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2024年3月9日发(作者:java数组排序从小到大排序)

10月7日(周六)参考答案:

1、With the World War II,came the development (of the weapon)( that has since become a general threat to life on earth): the atomic

bomb.

【参考译文】随着第二次世界大战的爆发,出现了对一种新式武器的研发,该武器后来对地球上的生命构成了普遍威胁,这就是原子弹。

【结构分析】这是一个完全倒装句,正常形式应该是 The

)()

the development是主语,谓语是came,介词with短语作时间状语。括弧里的表达是前面相关名词的后置定语,冒号后面的表达是the weapon的同位语。类似倒装大家可以参考下面例句:

Here comes the bus.

【知识链接】since adv.自此以后; threat 威胁;atomic 原子的;

10月10日(周一)

1、Of special importance are those projects which provide help for self-help in

reducing poverty.

【参考译文】具有特殊重要性的是那些能够为扶贫自助提供帮助的项目。

【结构分析】这是一个表语前置句,目的在于强调。主语是those projects, 之后的which从句是其定语,谓语是are,表语是of special importance,该句复原后应是those projects

which provide help for self-help in reducing poverty are Of special importance。其中 be of +名词=be+该名词的形容词,因此,be of importance=be important。为了达到强调效果,翻译时不必调整句序。

【知识链接】self-help 自助;reduce poverty 扶贫。

10月11日(周二)参考答案

3、In the area of life skills, service participants show greater positive change than

do non-participants in terms of all eight outcomes analyzed.

【参考译文】在社会能力上,从所涉及的八项分析结果看,参加社会服务的学生比那些不参加社会服务的学生变得更积极。

【结构分析】这个句子的是service participants ,谓语是show,宾语是positive change,介词短语 In the area of life skills是状语,构成比较结构,than之后行成

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了倒装结构,主语是non-participants,谓语是do,指代前面的 show positive change,介词短语in terms of all eight outcomes analyzed是状语,其中过去分词analyzed是outcomes的定语。翻译时要将than之后的内容移至service participants 之后。

【知识链接】participants 参与者;positive 积极的;non-positive 非参与者;in terms

of... 就……而论;outcomes 结果; analyze 分析。

10月12日(周三)参考答案:

4、During college, service participants exhibit greater increases in

social self-confidence and leadership ability than do non-participants.

【参考译文】大学期间参加社会服务的学生比不参加社会服务的学生更能提高自己的领导能力和社交方面的自信。

【结构分析】该句同23句结构一样,构成比较级,than之后形成倒装模式。前半部分的During college是状语,service participants是主语,exhibit是谓语,increases是宾语,in social self-confidence and

leadership ability是其定语;than之后的主语是non-participants,谓语do指代前面的exhibit increases。翻译时要将than之后的内容移至service

participants之后。

【知识链接】participants 参与者;exhibit 表现,展示;self-confidence自信;leadership 领导力;non-participants 非参与者。

10月13日(周四)参考答案:

5、Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is the importance

Americans assign to privacy.

【参考译文】与重视个人主义密切相关的是美国人对隐私的重视。

【结构分析】这是一个表语前置句,主语是the importance,Americans assign to privacy是其定语从句,谓语是is,表语是Closely associated with the value,they place on

individualism是value的定语从句。

【知识链接】be 与……有关;individualism个人主义;将……赋予……;privacy隐私

2011年10月14日(周五)参考答案:

Those who contemplate the beauty of the earth find reserves of strength that will

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endure as long as life exists。

【参考译文】那些凝视地球之美的人能找到终生受用的力量储备。

【结构分析】该句可分为三部分:Those who (contemplate the beauty of the earth)find reserves of strength(that will endure as long as life exists.)括号外的内容是主句,即Those find reserves of strength,两个括号的内容是定语从句,分别修饰前面的Those和reserves of strength;第一个定语从句的主语是who,谓语是contemplate,宾语是the beauty,of the earth 是后置定语;第二个定语从句主语是that,谓语是will

endure,as long as life exists是条件状语从句。

【知识链接】contemplate思索,凝视;reserves of strength 力量储备;endure 持续;as long as 只要。

10月17日(周一)参考答案:

