高考英语常用派生词总结

常 用 单 词 词 形 变 化 归 纳

一．名词

一 -ment

1. employ v. 雇用→employment n. 工作,职业

2. treat v. 治疗；对待→treatment n. 治疗

3. entertain vt. 使愉快→entertainment n. 娱乐；款待→entertaining

adj. 有趣的,令人愉快的

4. govern vt. 统治,治理→government n. 政府

5. develop v. 发展,培养→development n. 发展→developing adj. 发展中的

→developed adj. 发达的

6. establish vt. 确立；建立→establishment n. 确立；建立

7. punish v. 惩罚→punishment n. 惩罚

8. adjust vt. 调整→adjustment n. 调整

9. appoint v. 任命,委派；约定→appointment n. 约会,预约

10. commit v. 犯错误,罪行,使承担义务,承诺→commitment n. 承诺

11. accomplish v. 完成任务等,取得成功→accomplishment n. 成就,完成

12. invest v. 投资→investment n. 投资→investor n. 投资者

13. disagree vi. 不同意；意见不合→disagreement n. 不同意,争执

14. encourage vt. 鼓励→encouragement n. 鼓励,激励

15. achieve vt. 取得成就→achievement n. 成就,功业,伟绩

16. announce v. 声明,宣布→announcement n. 声明,公告→announcer n.

播音员

17. retire vi. 退休→retirement n. 退休

18. settle v. 解决；定居→settler n. 移民,殖民者→settlement n. 解决；协议

19. amuse vt. 娱乐；使快乐→amusement n. 娱乐,游戏,文娱活动

20. require vt. 需要→requirement n. 需要

21. arrange v. 安排→arrangement n. 安排

22. improve v. 提高,改进→improvement n. 改进,改善,进步

23. judge v. 判断 n. 裁判；法官→judgment / judgement n. 判断；意见

24.

argue vi. 争论→argument n. 争论

二 -tion

●

1. instruct vt. 指示,指导→instruction n. 指示,说明

2. correct vt. 改正adj. 正确的→correction n. 改正,纠正

3. react vi. 反应→reaction n. 反应

4. attract vt. 吸引→attraction n. 吸引→attractive adj. 吸引人的

5. construct vt. 建造,建设→construction n. 建造,建设,建筑

6. protect vt. 保护→protection n. 保护

7. invent vt. 发明→invention n. 发明

8. addict n. 对药物等上瘾的人→addiction n. 瘾；入迷；嗜好→addicted

adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的

9. connect v. 连接；联系→connection n. 联系,关系,关联

10. direct vt. 指挥 adj. 直接的；径直的→direction n. 方向→director n. 指挥

11. predict vt. 预言,预料→prediction n. 预测

12. collect v. 收藏→collection n. 收藏；收藏品→collector n. 收

藏家,收集者

13. interrupt v. 打断→interruption n. 打扰,打断

15. suggest vt. 建议→suggestion n. 建议

14. extinct adj. 绝种的；消亡了的→extinction n. 消失；灭绝

16.

intend v. 打算→intention n. 打算,目的,意图

17.

attend v. 出席,参加；照顾；注意→attention

n.

注意；照顾

●

1. situate vt. 使位于,使处于…地位位置→situation n. 情况；形势,处境；地理位置

→situated adj. 位于某处的

2. locate vt. 把……设置在；把……建造在→location n. 位置→located

adj. 位于

3. relate v. 联系→relation n. 关系→relative n. 亲戚,亲属

4. accumulate v. 积累,积聚→accumulation n. 积累,积聚

5. regulate v. 规定,管理,整顿→regulation n. 规则,条例

6. educate vt. 教育；培养；训练→education n. 教育→educated adj.

受过教育的,有教养的

7. congratulate vt. 祝贺→congratulation n. 祝贺

8. graduate vi. 毕业 n. 毕业生→graduation n. 毕业

9. liberate vt. 解放→liberation n. 解放

10. imitate vt. 临摹,仿造,模仿→imitation n. 临摹,仿造,模仿

11. decorate vt. 装饰→decoration n. 装饰物→decorative adj. 装饰的

12. indicate vt. 象征；暗示→indication n. 指示；象征

13. hesitate v. 犹豫,迟疑→hesitation n. 犹豫

14. appreciate vt. 感激；欣赏→appreciation n. 感激；欣赏

15. create vt. 创造,发明→creation n. 创造力→creative adj. 创造性的

16. concentrate vi. 集中注意力、思想等→concentration n. 专心,专注,注意

17. participate v. 参加,参与→participation n. 参加,参与→participant n. 参与者,参加者

18. communicate vi. 用语言、信号传递信息；交流→communication n. 交流,沟通

19. celebrate vt. 庆祝→celebration n. 庆祝；庆典

20. accommodate vt. 容纳乘客等→accommodation n. 住处；住宿,膳食

21. immigrate v. 移民,移居→immigration n. 移居→immigrant n. 移民,侨民

22. migrate v. 迁移,迁徏；移居→migration n. 迁移,迁徏；移居→migrant n. 候鸟；移居者

23.

