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1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration,
metaphors and understatements.
2. Romance
（名词解释）a story of adventure--fictitious, frequently marvelous or
supernatural--in verse or prose.
3，Ballad民谣（名词解释）
Popular Ballads 大众民谣 ：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)
Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上).
4，
4，Heroic couplet (名词解释)
heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic
pentameter(五步抑扬格)
5 . Renaissance（名词解释）
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature,
and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th
century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
555 humanism 人文主义： admire human beauty and human achievement
556
The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of
bourgeoisie against feudalism
6，. Sonnet（名词解释）
The sonnet is a poem in 14 lines with one or the other rhyme schme,a form much in
vogue in Renaissance Europe, expecially in Italy ,France and England.
7，Blank verse（名词解释）: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
8，Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）
Stanza form developed by Edmund Spenser and almost certainly influenced by rhyme
royal and ottava rima. Spenser's stanza has nine lines and is rhymed a-b-a-b-b-c-b-c-c.
The first eight lines of the stanza are in iambic pentameter and the last line in iambic
hexameter. He used this form in his epic poem The Faerie Queene. John Keats, a
great admirer of Spenser, used this stanza in his poem The Eve of St. Agnes.
,9 Enlightenment (1650-1800)（名词解释）A revival of interest in the old classical
works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
Individualism--emphasized the importance of the individual and his inborn rights
Rationalism-- the conviction that with the power of reason, humans could arrive at
truth and improve the world.
Relativism-- was the concept that different cultures, beliefs, ideas, and value systems
had equal merit.
Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of
century)
10，Classicism（名词解释）
In the arts, historical tradition or aesthetic attitudes based on the art of Greece and
Rome in antiquity. In the context of the tradition, Classicism refers either to the
art produced in antiquity or to later art inspired by that of antiquity;
Neoclassicism always refers to the art produced later but inspired by antiquity.
11 Sentimentalism（名词解释）Sentimentalism 感伤主义 no belief 没有信仰
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but
they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that
brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.
12 Graveyard School / Poets: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote
meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in
moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom.
13 Romanticism
14 Lake Poets（名词解释）
The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the
nineteenth century.
15 Aestheticism唯美主义（名词解释）
The Aesthetic Movement is a loosely defined movement in literature, fine art, the
decorative arts, and interior design in later nineteenth-century Britain. It represents the
same tendencies that symbolism or decadence stood for in France and may be
considered the British branch of the same movement. It belongs to the anti-Victorian
reaction and had post-Romantic roots, and as such anticipates modernism. It took
place in the late Victorian period from around 1868 to 1901, and is generally
considered to have ended with the trial of Oscar Wilde.
16 Stream-of-consciousness（名词解释）
The “stream of consciousness” is a psychological term indicating “the flux of
conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any
given time independently of the person’s will”.
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