牛津译林 必修第一册 新教材 Unit 1 Back to school 词汇分层解析 2_百

Unit 1 Back to school

I 重点短语

make a difference 起作用，有影响

课文原句： The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to make a

difference to your family, to your community and to your country. 可能性是无限的，我相信你们有能力对你们的家庭，你们的社区和捏们的国家产生影响。

拓展： make a/ some/ much/ no difference (to sb./ sth.) 有/一些/ 有许多/ 没有影响或作用

It makes a difference (to sb. /sth. ) +wh- 从句…(对某人/某物)关系重大，有影响

例句： Small acts of kindness can make a great difference. 小善举能带来大影响。

Whether he is here or not will make no difference to our work. 他在不在这里对我们的工作没有影响。

It makes much difference what you choose. 你选择的东西事关重大。

It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not. 不管他去还是不去，对我都没影响。

take advantage of 利用

课文原句： Take advantage of your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make

use of our school facilities. 利用你们的课堂，向老师和同学学习，并利用好我们学校的设施。

例句：I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. 我打算利用这次旅行来探究一下这座城堡的历史。

拓展：advantage n. 好处，有利条件

at an advantage 有优势，处于有利地位

have an advantage over 胜过，占上风

turn sth to your advantage 使某事转化为有利条件

例句：Graduates with a good command of English and computer skills tent to be at an advantage

when applying for jobs. 精通英语和计算机技术的大学毕业生在求职时往往处于优势。

② disadvantage n. 缺点，不利条件

at a disadvantage 处于劣势，处于不利地位

to one’s disadvantage / to the disadvantage of sb. 对某事不利

equal

① adj. (大小，数量，价值等)相同的，相等的；平等的；（力气，勇气，能力等）相当的，能胜任的

Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. 同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯，有用的技能和积极的态度。

常用搭配： be equal to sb. / sth. 与某人/ 某物相同

be equal to sth. 能胜任某事，能应付难题（任务等）

I hope that he is equal to the challenge. 我希望他能应付这一挑战。

② n. 同等的人（物）

be without equal/ have no equal 无与伦比的

be the equal of sb. / sth. 比得上某人/某事

Our cars are the equal of those produced anywhere else in the world.我们的汽车可与世界上任何其他地方成产的汽车相媲美。

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③ vt.与…….相等；等于；比得上

When it comes to bragging, no one could equal him.要说吹牛，没人能比得上他。

联想词 1. equality n.相等；平等

2. equally adv. 相等的；同样的；平等的

balance

①. vt.同等重视；（使）保持平衡；权衡重要性

Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities.仔细规划你们的学习，设定明确的目标，平衡学业和其他活动。

The inexperienced rider was sitting on the bicycle trying to balance it.骑车很不熟练的那个人正坐在自行车上尽力的想保持平衡。

I asked her what I should do to lose weight , and she told me to balance my diet .我问她我要做什么来减肥，她告诉我要均衡饮食

联想词：balanced adj. 保持平衡的，均衡的

What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet? 如果没有均衡的饮食，你将会怎样？

② n. 【U】均衡，平衡，平衡能力 【C】天平，秤

常用搭配： a sense of balance 平衡感

out of balance 失去平衡

keep / lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡

例句： Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and don’t let your body shake. 慢慢地移动，然后要确保保持平衡，并且不要让你的身体晃动。

数词生意： balance n. 账户余额，结余

例句：I have a balance of about $ 50,000 in my savings account. 我的存款账户里的余额大概有五万美元。

responsible adj. 有责任的，负责，可靠的

课文原句： Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet you alone are responsible for

realizing your great potential. 高中可以帮助你们学习和成长，但只有你们自己负责充分发挥自己的潜能。

常用搭配：be responsible for…对…负责；是…的原因；be responsible to sb. 对某人负责；（向主管或者上级）承担责任

例句：Heavy rain was responsible for the shortage of vegetables. 大雨是蔬菜短缺的原因。

联想词：responsibility n. 责任，职责，负责

have responsibility for (doing) sth. 有（做）某事的责任

take responsibility for (doing) sth. 承担（做）某事的责任

ahead adv. (时间，空间)向前，提前，预先，领先

课文原句： I’ve been told that schoolwork will present more of a challenge in the years ahead,

and that he teachers will hold us to higher standards. 我被告知在接下里的几年中学业会更加具有挑战性，而且老师们将会使我们达到更高的水平。

常用搭配：ahead of time = in advance 提前

ahead of schedule 提前

go ahead 可以；干吧

例句：Without your help, I couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. 没有你的帮助，我不可能提前完成这项工作。

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look forward to 盼望，期待，期望

课文原句：In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent and responsible for my own

learning. 事实上，我盼望着变得更加独立，对我自己的学习更加负责。

特别注意：look forward to中的to为介词，+ n. / pron. / ving

例句： Well, we shall look forward to seeing him tomorrow.