desperate adj. 绝望的→desperation n. 绝望

despair n. 绝望

●

1. adapt vi. 适应；适合→adaptation n. 适应→adaptable adj. 适应性强的

2. inform vt. 告知→information n. 信息

3. consider vt. 考虑→consideration n. 考虑→considerate adj. 体贴的,考虑周到的

→considerable adj. 相当多的,相当大的→considering prep.鉴于

4. expect vt. 期待,期望；料想,预期→expectation n. 期望；预期

5. interpret v. 诠释,解释；翻译→interpretation n. 解释,演绎→interpreter n. 口译员

6. relax v. 放松；使休息→relaxation

7.

explain vt. 解释→explanation n. 解释

8. invite vt. 邀请→invitation n. 邀请

9. examine vt. 检查→examination n. 检查；考试

10. determine v. 使决定；确定→determination n. 决心→determined

adj. 坚决的

11. combine v. 结合,联合→combination n. 联合

12. imagine vt. 想象→imagination n. 想象,设想→imaginary adj. 想象中的,假想的,虚构的

13. organise vt. 组织→organisation n. 组织

14. explore vt. 探索→exploration n. 探索→explorer n. 探险者

15. declare vt. 宣布→declaration n. 宣言；声明

16. prepare vt. 准备→preparation n. 准备

17. observe vt. 观察→observation n. 观察→observatory n. 观察台

18. starve vi. 饿死→starvation n. 饥饿

19. reserve v. 保留；预约,预订n. 保护区→reservation n. 保留； 预订

20. preserve v. 保护；保存→preservation n. 保存；贮藏

21. register vt. 记录；登记→registration n. 执照；登记

22. qualify vt. & vi. 使有资格→qualification n. 合格；资格→qualified adj. 合格的,称职的

23. occupy v. 占领→occupation n. 职业→occupied adj. 被占领的,忙于

24. apply v. 申请；应用→application n. 申请；应用

●

1. contribute vt. 贡献→contribution n. 贡献

2. distribute v. 分发,分配,分送→distribution n. 分发,分配

3. exhibit vt. 展览→exhibition n. 展览

4. recognise vt.认出；认识到；承认→recognition n. 认出；承认

5. oppose vt. 反对→opposition n. 反对→opposite prep.在……对面

adj. 相对的；对面的；

6. compose vt. 作曲；创作→composition n. 作文；作曲

7. compete vi. 竞争→competition n. 竞赛,比赛→competitor n. 竞争者→competitive adj. 竞争的

8. describe vt. 描述→description n. 记述,描述

9. solve vt. 解决→solution n. 解答；答案

10. produce vt. 创作；生产→production n. 创作；生产；产量→product

n. 产品

11. introduce vt. 介绍；引进→introduction n. 介绍；引进

12. destroy vt. 破坏,毁坏→destruction n. 破坏,毁坏→destructive

adj. 破坏性的,毁灭性的

三 -sion

1. impress vt. 使印象深刻→impression n. 印象→impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的

2. express vt. 表达→expression n. 表达

3. depress v. 使沮丧,使意志消沉,使心灰意冷→depression n. 沮丧,消沉

4. possess v. 拥有→possession n. 所有物,财产

5. admit vt. 承认→admission n. 承认；进入许可；录用

6. permit vt. 允许 n. 许可证→permission n. 许可

7. conclude vt. 得出结论→conclusion n. 结论

7. decide vt. 决定→decision n. 决定

8. explode vi. 爆炸→explosion n. 爆炸

9. invade v. 入侵,侵略→invasion n. 入侵,侵略

10. collide vi. 碰撞→collision n. 碰撞

11. tense adj. 紧的；紧张的→tension n. 紧张

四 -ence / -ance

●

1. intelligent adj. 聪明的→intelligence n. 智力

2. patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人→patience n. 耐心

3. silent adj. 安静的；沉默的,不说话的→silence n. 安静；沉默,不说话

4. different adj. 不同的→difference n. 差异,区别

5. independent adj. 独立的→independence n. 独立

6. violent adj. 猛烈的,激烈的,强烈的→violence n. 暴力→violently

adv. 猛烈地,激烈地

7. convenient adj. 方便的→convenience n. 方便；便利→inconvenience

n. 不便；麻烦

8. confident adj. 自信的→confidence n. 信心→confidently adv. 自信地

9. absent adj. 缺席的,不在场的；缺乏的→absence n. 缺乏,不存在

10. present adj. 出席的,在场的→presence n. 出席,在场

11. distant adj. 遥远的→distance n. 距离

12. important adj. 重要的→importance n. 重要性

13. significant adj. 重要的→siginificance n. 重要性

●

1. perform v. 表演；运行；表现→performance n. 表演；表现→performer

n. 表演者

2. assist vt. 帮助,援助→assistance n. 帮助,援助→assistant n. 助手,助理

3. resist vt. 抵抗,忍耐；抵制→resistance n. 抵抗→resistant adj.

