选修八 重点短语句型

Book 8 Unit 1 A land of diversity

Part 1 课文知识点归纳

1. have the distinction of 有…与众不同之处

2. live on 继续存在（生存）

3. by means of 用……办法，借助

4. in addition (to) 除……之外，加之

5. fight against 与……作斗争

6. declare war on / upon 对……宣战

7. in the early1800s 在19世纪初

8. in and around 内外，以内及周边

9. make a life 习惯新的生活、工作方式等

10. by the time 到……时为止

11. of one’s own 属于自己的

12. keep up 沿袭，保持，坚持

13. back to back 背靠背

14. team up with 与……合作或一起工作

15. mark out 划线， 标出……界限

16. take in 包括(含)，吸收(引)，理解，了解

17. a great / good many 许多

18. apply for 申请，请求

19. consist of 由……组成

20. be shaped like 形状像……

21. draw a distinction between…and…

把…..和……区分开来

22. be on holiday 在休假

23. give one’s love /regards to sb.代向某人问好

24. make comments / about /on/ upon sth.

对……发表评论

25. go exploring 去探险

26. be exhausted 筋疲力尽的

27. a tourist area 旅游区

28. take ferry to 渡船到……

29. feel like doing sth 喜欢做某事

30. have a good view of 把…尽收眼底

31. rather than 而不是

32. grasp the opportunity of 抓住…的机会

33. a two-way activity 一次互动的活动

34. the Immigration Service 移民局

35. due to 由于，因为

36. a credit card 信用卡

37. further one’s studies 进修， 深造

38. be responsible for 对……负责

39. be controversy over / about 对……争议

40. without doubt 毫无疑问

41. take over 接任，接收

42. react to 对……作出反应

句型:

1. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years

ago. 然而， 可能美洲土著人至少一万五千年前就生活在加利福尼亚。

◇ It is 句型中的It为形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。

2. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no major

racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 人们相信，过不了多

久，国籍间相混的程度将非常大, 以至于不再有大的种族和文化团体，而仅仅是一个多种种

族和文化的混合体。

◇ It is said / believed / thought / supposed / guessed / reported / hoped / expected / concluded /

announced / arranged that 后接主语从句构成常用句型，it 为形式主语。

(1). 据说多喝纯净水有益健康. ____________________________________________________

(2). 众所周知, 光的传播速度比声音快. _____________________________________________

(3). 据报道一个人在没有水的条件下可以生存70多个小时. ___________________________

3. ..., it was the building of the railway from the west to the east coast that brought even larger

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numbers to California in the 1860s 但是，大批量的移民却在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国

东西海岸的铁路而来加利福尼亚的。

◇ 本句为强调结构，即“It is/ ”。

4. It didn’t occur to me that there would be a big festival on at the same time as my holiday. 我没想

到在我度假的时候会有一个盛大的庆祝活动。

◇ sth. occur to sb. (主意或想法等突然)浮现在脑中, 某人想起…

It occurs to sb to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事

It occurs to sb. 某人突然想起…

◇ 辨析: occur, happen, take place, break out

Book 8 Unit 2 Cloning

Part 1 课文知识点归纳

1. share… with sb 与某人分享

13. have a great impact on 对…产生极大影响

2. make a copy of… 复制…; 做一份…的副本 14. attain one’s ambition 实现某人的野心

3. all the time 始终; 一直 15. forbid sb. to do 禁止…做….

4. quantities of 大量的 forbid doing

a quantity of forbid sb. from doing sth.

5. research on/ into 对…进行调查研究 16. end in failure 以失败告终

6. undertake a task 承担任务

17. compared with/to…

7. pay off 偿清; 得到回报 与…相比较（常放句首作状语）

pay back 偿还;报复 18. own sb. sth. 欠某人某物

pay for 支付…的费用;付钱购买 own sth. to sth. 把…归因于

pay down 付现款; 即时支付 19. bother sb. with sth. 某人因某事困扰

8. be removed from… 从…被移除

20. strike…into one’s heart 使…刻骨铭心

9. on the one hand… on the other hand 21. experiment with 用…做实验

一方面… 另一方面 22. from time to time 有时

10. cast down 沮丧; 不愉快

23. bring… back to life 使…重生, 复活

拓展

: cast aside cast off 24. in vain 徒劳无功; 枉费心机

cast out cast away 25. be based on… 基于…

11. be appropriate to / for 对…适合 26. differ from sb / sth 和某人/某物不同

12. raise objections 引起反对 differ with sb. on / about / over sth.

object to… 反对; 对…表示反感 和某人在某事上意见分歧

have no objection to…不反对; 对…无异议 27. be bound to 一定; 有义

句型:

1. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.

