

13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl

14.函授部：The Correspondence Department

15.集体舞：Group Dance

16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau

17.红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals

18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day

19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate

20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture

21.附属学校：Affiliated school

22.古装片：Costume Drama

23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie

24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)

25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems

26.火锅：Hot Pot

27.四人帮：Gang of Four

28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs

29.素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education

30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian

31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)

32.《西游记》：The Journey to the West

33.除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival

34.针灸：Acupuncture

35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery

36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics

37.偏旁：radical

38.孟子：Mencius

39.亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic

40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises

41.火药：gunpowder

42.农历：Lunar Calendar

43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp

44.物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization

45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera

46.腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera

47.太极拳：Tai Chi

48.独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child

49.天坛：Altar ofHeaven in Beijing

50.小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand

51.红双喜：Double Happiness

52.政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor

53.春卷：Spring Roll(s)

54.莲藕：Lotus Root

55.追星族：Star Struck

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56.故宫博物院：The Palace Museum

57.相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue

58.下岗：Lay off/Laid off

59.烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck

60.高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education

61.烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker

62.敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves

63.电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit

64.澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao

65.文化大革命：Cultural Revolution

66.长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River

67.门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match

68.《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh

69.中外合资企业：Joint Ventures

70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"

71.兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army

72.旗袍：cheongsam

一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。

Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last

8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that

combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder,

lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed

in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the

Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.

二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。

Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in is usually performed in

northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the

performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival,

Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold

the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years,

the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by

themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.

三、长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。

The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings!

If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris

without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!

Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it

began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not

become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today,

starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was

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mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.

四、Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional

dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by

the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making

dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the

dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough

skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are

worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing

could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other

holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the

auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high

reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is

replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and

ushering in the new year.

饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。 相传为古代医圣仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：

1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、3） 包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的容。

五、Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese

medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory

in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and

blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve

reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese

medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The

main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints

of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s

acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique

advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation

and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with

Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional

Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new

national treasures.”

针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。

六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional

Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the

art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of

skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian

theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise

known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism

and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and

many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and

internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of

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life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the

later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow

boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm

(Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords,

spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so

on.

中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。 Chinese Characters 七、Chinese

characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people

remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique

character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the

same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times,

began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as

the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went

through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular

script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round

outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an

orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters

are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “／”( the left-falling

stroke), “＼” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).

汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆方“， 源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。

八、Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the

world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years

ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively

simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over,

lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were

taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example,

the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings

to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike

using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the

meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by

Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization. 中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的文明。

九、Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official

and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note,

contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China

were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely

used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to

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engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in

the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or

square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily

life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is

gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.

印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。

十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for

recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji,

geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: , yin, mou, chen, si, wu,

wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that

the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months

account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order

of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording

date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology

was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the

chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” 2011 is the year of “the seventh of the

ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.

天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011年便是辛卯年。 C

十一、hinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a

genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient

local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century,

Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in

China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts---song, speech, performance,

acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and

characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are

sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown,

male or female).

京剧被誉为“歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。

十二、Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is

Laozi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period

(770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is

considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human

being’s life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from one’s

mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of

human nature. The following is an example of Laozi’s golden saying: The way

that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are

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not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The

named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind.

Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He

that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.

道教是中国土生土长长的。创始人是春秋末期的哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著的《道德经》为主要经典。道教主“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，非常道。名可名，非常名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

十三、Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed

phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage

and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but

has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four

characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve

oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with

time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature,

poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese

language that are concise and have great vitality.

中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。 Chinese silk

十四、China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and

thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang

and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese people’s silk-weaving

techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty

(206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central

Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening

up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on,

China’s silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and

color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been

accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.

中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。文明的使者。

十五、Chinese Classical Garden The Chinese classical garden is a precious

treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which

systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with

the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is

“artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go

sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its

artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real

fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the world’s three major garden

systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s

garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建

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筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

十六、The Four Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and

paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and

they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush

and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years

ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC---206BC), people already used feathers of

different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty

(206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was

invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which

originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was

first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty

(960AD---1279AD), the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi,

the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick

produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in

Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing,

Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). Indeed, the Four

Treasures of the Study” have writtin the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.

笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。 “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。