有抵抗力的,抵抗的

4. appear v. 出现,露面→appearance n. 外貌,外观；出现,露面

5. insure v. 给……投保→insurance n. 保险

6. guide v. 指导,引导→guidance n. 指导,引导

7. ignore v. 忽视；不理,不管→ignorance n. 无知,愚昧→ignorant adj.

愚昧的,无知的

8. enter v. 进入→entrance n. 入口

9. exist vi. 存在→existence n. 存在→existing adj. 存在的；目前的

10. refer vt. 谈到；提到；查阅→reference n. 参考,查阅

11. prefer vt. 更喜欢→preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物

12. defend vt. 保护,防卫→defence n. 保护,防卫

13. offend vt. 触怒,得罪,冒犯→offence n. 冒犯,触怒；

五 -ty

1. safe adj. 安全的→safety n. 安全

2. honest adj. 诚实的→honesty n. 诚实→honestly adv. 诚实地

3. modest adj. 谦虚的,谦逊的→modesty n. 谦虚,谦逊

4. real adj. 真的→reality n. 现实

5. equal adj. 平等的vt. 等于；比得上n. 同等的人或物→equality n.

平等→equally adv. 平等地

6. similar adj. 同样的,类似的→similarity n. 相似,类似

7. major adj. 主要的；多数的→majority n. 大多数

8. minor adj. 较小的,少数的→minority n. 少数民族；极少数

9. generous adj. 慷慨的,大方的→generosity n. 慷慨,大方

10. curious adj. 好奇的→curiosity n. 好奇心→curiously adv. 好奇

地

11. active adj. 积极的,活跃的→activity n. 活动

12. diverse adj. 完全不同的；各不相同的→diversity n. 多样性

13. secure adj. 安全的→security n. 安全

14. possible adj. 可能的→possibility n. 可能；可能性→possibly adv.

可能地

15. able adj. 有能力的→ability n. 能力→disable vt. 使伤残→disabled adj. 残疾的

→disability n. 失去能力；伤残

16. responsible adj. 尽责的；负有责任的→responsibility n. 责任

17. anxious adj. 焦虑的,不安的→anxiety n. 焦虑；不安

18. vary vi. 变化→various adj. 各种各样的→variety n. 种类

19. poor adj. 贫穷的poverty n. 贫穷

六 -ness

1. sad adj. 悲伤的→sadness n. 悲伤→sadly adv. 伤心地；不幸地

2. ill adj. 生病的→illness n. 疾病

3. sick adj. 生病的→sickness n. 疾病

4. weak adj. 虚弱的；无力的,软弱的→weakness n.弱点,缺点；软弱；弱,虚弱

5. dark adj. 黑暗的；乌黑的n. 黑暗；暗处→darkness n. 黑暗

6. conscious adj. 意识到的；自觉的→consciousness n. 意识；知觉

→unconscious adj. 无意的；不知不觉的

7. aware adj. 意识到的,知道的→awareness n. 意识,认识

8. forgive v. 原谅,宽恕→forgiveness n. 原谅

七 -ing

1. warn vt. 警告→warning n. 警告

2. suffer vi. 遭受痛苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼 adj. 令人痛苦的

→sufferer n. 受害者,受难者；患病者

3. spell vt. 拼写→spelling n. 拼写

4. mean vt. 意思是；意味着→meaning n. 意义；意思

5. greet vt. 问候→greeting n. 问候

6. feel vt. 感觉→feeling n. 感觉,知觉；感情

7. train vt. 训练→training n. 训练,培训

八 -th

1. strong adj. 坚强的；强壮的→strength n. 力量；力气

2. warm adj. 温暖的→warmth n. 温暖；热情

3. deep adj. 深的→depth n. 深度；深处

4. long adj. 长的→length n. 长度

5. true adj. 真的,真实的→truth n. 真相

6. young adj. 年轻的→youth n. 年轻；青年时期

7. grow v. 生长,成长→growth n. 生长；增长

九 其它

1. fail v. 失败→failure失败

2. press v. 按下,压下→pressure n. 压力

3. mix vt. & vi. 使混合→mixture n. 混合物

4. furnish v. 为房屋或房间配备家具→furniture n.