7、The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree

answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the

heavens,the moon and the planets。

【参考译文】苹果向下落到地面而不是向上飞到树上,这一实事回答了他长期以来一直对月球和行星--那些天空中更大的天体所存在的疑问。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,可以切分为:The ( factthat the apple fell down toward

the earth and not up into the tree) answered the question (he had been asking

himself about those larger fruits of the heavens),(the moon and the planets).主干的结构是The fact answered the question;第二个括号内that引导的是同位语从句,该从句的主语是the apple,谓语是fell down,and 之后是谓语并列结构,有省略现象,补全后应是:and(did)not(fell)up into the tree,toward the earth和into the tree均是介词短语,作谓语fell down的方向状语;第二个括号内是question的定语从句,前面省略了连接词that,about those larger fruits of the heavens是介词短语,作question的后置定语;第三个括号内是并列的名词短语,作前面those larger fruits of the heavens的同位语。该句翻译时应将同位语从句that the apple…the tree先译出,再译主句。

【知识链接】fruit of the heavens天体(这里fruit为词汇活用现象);planet 行星。

10月19日(周三)参考答案:

8、Experts believe that our"silent speech"-the way we move,small changes in

appearancce, posture and gestures-conveys far more meaning than the words in

any converstation.

【参考译文】专家们认为我们“无声的语言”表达的含义远远多于任何一次交谈中所用的词语,这些无声的语言包括:走路姿势、外表的细微变化、如何举手投足。

【结构分析】这是一个主从复合句,主句的主干结构是Experts ;难点是that引导的宾语从句,该从句的主干结构是:our"silent speech"conveys far more meaning

than the words ...;破折号之间的内容是silent speech的同位语,解析其内容,we move

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作the way 的宾语,之前省略了关系副词that=in which,and gestures和前面的the way是并列的名词短语,共同作silent speech的同位语。翻译时要将同位语部分单独作为句子处理,这是英译汉中常见的拆译技巧。

【知识链接】posture 姿态;gesture 手势; convey 传递; conversation 对话

10月20日(周四)参考答案:

9、X-rays are able to pass through objects and thus make (visible) details {that are

otherwise impossible}.

【参考译文】x射线可以穿透物体,因此可以使得那些用其他方式不可能看到的细节清晰可见。

【结构分析】本句话学习的重点是后半句:...thus make details {...}visible.

及物动词make后面的宾语是details,形容词visible作宾语补足语,但由于details后面接了定语从句,出于句子结构平衡的需要,把宾语放在了补足语的后面,形成动宾分裂。

10月21日(周五)参考答案:

10、The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets (full

of petrol fumes, coal dust, and toxic gases), (torn by the noise of the taxi-cabs,

lorries and buses), and (thronged ceaselessly by great crowds).

【结构解析】本句话学习的重点仍然是并列结构,注意两个and的用法。

本句话主干是The modern city consists of ...;此外,需关注streets的三个并列的后置定语:形容词短语,过去分词短语,以及过去分词短语thronged

by...。

【参考译文】构成现代城市的是一些畸形建筑群和阴暗而又狭窄的街道,街上充满汽油味、煤尘和有毒气体,充斥着出租汽车、大卡车和公共汽车的喧闹声,熙熙攘攘的人群川流不息。

【知识链接】monstrous a. 怪诞的;畸形的;奇大的

edifice n. 大厦,宏伟的建筑物

petrol n. 汽油

fume n. 气味浓烈的烟、气、汽

coal dust 煤尘

toxic a. 有毒的

tear v. 撕裂;破坏

taxi-cab 出租车

throng v. 拥挤

ceaseless a. 不停的

10月24日(周一)参考答案:

11、It has expanded without any idea of the true nature (of the human beings) (who

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run the machines), and without giving any consideration to the effects (produced)

(on the individuals and on their descendants) (by the artificial mode of existence)

(imposed by the factory).