The day we had been looking forward to came at last. 我们一直期待的那一天终于到来了。

拓展：含有look的其他常用介词

look up to 仰慕，尊敬

look down upon/on 瞧不起

look out 当心

look into 调查

look through 浏览

例句： It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of two missing children. 据报道，警察将尽快调查这起两个儿童失踪的案子。

Would you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any obvious

mistakes? 请帮我浏览一下这篇论文，看看有没有明显的错误，好吗？

independent adj. 自主的，有主见的

课文原句： In fact, I’m looking forward to being more independent and responsible for my own

learning. 事实上，我盼望着变得更加独立，对我自己的学习更加负责。

反义词：dependent adj. 依赖的，依靠的

联想词：independently adv. 独立地； independence n. 独立，自主

dependence n. 依靠，依赖 depend vi. 依靠，依赖

depend on/ upon 依靠，依赖，由…决定，取决于

例句： Do you depend on the ocean for your livelihood? 你依靠海洋谋生吗？

focus n. 焦点，重点，中心点

课文原句： Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 设定目标会让你的生活有重点。

例句： Our main focus is on helping people get back into work. 我们关注的重点是帮助人们再就业。

vt. & vi. (把…)集中于；调节（…的）焦距；使聚焦

常用搭配： focus on 集中（注意力，精力等）于

focus one’s attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到某事上

近义短语：center on （注意力）集中到（=be centred on）

concentrate …on 把注意力集中于，全神贯注于

fix one’s attention /eyes/ mind on 把注意力/ 双眼/ 思想集中于…上（常用语被动语态）

detail n. 细节，具体情况，详情

课文原句： To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay

attention to details. 为了实现你的目标，你需要有一个好的计划，管理好你的时1

间，并关注细节。

常用搭配： in detail 详细地（放在句末做状语） go into detail(s) 详细叙述

for further details 欲知详情 For further details, you can read the next chapter

first.

as a result of 由于

课文原句：As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a

happy life. 有了你的行动，你的梦想就会实现，你也有希望过上幸福的生活。

特别注意： as a result “结果，因此”，单独做状语

例句： As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. 结果，人类形成了至今仍存在的一系列的性格类型。

拓展：result in+ 结果，导致，造成

result from + 原因（由…而）造成

例句： The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles.

We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past.

base vt. 以…为基础（依据）

n. 根据，基础，基地，总部，大本营，底部

课文原句： Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills. 相反，你应该基于你的能力和技巧来定目标。

常用搭配：be based on / upon 以…为根据/ 基础

例句： Being an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or

later. = Based on emotion rather than on reason, your important decision will make

you regretful sooner or later. 把重要的决定建立在情感之上，而不是理性之上，你早晚要后悔的。

联想词：basic adj. 基本的，基础的，根本的

basically adv. 基本的，从跟本上说

basis n. 基础 （pl.） bases

remind vt.提醒, 使想起

课文原句： This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. 这会让你想到你再为什么而努力并且让你精力集中。

常见用法： remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事，是某人想起某事

remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事

remind sb. that 提醒某人….

例句： The pictures will remind me of the days when we were in our hometown. 这些照片让我想起我们在故乡的日子。

I have to remind myself that some birds aren’t meant to be caged. Their feathers are just

too bright. 我得经常提醒自己，有些鸟儿是关不住的，他们的羽毛太鲜亮了。

aim n. 目的，目标，瞄准

课文原句： Club aim: To improve short story writing skills. 俱乐部目的：提高短篇故事的写作技巧。

常用搭配： take aim at 瞄准，批评； achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目的

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with the aim of…目的是

例句： Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 完成这些目标需要团队合作。

② vi. & vt. 力争做到，目的是，针对，瞄准

常用搭配： aim to do sth. 力争做到某事

aim at 瞄准，目的在于，针对

be aimed at doing sth. 旨在做某事

例句： In a word, the programmer aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage

themselves in making a difference in society. 总之，这个计划的目的是鼓励学生们成为积极的市民并让他们在社会中发挥作用。