5. sign vt. 签署→signature n. 签名

6. inhabit v. 居住→inhabitant n. 居民

家具

7. apply vi. 申请→applicant n. 申请人→application n. 申请

8. migrate v. 迁移,迁徏；移居→migrant n. 候鸟；移居者→migration

n. 迁移,迁徏；移居

9. immigrate v. 移民,移居→immigrant n. 移民,侨民→immigration n.

移居

10. arrive vi. 到达→arrival n. 到达

11. survive vi. 幸存,存活→survival n. 幸存,存活

12. propose v. 建议,提议→proposal n. 提议,建议

13. believe vt. 相信→belief n. 信念,信条→believable adj. 可以相信的

14. relieve v. 解除,减轻,缓和→relief n. 痛苦、忧虑等的解除,减轻,调剂

15. free adj. 自由的；空闲的；免费的→freedom n. 自由

16. wise adj. 聪明的,明智的→wisdom n. 智慧

17. injure vt. 伤害→injury n. 伤害；损伤；受伤处

18. brave adj. 勇敢的→bravery n. 勇敢

19. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸

20. bathe v. 沐浴,洗澡→bath n. 沐浴,洗澡；浴缸

21. unite vt. 联合→union n. 联合；团结；公会→united adj. 团结的

22. fluent adj. 流畅的,流利的→fluency n. 流畅,流利

23. complain vi. 抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n. 抱怨

24. just adj. 公正的→justice n. 公正

25. lose vt. 失去；丢失→loss n. 损失

26. compare vt. 比较→comparison n. 比较；比喻

27. expose v. 使暴露→exposure n. 暴露；显露

28. champion n. 冠军→championship n. 冠军地位；锦标赛

29. affect vt. 影响→effect n. 影响,效果→affection n. 爱,慈爱；情感

30. apologize vi. 道歉→apology n. 道歉

31. choose v. 选择→choice n. 选择

32. contain vt. 包含→container n. 容器→content n. 内容

33. laugh vi. 笑→laughter n. 笑,笑声

34. proud adj. 骄傲的→pride n. 骄傲

35. think v. 想；认为→thought n. 想法

36. weigh v. 称重；重量是→weight n.重量

十具有不同形式和词义的名词

1. architecture n. 建筑学→architect n. 建筑师

美术→artist n. 画家

2. art n. 艺术；3. crime n. 罪行；犯罪行为→criminal n. 罪犯 4. dance n. & v.舞蹈→dancer n.舞蹈者,舞蹈家

5. design n. & v. 设计→designer n. 设计师 6. engine n. 发动机→engineer n. 工程师

7. novel n. 小说→novelist n. 小说家 8. piano n. 钢琴→pianist n.

钢琴家

9. poem n. 诗歌→poet n. 诗人

犯

10. prison n. 监狱→prisoner n. 囚11. rule n. 规则→ruler n. 尺子 12. village n. 村庄→villager村民