接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。

1). 本句中news与that Dolly had become seriously ill是同位关系.

2). 本句是一个倒装句, 当表示方位、方式、时间的副词或介词短语置于句首时, 句子要完全

倒装。

2. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones.

当园艺师从生长的植物上剪下枝条来培植新植物时，克隆就发生了。

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◇ It happens…when… 意为“当… …时这就会发生”。

e.g. The virus of the flu is spreading quickly. It happens when there are infected cases in a crowd.

流感病毒正在迅速传播。当人群中有感染病例时就会发生。

3. Although at present human egg cells and embryos needed for cloning research are difficult to

obtain…

虽然现在作为克隆研究所需要的人类卵细胞和胚胎很难获取，…

◇不定式跟在表语形容词后，且形容词表示主语的特征，此时不定式常主动表被动。

4. Diversity in a group means having animals with their genes arranged in different ways.

种群中的多样性意为着具有以不同方式排列基因的动物。

◇ with their genes arranged in different ways是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，在句中作animal

的后置定语。

Book 8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

Part 1 课文知识点归纳

1. decide on sth. 决定做… 19. exchange … with… 把…换成…

2. call up 给…打电话, 使人回忆起… 20. manage to do 努力做…

拓展: call for call on 21. in a mess 乱成一团

call in call back 22. lead to doing 导致…

3. in the countryside 在乡下… 23. the famous saying 名言

4. on the telephone 通过电话… 24. beaten track 常规, 惯例

5. now and then 偶尔，有时 25. dive into 迅速把收伸入, 一心投入

6. get / be rid of 去除… 26. be worth doing 值得做…

rid…of 除去, 摆脱 It’s worthwhile to do …

7. distinguish myself by…. 通过…来表现自己 be worthy of doing …

8. set about doing 开始做… 27. apply to sb. for sth… 向…申请….

set out to do 开始做… 28. at a time 一次

9. with caution 小心谨慎 29. be aware of 意识到….

10. bend down 弯腰 30. search for… 寻找…..

11. in the expectation that… 期望… 31. associate… with… 把…和…联系起来

12. seize the opportunity 抓住机会 32. hang on = hold on 不挂断, 紧紧握住

13. get recognition for… 为…取得认可 33. out of order 次序颠倒

14. the patent office 专利局 in order 井然有序, 处于正常状态

15. in addition (to) 另外 34. get through打电话设法联系上,做完,通过

16. fill in / out the form 填表格 35. ring back 回电话

17. a matter of … …的一件事 ring off 挂断电话

18. in comfort 舒适

句型:

1. They seemed to have made their home here. 它们好像已经在这安家了。

◇ 句型：sb. seem to do… It seems that / as if / as though …

2. There only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes。看来只有杀毒蛇的药粉了。

◇ 备注：there seem to be 似乎有，类似的结构还有there happened / appeared / used to be… ,

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3. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.

◇ only + 状语(短语/从句) 置于句首句子需要部分倒装.

4. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is

different from everyone else’s. 直到有研究表明你的产品真的与众不同，你才能得到专利。

◇ nor 含有否定意义的副词(never / seldom / hardly / few / little…) 放句首要倒装

5. It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that led to his most famous invention.

◇强调句：It is/ was + 强调内容 + that …

6. It was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson.

◇ it is / was not until…that… 是一个强调句型

Book 8 Unit 4 Pygmalion

Part 1 课文知识点归纳

1. be gifted in= have a gift for 有…天赋

2. be ambitious to do sth. 立志做…

3. be convinced of sth./ that clause 坚信…

4. set sb. a task 安排某人一个任务

5. pour with rain 大雨倾盆

6. in all directions 四面八方

7. hide /shelter from rain 避雨

8. hesitate to do sth./ hesitate about sth

不想做…

9. hold up 举起, 使耽搁

10. (be) of use to sb. 对…有用

11. take/make notes 作笔记

12. take / mistake A for B 把A误当作B

be mistaken about 把…弄错

13. in disguise 伪装的

14. hand over / take over 移交/接管

15. be classified as 把…归类为

16. make a remark on 就…发表评论

17. betray oneself 显露出原形

18. condemn sb. to sth./ to do sth. 使…注定做

be condemned to death 被判死刑

句型:

