英语音标发音规则表1

英语音标发音规则表

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词

在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake

a

在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back

在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese

e

在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg

在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite

i

在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim

在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no

o

在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock

在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday

u

在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue

ruler super

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母 读 音 例 词

[] China another woman breakfast

a

[i] orange comrade village cabbage

[] hundred student open weekend

e

[i] chicken pocket begin children

[]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal

i

[ai] exercise satellite

[] second tonight somebody welcome

o

[u] also zero photo

[] autumn diffcult

u

[ju:] popular congratulation January

1 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate 2 u处在开音节位置，

又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February

issue

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在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母

a在[w]音后面

a在f n sk ph sp ss st

th前

i在-nd -ld和gh前

o在-st -ld前

o在m n v th前

读 音 例 词

[] want what watch wash quality

[α:]

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast

father

[ai] find child light high

[ou] most postcard old cold

[] come monkey love mother

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ar

ar在[w]音后面

or

or在[w]音后面

er ir ur

读 音 例 词

[α:] car farm dark sharpener

[:] warm quarter towards

[:] forty morning short

[:] word worker worse

[:] certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget

Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

are

ere

ire

ore

ure

读 音

[ε] care dare hare

here mere

fire hire wire

more score before

pure cure

例 词

[i]

[ai]

[:]

[ju]

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure

重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very

American paragraph

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元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组 读 音 例 词

ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play

air [ε] air hair chair pair repair

al

[] small ball talk wall all

[:l] always also salt almost

al在f m前

[α:] half calm

au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw

[i:] teach easy cheap please

ea [e] heavy bread sweater weather

[ei] break great

[i] hear dear near clear year

ear [ε] bear pear wear swear

[:] earth learn early

ee [i:] jeep week green three

eer [i] pioneer deer beer

[ei] eight neighbour they

ei/ey

[i:] either key

eu/ew在

[ju:] new few newspaper

j l r s后

[u:] flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive

oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor [:] roar board door floor

oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet

[u:] broom food tooth school

oo

[u] book look cook foot good

[au] flower house count down

[ou] know row throw though

ou/ow

[] young country enough

[u:] group you soup

[:] course your four

our [au] our hour ours

[:] journey

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六、

ui

[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition

在j l r s后

[u:] juice fruit suit

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词

ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey

ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous

biscuit coffee

-sion -tion [n] impression nation

-sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion

-tion在s后 [n] question suggestion

-sten [sn] listen

-stle [sl] whistle

-sure [] pleasure measure

-ture [] picture culture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如： everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[:]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如：

sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天

holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日

break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[] 早餐

cup茶杯 + board木板[:] ＞ cupboard[] 碗柜

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组 读 音 例 词

[b] bike bus bag

b

[/] bomb tomb

c

[k] cake picture coat music

c在e前或在i/y前

[s] face decide cinema

ch [] much chick rich teacher

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[k] school headache chemistry

[] machine Chicago

-ck [k] cock pocket black knock

d [d] doctor bread hand day

-dge [] bridge fridge

dr- [dr] children driver drink

f [f] five four breakfast

g

[] bag gardon go

g在e i/y前

[] orange large German

[f] cough enough

gh

[/] light daughter high

gu- -gue

[] guess league dialogue

gu在非重读音节中

[w] language anguish

[h] hot head house hand

h

[/] hour honest

j [] jeep jar joke join July

k [k] kind bike skate make week

kn- [n] knife know knock

l [l] life milk school tall

m [m] monkey come autumn

-mn [m] autumn column solemn

n

[n] not shine ten note

n在[k] [g]音前

[] uncle thank hungry

-ng [] morning young wrong

p [p] paper plane pig ship pen

ph [f] elephant photo telephone

q [k] Iraq

qu- [kw] quality quite

r [r] red rubber ruler

s在词首或清辅音前

[s] sit sleep desk

元音字母间或浊辅音前

[z] music husband

[sk] scarlet

sc-

[s] muscle science

sh [] she fish shirt wash

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t在通常情况下

[t] ten letter meet

在弱读字母ia ie io前

[] patient nation

tch [] watch

th在通常情况下

[θ] thin thirty method

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 [] the these with than

在词尾-the -ther中

[] clothe father weather

tr- [tr] tree train country truck

v [v] very voice love leave

[w] week win wake sweet wait

w

[/] answer two

wh-

[w] what when white why

wh-在字母o前

[h] who whose whole

x

[ks] box text exercise

在重读元音前

[gz] examle exist exact

wr- [r] write

y- [j] yes yard yellow young

z [z] puzzle zero zoo

十、英语语音名词解释

1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。

2．音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。

例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter

②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。

例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther

短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er

3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.

②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构 - 6 -

成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse.

5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup

6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如：´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed

含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：

a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor

7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如：´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion

词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien´tific im´pression ´nation

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