13. host n. 男主人；vt. 主持,主办→hostess n. 女主人

14. actor n. 男演员→actress n. 女演员

15. waiter n. 男侍者,服务员→waitress n. 女侍者,女服务员

十一 以or结尾的名词

actor doctor inventor investor collector creator conductor

director

editor educator monitor visitor

sailor

competitor

survivor

professor author governor ancestor emperorambassador

sponsor navigator commentator mediator

bachelor

二．形容词

一-ed / -ing

袀surprise

螆astonish

袃amaze

薀shock

芈frighten

薅scare

羃surprised

羁astonished

罿amazed

肃d

莃shocked

frightene莁scared

蒇surprising

莆astonishing

膃amazing

腿ng

膅ary

蒈shocking

frightenicaring/sc芃surprise

蚇nt

衿astonishment

amazeme袄shock

莂fright

蒈worry

薇puzzle

膅confuse

蚀please

衿amuse

羅excite

羄worried

芀d

蚀puzzled

confuse螆pleased

蚃amused

螀excited

莆worrying

蒁ng

袀easant

膄puzzling

confusipleasing/pl袇amusing

袆exciting

蒄worry

羀puzzle

芈pleasure

莄amusement

芃excitement

聿move 虿

touch

肆annoy

肂interest

螄embarrass

蚄disappoint

肈moved

虿touched

袄embarrassdisappoinannoyed

interested

ed

ted

螁袀蒈袄moving

薂annoying

膂touching

膇羃薃embarrassdisappoininteresting

ing

ting

羀satisfaction

羄disappointment

羆interest

肃shock

螂罿tire

膃肁膀螈relax

exhaust

inspire

encourage

discourage

芃exhausted

袁inspired

蒂tired

薇encouraged

薇discouraged

袂relaxed

荿exhausting

蚇inspiring

蕿tiring

芃encouraging

膇discouraging

蒄relaxing

袂exhaustion

薄tion

膂nt

羂ement

羆n

螀tiredness

inspiraencouragemediscouragrelaxatio芆bore

羁satisfy

羂bored

莇satisfied

螄boring

羄satisfying/satisfactory

肂satisfaction

螈二-al / -ial

蚄1. origin n. 起源→original adj. 原来的；最初的→originate v. 起源

2. tradition n. 传统→traditional adj. 传统的；习俗的

3. option n. 选择→optional adj. 可选择的

4. continent n. 大陆,大洲→continental adj. 大陆的,大洲的

5. environment n. 环境→environmental adj. 环境的

6. coast n. 海岸→coastal adj. 沿海的

7. convention n. 惯例,常规；习俗→conventional adj. 按惯例的；传统的

8. universe n. 宇宙→universal adj. 宇宙的,全世界的；普世的

9. globe n. 地球；地球仪→global adj. 全球的

10. culture n. 文化→cultural adj. 文化的

11. nature n. 自然；天性,性格→natural adj. 自然的→naturally adv.

自然地

12. agriculture n. 农业→agricultural adj.农业的

13. centre / center n. 中心→central adj.中央的,中心的；重要的,核心的

14. economy n. 经济→economical adj. 经济的；节约的→economist n.

经济学家

15. politics n. 政治→political adj. 政治的→politician n. 政治家

16. history n. 历史→historical adj. 历史性的→historic adj. 有历史意义的

17. geography n. 地理→geographical adj. 地理的

18. intellect n. 智力；思维→intellectual adj. 脑力的；思维的；需用才智的

19. finance n. 财政,金融→financial adj. 财政的,金融的

20. face n. 脸→facial adj. 脸部的,面部的

21. race n. 种族→racial adj. 种族的

22. society n. 社会；社团；交往→social adj. 社会的

23.

influence vt. & n. 影响→influential adj. 有影响的

24.