【结构分析】句子的主干结构是It has expanded, without any idea of the true nature …,

//and without giving any consideration to the effects …

“它的发展丝毫没有考虑到...的真正本质,也根本没有考虑到...的影响”。本句理解的关键是两个介词短语的并列,它们共同作谓语动词expanded的伴随状语。把主干理清楚之后,再处理相关细节,就能做到大方向不出现偏差,导致大量失分。

提炼:本句和前几个句子一样主要是强调“并列结构”的学习。

参考译文:它的发展丝毫没有考虑到(操作机器的)(人的)真正本质,也根本没有考虑到(工厂强加在人们身上的)(人为生存方式)(对个人及其后代)(所产生)的影响。

【知识链接】

expand=扩大

the human beings=人类

consideration=考虑;动机,原因;体贴,关心

=对..的效果,影响

individual n. 个人

descendant=子孙,后裔

artificial=人造的,人工的,人为的

mode=方式,方法,做法

existence=存在;生存

impose=把…强加于

10月25日(周二)参考答案:

e was entirely ignorant of what the bottle (in his pocket)

contained, of the nature (of the illness) (from which his friend was

suffering), and of what had previously been wrong with his wife.

【参考译文】Carlyle全然不知道他口袋里的瓶子(药瓶)装的是什么,也不清楚他朋友患的是什么性质的病,亦不了解他妻子以前有什么不舒服。

【结构分析】本句话的主体结构是Carlyle was entirely ignorant of ...,

of ..., and of ....

【知识链接】

entirely=adv 完全地,彻底地

be ignorant of=不知…

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pocket n. 衣兜

contain vt. 容纳

nature=性质、本质;(大写)自然、自然界

suffer from=患……病,遭受...之苦

previously=事先,以前

what's wrong with sb./sth. 某人有什么不适/某物有什么问题

10月26日(周三)参考答案:

13、Translations of Greek and Roman classics were poured onto the printed page,

and with them thousands of Latin words like capsule and habitual, and Greek

words like catastrophe and thermometer.

【参考译文】希腊罗马经典著作的译文纷纷印成书册,随之,成千上万的拉丁词,如capsule(密封小容器;航天舱)和habitual(习惯的),希腊词,如catastrophe(大灾难)和thermometer(温度计)等也纷纷涌入。

【结构分析】Translations (of Greek and Roman classics) were poured onto the

printed page, //and with them thousands of Latin words (like capsule and habitual),

and Greek words (like catastrophe and thermometer).

本句话是并列句,由两段分句组成。第一段分句的主干是划线部分,括弧表达是介词短语(of...)做Translations的后置定语。难点在第二段,也是大家学习的重点。介词短语with

them 是伴随状语,两个括弧表达都是介词短语()做后置定语,主干是划线表达thousands of Latin words ...and 。鉴于and双方是并列关系,可以推出and后面的thousands of Latin words ...and 和前面的Translations是并列关系,由于Translations作第一段分句的主语,所以可推出thousands of Latin

words ...and Greek words 在第二段分句中也是主语成分,谓语之所以没有,是因为出于避免重复的考虑,省略掉了,也就是和前面的谓语是相同的(were poured onto the printed

page)。

【提炼】并列结构的第二段分句经常出现省略的情形,以避免和第一段的表达发生重复。

10月27日(周四)参考答案:

14、Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, //he is

likely to have more zest in his free time than an idle man could possibly find.

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【参考译文】假定一个人不必过分劳累,以至损伤元气,那么他在休闲时一定比无所事事的人更加富有活力。

【结构分析】本句是主从复合句,第一段是Provided引导的条件状语从句(相当于If从句),第二段是主句。第一段注意so...如此...以至于...;第二段注意比较结构的逻辑。

【知识链接】provided conj. 倘若,假如;impair vt. 损害;vigor n. 精力,活力; be likely

to do有可能;zest n. 活力;idle adj. 懒散的,无所事事的。

10月28日(周五)参考答案:

15、Reading makes a full man, //conference a ready man, //and writing an exact man.