This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking. 这项活动的目的是为了提高学生的听说能力。

exchange n. 交换，交流，兑换

课文原句： Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange

student. 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。

常用搭配：in exchange for…

例句： It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to

them. 公务人员为某些人提供便利以换取礼品或金钱的行为是非法的。

② vt. 交换，交流，兑换

常见搭配： exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物

exchange A for B 用A换B

例句： If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for

any other course that we offer. 如果课程不能让您十分满意，您可以轻松将其换成我们提供的其他任何课程。

alarm n. 闹钟，恐慌，警报，警报器

课文原句： I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！我如此喜欢它以至于我仍然在用它作为我的闹钟！

常用搭配：in alarm 惊恐地（常用作状语）

raise/ sound the alarm 发出警报

a fire/ smoke alarm 防火/ 烟雾警报器

an alarm clock 闹钟

an alarm system 警报系统

例句： I turned in alarm as the wind blew the door open. 风把门吹开，我惊慌地转过头看。

② vt. 使惊恐，使害怕

例句：This is an unfortunate aspect of the Internet that alarms me. 这是英特网一个不利的方面，

使我有些不安。

联想词： alarmed adj. 担忧的，恐慌的

be alarmed by/ at sth. 因某事而恐慌

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be alarmed to do sth. 做某事而感到恐慌

例句： I was alarmed to see the men were carrying guns. 看到那些人带着枪我感到很恐慌。

② alarming adj. 令人担忧的，令人恐慌的

例句：As we all know, with the development of science and technology, the earth’s resources are

running out at an alarming rate, so we should make good use of them. 众所周知，随着科技的发展，地球的资源正在以惊人的速度消耗着，因此我们应该充分利用它们。

contribution n. 贡献，捐款，捐赠，稿件

课文原句： Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make much of a

contribution because sometimes I wasn’t able to express myself clearly in English. 课堂讨论在英国很重要，但我做不了多少贡献，因为有时候我无法清楚地用英语表达自己的想法。

常用搭配：make a contribution to/make contributions to 为…做贡献，为…捐款

例句：Would you like to make a contribution to the hospital rebuilding fund? 你愿意为医院重建基金捐款吗？

联想词： contribute vi & vt. 捐献，捐赠；（给报纸，杂志）撰稿，投稿vi.促成

contributor n. 投稿人，捐款人，促成者

attract vt. 吸引，使喜欢，招引，引起（反应）

The one that attracted me most was the Rugby club.

最吸引我的是英式橄榄球俱乐部。

常见搭配： attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意

attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某物

例句：Professor David Wilson thinks that it can attract the police’s attention to group behavior.

戴维·威尔逊教授认为它可以吸引警察关注群体行为。

联想词：attraction n. 吸引力，有吸引力的事，向往的地方 tourist attraction 风景区

attractive adj. 有吸引力的

II 拔尖词汇

accomplish v. 完成

I want to thank all my team members who helped me a lot to accomplish the great milestone. 我想感谢所有大力帮助我实现这一伟大里程碑的队员们。

complain v抱怨

Some students complain about the length of the school day, and feel under a great deal of stress.

一些学生抱怨在校时间过长，而且感到压力很大。

desire n. 愿望，欲望

Our students come from different background but have the same desire to learn online. 虽然我们的学会来自不同的背景，但他们上网学习的欲望是相同的。

quality n. 质量，品质

Remember, it’s quality we’re aiming for, so don’t rush the job. 记住，我们追求的是品质，所以1

工作是不要匆匆忙忙的。

delightful adj. 令人愉快的

Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. 太空旅行会令人很愉快，但与此同时又暗藏危险。

regularly adv. 有规律地；经常

Police regularly use social media to encourage members of the public to help find people wanted

for offences 警方经常利用社交媒体鼓励大众帮忙找出通缉犯。

on campus 在校园

You’re always surrounded by young students when you’re on campus. 当你在校园时，你总是被青年学生围绕。

major v.主修 n. 主修课程，专业课

He is majoring in Political Science. 他主修政治学。

adjust to 适应

She had to admit that it was not easy to adjust herself to the new academic requirements, which

totally differed from those of China. 他不得不承认要适应新的学术要求并不容易，他们和中国的学术要求大不相同。

be determined to do sth. 下定决心做

China is determined to accomplish the goal of building a well-off society in all aspects. 中国下定决心要实现全面建成小康社会的目标。

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