benefit n. 好处,利益→beneficial adj. 有益的,有用的

25. industry n. 工业→industrial adj. 工业的

三-ful

1. colour n. 颜色→colourful adj. 彩色的

2. thank n. &vt. 感谢→thankful adv. 感激的→thankfully adv. 感激地

3. hope n. & vt. 希望→hopeful adv. 满怀希望的→hopefully adv. 满怀希望地

4. pain n. 痛,痛苦→painful adj. 痛的；痛苦的

5. peace n. 和平；平静→peaceful adj. 和平的；平静的,安静的

6. stress n. vt. 强调→stressful adj. 紧张的

7. power n. 力量vt. 供给动力→powerful adj. 强有力的

8. success n. 成功→successful adj. 成功的→succeed vi. 成功

9. doubt n. & v. 怀疑→doubtful adj. 怀疑的

10. regret v. & n. 后悔,悔恨→regretful adj. 后悔的,遗憾的→regretfully adv. 后悔地,遗憾地

11. respect n. & vt. 尊敬,尊重；遵守→respectable adj. 值得尊敬的→respectful adj. 充满尊敬的

12. skill n. 能力,技能→skilled / skillful adj. 熟练的

四-y

1. noise n. 吵闹声,嘈杂声→noisy adj. 吵闹的,嘈杂的

2. rain n. 雨→rainy adj. 下雨的

3. wind n. 风→windy adj. 有风的,风大的

4. snow n. 雪→snowy adj. 下雪的

5. fog n. 雾→foggy adj. 有雾的,雾大的

6. cloud n. 云→cloudy adj. 阴天的,多云的

7. dust n. 灰尘,尘土→dusty adj. 布满灰尘的

8. mud n. 泥,泥浆→muddy adj. 泥泞的

9. salt n. 盐→salty adj. 含盐的,咸的

10. health n. 健康→healthy adj. 反义词健康的

11. wealth n. 财富；财产→wealthy adj. 富裕的；有钱的

12. luck n. 运气；好运→lucky adj. 幸运的→luckily adv. 幸运地；幸亏

13. risk n. 危险 vt. 使遭受危险；冒险→risky adj. 危险的；冒险的

14. mood n. 心情；心境→moody adj. 喜怒无常的

15. hill n. 小山→hilly adj. 多山的；丘陵起伏的

16. hunger n. 饥饿→hungry adj. 饥饿的

17. taste n. 味道 v. 品尝；尝起来有……味道→tasty adj. 美味可口的

五-ed

1. balance n. 天平；平衡→balanced adj. 平衡的

2. talent n. 天分,天赋,才华→talented adj. 有才能的

3. abandon v. 放弃,抛弃→abandoned adj. 被放弃的,被遗弃的

4. crowd n. 人群 vt. 聚拢→crowded adj. 拥挤的

5. experience vt. 经历 n. C经历 U经验→experienced adj. 有经验的

6. limit vt. 限制→limited adj. 有限的→limitless adj. 无限的

7. devote v. 为……付出时间/努力/金钱等→devoted adj. 专心的

8. marry v. 结婚,娶,嫁→married adj. 已婚的→marriage n. 婚姻

9. wound v. 使受伤→wounded adj. 受伤的

六-ous / -ious

1. mountain n. 山；山脉→mountainous adj. 多山的→mountaineer n. 登山运动员

2. humour n. 幽默→humorous adj. 幽默的

3. poison n. 毒,毒物→poisonous adj. 有毒的

4. mystery n. 神秘的事物,谜→mysterious adj. 神秘的

5. ambition n. 志气,抱负,雄心→ambitious adj. 有志气的,有野心的

6. harmony n. 融洽,一致→harmonious adj. 融洽的,和谐的

七-ic

1. symbol n. 象征；符号→symbolic adj. 象征的,象征性的；

2. art n. 艺术→artistic adj. 艺术的

3. energy n. 能量；精力；能源→energetic adj. 精力充沛的

八-able

1. honour v. 尊敬,敬重→honourable adj. 可敬的

2. suit v. 合适；适合→suitable adj. 合适的,适合的

3. vision n. 视力,视觉→visible adj. 看得见的→invisible 反义词adj.