【参考译】:读书使人充实,交谈使人敏捷,写作使人精确。

【知识链接】full a. 充实的;conference n. 交谈;ready a. 敏捷的,即刻的;exact a. 精确的

此句主要是为了复习“并列结构的省略”(参见12句的原理解释)这一语法现象,本句中,后两段的谓语动词makes,出于避免重复的目的,都被省略掉了。

10月31日(周一)参考答案:

16、To what extent will future scientific discoveries make (possible) the lengthening

of human life?

【结构分析】:此句话首先应该关注斜体表达To what extent (在...多大程度上,再比如to

a certain extent 在特定程度上),此句中相当于特殊疑问词。很多同学没有注意到这个表达的含义,甚至忽略了句末的问号,错将本句译成了肯定句。此句话学习的关键和29句一样,是动宾分裂:主语是划线表达...discoveries,谓语动词是make,宾语是the

lengthening of human life,括弧里的possible是宾语补足语,鉴于宾语较长之故,为了避免头重脚轻,将其后置到宾语补足语的后面。

【参考译文】在将来,科学发现可能在多大程度上延长人类的生命呢?

11月1日(周二)参考答案:

17、It is vital that economic, political and social conditions which can alleviate

poverty be established at national and international levels.

【参考译文】在全国以至全球营造消除贫困的经济、政治和社会环境很重要。

【结构分析】该句子的主干结构是It+be+形容词+that 从句模式,即It is vital

that…conditions be established…;It为形式主语,真正主语为that从句;主语从句的主语是economic, political and social conditions,谓语是be established,请注意:vital后面的从句中要使用虚拟语气,故be established前省略了should;which引导的从句作主语conditions的后置定语,at national and international levels是介词短语,作地点状语。

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知识链接:vital 关键的,重要的;alleviate 减轻,环节; poverty 贫困; establish 建立。

11月2日(周三)参考答案:

18、Yet it is doubtful whether the propostion is strong enough to bear the vast

weight of generalization that has been placed on it.

【参考译文】然而,这个论点依据是否充分支持由此推导出的普遍原理,这一点值得怀疑。

【结构分析】该句子的主干结构是It+be+形容词+whether从句模式,即Yet it is

doubtful whether…is strong…;it作形式主语,指代后面的whether从句;whether从句中,主语是the proposition,谓语是is,表语是strong;enough是strong的状语,enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置;不定式to bear…作结果状语,修饰enough,属于enough to…搭配;that has been placed on it为定语从句,修饰generalization,这里的it指代前面的proposition。

【知识链接】It is doubtful…令人怀疑的是……;doubtful令人怀疑的;proposition 观点,论点; vast 巨大的,大量的;place weight on…强调重视;generalization 普遍原理。

11月3日(周四)参考答案:

19、As for what can be done,Boyer argues that colleges should raise their standards

of language proficiency by requiring a written essay of incoming freshmen.

【参考译文】至于该如何提高学生的语言水平,博依埃认为大学应该要求入学新生提交一篇书面文章。

【结构分析】该句的主干结构是:Boyer argues that …;As for what can be done是介词短语,作范围状语;that从句的主语是colleges,谓语是should raise,宾语是their

standards,of language proficiency 作standards的后置定语,by requiring a written

essay 作方式状语,of incoming freshmen作essay的后置定语。

【知识链接】as…for 就…而论;argue 主张,认为;language proficiency语言水平;essay文章;incoming 即将到来,新来的; freshmen大一新生。

11月4日(周五)参考答案:

19、It was only when one is in a position to oblige that one can afford to be so

confidential.

【参考译文】只有当一个人有资格施善时才能承受得起如此的信任。

【结构分析】It is…that…是强调句型,强调的部分是时间状语从句:when one is in a

position to oblige.复原后的句子应是one can afford to be so confidential only when

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one is…。

【知识链接】in a position to do有资格做……;oblige施惠于……;afford to do能够做……;confidential极受信任的。

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