1. What if I was? 如果我是又怎样呢？

◇ What if + 一般过去时

(1) 如果他不同意该怎么办呢? __________________________________________________

(2) 火车要是晚点会怎么样呢? __________________________________________________

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19. pass sb. off as 冒充成…

20. make one’s acquaintance

= make the acquaintance of sb. 结识…

21.a handful of 一把, 少量

22. in amazement 震惊

23. make a fortune 发财

24. generally speaking 一般说来

25. (be) of a / an / the same / different age(s) /

shape(s) / size(s) / colour(s) / kind(s)

属于…的

26. apart from = besides / except / except for

除…外

terms of 就…来说, 从…角度

in conversation 深入交谈

oneself 自命不凡

other day 几天前

more 再一次

need of 需要

out （声音，画面）渐淡

sb. in 领…进来

2. They betray themselves every time they open their mouths.但每次一张嘴说话，他们句原形毕露。

◇ every time +从句, 名词词组连词化

3. Once taught by me, she’d become an upper class lady.

◇ when, while, before, until, if, unless, once, though + V-ing / v-ed,是状语从句的省略

4. While watching, he makes notes. 他一边观察, 一边做笔记.

◇ 现在分词作伴随状语

Book 8 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors

Part 1 课文知识点归纳

1. have no alternative but to do go ahead 先走；催促；表示许可

除……之外别无选择 12. keep warm 保持温暖

2. show…around 领某人参观

13. preserve sb./ sth.(from sth.) 保护

3. regardless of/ in spite of 不管;不顾 14. applaud sb./ sth.(for sth.)

4. scare…away 把…吓跑

(因某事)赞赏某人、某事

5. keep out… 阻止…进入

15. arrest sb. for sth 因某事逮捕、拘留某人

6. assume sth 假定 16. as well as 还有；也

assume sb. to be 认为某人是……

17. to one’s relief 令某人庆幸的是

assume that +从句 relieve sb. of sth

7. cut up 切碎；剪碎；摧毁；粉碎 解除某人的（负担、责任等）

cut away (from sth.) 18. divide sth. between/among sb.

(从某物上)切除、割掉、砍掉、剪去 在某人中分配某物

cut down divide…into/by 分成/除……

（从根基部分）砍倒；缩减；减少 19. at most 最多

cut in（on sth.） 打断（谈话）；插嘴 20. care about 关心

cut off 21. be of significance 有意义

中断（通话）；切断…的来、去路；隔绝

22. have affection for… 喜爱…

8. the freezing winter 寒冷的冬天 23. lie in wait (for sb.) 隐蔽静候以出人不意

9. remove…from 从…除去

24. pronounced French accent / pronounced

10. an ample amount of 大量 eyebrows and cheekbones 明显的法国口

11. look ahead 向前看；为将来打算 音/浓眉大眼，颧骨突出

句型:

1. You must be aware that it’s here that we’ve found evidence of some of the earliest people who

lived in this part of the world.

你们肯定知道我们找到了世界上最早的人类在这里居住的证据。

◇ be aware that+从句

2. I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?

对不起打扰你一下，他们是如何在这里生活的？

◇ I’m sorry ( to…..) but 口语，插话时表示道歉

3. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might

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have kept the fire burning all winter.

我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有6米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。

◇ have been doing 现在完成进行式

suggests 意味着，从句用真实语气

4. Do you mean to say they made their own clothes? 你是打算说他们做自己的衣服？

◇ mean to do打算做… ; mean doing意味着…

5. If only it could be just like last year! 如果它能像去年一样就好了！

◇ if only……. 要是…就好了 (用虚拟语气)

6. Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.

◇ only to do …

通常在句中做结果状语,表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果

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