看不见的

4. remark vi. & vt. 说起；评论 n. 评论；讲话→remarkable adj. 显着的,非凡的

5. value n. 价值→valuable adj. 宝贵的,珍贵的

6. reason n. 原因,理由→reasonable adj. 合理的；讲道理的

九-ly

1. day n. 天,日子→daily adj. 每天的

2. week n. 周,星期→weekly adj. 每周的

3. month n. 月→monthly adj. 每月的

4. year n. 年→yearly adj. 每年的

5. friend n. 朋友→friendly adj. 友好的

6. love n. 爱→lovely adj. 可爱的

7. order n. 秩序→orderly adj. 有条理的

8. lively adj. 生动的,活泼的

9. likely adj. 可能的

10. lonely adj. 孤单的,寂寞的→alone adj. 单独的,独自的 adv. 单独地,独自地

十-en

1. wool n. 羊毛→woolen adj. 羊毛的

2. wood n. 木头→wooden adj. 木制的

3. gold n. 金,黄金→golden adj. 金色的；珍贵的

4. east n. 东方 adj. 东方的 adv. 在东边；朝东边→eastern adj. 东方的

5. west n. 西方 adj. 西方的 adv. 在西边；朝西边→western adj. 西

方的

6. south n. 南方 adj. 南方的 adv. 在南边；朝南边→southern adj. 南方的

7. north n. 北方 adj. 北方的 adv. 在北边；朝北边→northern adj. 北方的

十一反义词

1. aim n. 目标；目的→aimless adj. 无目标的；无目的的

2. end n. 末端,最后部分→endless adj. 无限的；无尽的

3. breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的,喘不过气来的

4. useful adj. 有用的→endless adj. 无用的

5. hopeful adj. 有用的→hopeless adj. 无用的

6. helpful adj. 有帮助的→helpless adj. 无助的；无能的；无用的

7. harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的

8. careful adj. 有用的→careless adj. 无用的

9. tasty adj. 美味的,可口的→endless adj. 无味的

10. polite adj. 礼貌的→impolite adj. 无礼的

11. proper adj. 适当的→improper adj. 不适当的

12. regular adj. 有规律的；平常的→irregular adj. 不规则的,无规律的

13. responsible adj. 负责任的；负有责任的→irresponsible adj. 不负责任的,不可靠的

14. legal adj. 法律的；合法的→illegal adj. 违法的；非法的

十二其它

1. freeze vt. 冷冻→freezing adj. 冷冰冰的；极冷的→frozen adj. 结冰的；冻结的

2. surround vt. 围绕；环绕→surrounding adj. 周围的→surroundings

n. 周围环境

3. refresh v. 使恢复精力；使凉爽→refreshing adj. 令人耳目一新的

4. remain v. 仍然,有待→remaining adj. 剩余的→remains n. 遗迹；遗体

5. favour n. 恩惠；善意的行为→favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的

6. evidence n. 证据→evident adj. 显然的,明显的

三．副词

fortunate→fortunately

immediate→immediately

safe→safely

wide→widely

polite→politely

rare→rarely

complete→completely

close→closely

large→largely

effective→effectivelyentire→entirely

extreme→extremely strange→strangely

relative→relatively

sure→surely

fiece→fiecely absolute→absolutely

mere→merely

true→brave→bravely

definite→definitely

truly

possible→possibly probable→probably

terrible→terribly

simple→simply

comfortable→comfortably

四．动词

一 -en / en-

1. deep adj. 深的→deepen vt. 加深

2. broad adj. 宽阔的,广阔的→broaden vt. 拓宽

3. wide adj. 宽的→widen vt. 加宽

4. sharp adj. 尖的,锋利的→sharpen vt. 使锋利,削尖

5. bright adj. 明亮的→brighten vt.使发亮；使生色；使快乐

6. threat n. 威胁→threaten vt. 威胁

7. fright n. 恐惧,害怕→frighten vt. 使……恐惧,使……害怕

8. strength n. 力气→strengthen vt. 加强

9. large adj. 大的→enlarge vt. 扩大

10. rich adj. 丰富的→enrich vt. 丰富

11. courage n. 勇气→encourage vt. 鼓励

12. danger n. 危险→endanger vt.危及,使遭受危险；

二 其它

1. identity n. 身份；特性→identify vt. 确定；辨别

2. class n. 等级,类别→classify vt. 将……分类

3. simple adj. 简单的→simplify vt. 简化

单 词 词 形 变 化 拼 写 规 则 总 结

一．名词的复数,动词的一般现在时第三人称单数

1. 直接加-s.

2. 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加-es.

actress boss bus business class dress glass address chess

compass campus

box pencil-box mail-box post-box letter-fox tax

ox

→

oxen

ash brush toothbrush bush cash dish fish wish

approach beach branch bunch church coach inch lunch match

peach sandwich

speech search switch watch arch bench research

3. 以f, fe结尾的变f, fe为ves.

knife → knives life → lives half → halves leaf → leaves wife

→ wives wolf → wolves

shelf → shelves thief → thieves bookshelf → bookshelves loaf

→ loaves

chef → chefs roof → roofs scarf → scarfs / scarves

4. 以字母y结尾的.

1 以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加-es 加-ed / -er / -est的规则一致.

● 名词 如：baby → babies; city → cities

activity body boundary candy century ceremony comedy

company country diary

dictionary discovery duty enemy factory family hobby

injury laboratory lady

library memory party penny policy possibility quantity spy

story summary

variety victory authority biography category

● 动词 如：carry → carries, carried, carried; cry → cries, cried,

cried

accompany apply betray bury copy fry hurry marry rely

replysatisfy study

supply terrify tidy try worry imply multiply simplify

fly → flies, flew, flown

● 形容词 如：busy → busier, busiest; easy → easier, easiest

angry cloudy crazy dirty dizzy dry dusty early happy

healthy heavy hungry

lazy lucky noisy pretty tidy ugly wealthy cosy

2 以元音字母加y结尾的,直接加-s, -ed, -er, -est

● 名词 如：day → days; way → ways

day essay holiday play relay way bay clay hay ray

sideway journey joy key

monkey valley alley chimney turkey boy joy toy delay

● 规则动词 如：delay → delays, delayed, delayed;

play delay pray stay obey annoy destroy employ enjoy

betray convey spray

● 不规则动词

pay → pays, paid, paid; lay → lays, laid, laid; buy → buys, bought,

bought; say → says, said, said

5. 以字母o结尾的加-s或-es.

hero → heroes; potato → potatoes; tomato → tomatoes; volcano →

volcanoes;

mosquito → mosquitoes / mosquito; motto → mottoes / mottos; do → does;

go → goes

bamboo → bamboos; kangaroo → kangaroos; kilo → kilos; photo →

photos;

piano → pianos; radio → radios; studio → studios; tobacco → tobaccos;

video → videos; zoo → zoos

二．动词的-ing形式

1. 直接加-ed.

2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的,直接加-ing.

3. 以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing.

三．规则动词的过去式、过去分词

1. 直接加-ed.

2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的,直接加-d.

3. 以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写末尾辅音字母再加-ed.

4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加-ed.

四．以字母e结尾的词

● 以字母e结尾的规则动词

如：close → closing, closed, closed; face → facing, faced, faced

accuse ache achieve admire adore advance advertise advise

advocate amaze amuse analyze announce apologize appreciate

approve argue arrange arrive associate bake bathe behave

believe blame bounce brake breathe care cause change charge

choke close combine compare compete complete compromise

concentrate conclude confuse congratulate consume continue

contribute convince create cure cycle debate decide declare

decline decorate decrease describe deserve desire determine

devote dislike distribute dive divide educate encourage

enlarge escape examine exchange excite excuse explode

explore face fade figure fire force forgive glance glare

guide handle hate hesitate hire hope ignore imagine improve

include increase indicate influence injure inspire insure

introduce invite joke judge like live love manage measure

memorize move name notice observe operate oppose owe

participate

pause persuade place please pollute praise

prepare preserve produce promise promote pronounce prove

provide purchase puzzle race raise realise/realize receive

recite recognise/recognize recycle reduce refuse relate

remove replace require rescue resemble reserve retire

sacrifice save scare score seize sense separate serve

settle shape share shave skate smile smoke spare stare

starve store struggle suppose surprise survive taste tease

telephone tire tolerate trade translate tremble type

underline undertake

die → dying, died, died; tie → tying, tied, tied

lie → lying, lied, lied撒谎/ lay, lain躺；位于；lay → laying, laid,

laid 放置；下蛋

● 以字母e结尾的不规则动词：

arise → arising, arose, arisen become → becoming, became, become

bite → biting, bit, bitten choose → choosing, chose, chosen

come → coming, came, come drive → driving, drove, driven

freeze → freezing, froze, frozen give → giving, gave, given

have → having, had, had hide → hiding, hid, hidden

leave → leaving, left, left lose → losing, lost, lost

make → making, made, made overcome → overcoming, overcame,

overcame

ride → riding, rode, rode rise → rising, rose, risen

shake → shaking, shook, shaken shine → shining, shone, shone

strike → striking, struck, struck/stricken take → taking, took,

taken

write → writing, wrote, written

● 注意下面动词的变化：

agree → agreeing, agreed, agreed; disagree → disagreeing,

disagreed, disagreed;

guarantee → guaranteeing, guaranteed, guaranteed;

see → seeing, saw, seen; flee → fleeing, fled, fled

五．双写的问题

双写末尾辅音字母的规则说明：

一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾,并且末尾音节必须重读.

● 1．单音节规则动词,如：chat

→ chatting, chatted, chatted

ban beg chat clap dip drag drop hug mop nod pin plan

plot rid rob ship skip swap tip trap

● 2．单音节不规则动词,如：quit

→

quitting, quit, quit

bid dig fit get let put quit rot run set shut sit spit

split

● 3．双音节规则动词,如：admit

→

admitting, admitted, admitted

admit commit control equip infer occur prefer refer regret

● 4．双音节不规则动词

begin → beginning, began, begun; forbid → forbidding, forbade,

forbidden;

forget → forgetting, forgot, forgot

● 5．注意比较下面动词,如：suffer → suffering, suffered, suffered

cover deliver differ discover enter gather offer order

recover remember suffer water litter master murder register

whisper benefit limit prohibit target develop cancel fasten

frighten happen listen reason ripen sharpen strengthen

● 6．单音节规则动词,如：add

→

adding, added, added; cheat

→

cheating,

cheated, cheated

act add aim bark block boil boom bow brush call calm

camp cheat check cheer chew clean click climb comb cough

count cross crowd drill end fail fetch fill finish fish

float flow fold found gain grasp greet guess hatch head

help host join kick kill last laugh leak lift link lock

long march match milk miss own park part pass pick plant

point post print pump pull push rain rank reach rent rest

risk roast rock roll row ruin rush sail scold scratch

scream search seem sew shock shout sniff sort sound start

stick suit tend thank thunder tick toast touch train treat

troop truck trust turn twist wait wash watch weigh wish

wound yawn yell fix mix snow

● 7．单音节不规则动词,如：keep

→

keeping, kept, kept; drink

→

drinking,

drank, drank

bear beat bend bleed bring build burn cast catch cost

drink feed fight find hang hear hurt keep lead lend light

meet read ring seek sell send sing sink sleep speak speed

spend spread stand sweep swell swing teach tear wear weep

wind blow draw grow know show throw

● 8．双音节规则动词,如：affect → affecting, affected, affected

absorb accept adjust adopt affect afford appeal appear

approach arrest astonish attach attack attain attempt attend

attract avoid bargain belong broadcast collect comfort

conduct confirm connect consider consist construct consult

contain controdict correct correspond defeat defend demand

depend desert design disppear disappoint discuss dismiss

distinguish disturb elect embarrass equal erupt exist expand

expect explain express follow function govern honour import

impress inform insert insist inspect intend interrupt

interview invent obtain overlook perform polish possess

predict present pretend prevent preview process protect

publish punish question react recommend reflect reform

refresh regard relax remain remark remind repeat represent

resign resist respect respond restrict return review select

succeed suggest support surround transform unfold witness

● 9．双音节不规则动词,如：understand → understanding, understood,

understood

rebuild retell rewind understand withdraw