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2024年3月25日发(作者：数据库应用课程设计)
美国
College,University,Institute的
区别
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美国College,University,Institute的区别
美国早期的高等教育学校沿袭英国而称为College，19世纪
后期，私立的College开设研究所后多改名为University，每州也
将其首要之州立大学由Institute﹑Seminary﹑College或类似之名
改为University。另早期许多科学、工程和理工的专门学校都称
为Institute，有些后来也改名为University，但少数学校仍以
Institute为名，如：麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of
Technology)和加州理工学院(California Institute of Technology)。
现在College与University的意义如下：
UNIVERSITY通常是指一所设有文理科及专业课程的大学，且
有至少一种领域的研究所，和至少一种的学士学位后的专业课程
(如：医学、牙医或法律)。但也有少数例外情行，而有些私立文
理学院只有大学部但也称为University。
COLLEGE则有几个意义：
所有高等教育学校的通称。
只有大学部的大学：然而也有学校具University之条件却名
为College的学校，如：Dartmouth College in New Hampshire，有
硕士、博士和医学博士之学位，而且又是美国最好的四年制大学
之一。 属于University的学院。
二年制大学：有的称为junior college，有的称为community
college，也有的就叫college，还有几个是technical college。
美国的圣诞节习俗与圣诞音乐
Millions of Americans will celebrate Christmas on December
twenty-fifth. It is the most widely celebrated religious holiday in the
United States.
People buy gifts to give to family members and friends. They
fill homes and stores with evergreen1 trees and bright, colored
lights. They go to parties and prepare special Christmas food. Many
people think Christmas is the most wonderful time of the year.
Many Christians go to church the night before the holiday or
on Christmas Day. They celebrate Christmas as the birthday of Jesus
Christ. Christian2 ministers3 speak about the need for peace and
understanding in the world. This is the spiritual4 message of
Christmas. Church services include traditional religious songs for
the holiday. One of the most popular is "Silent Night."
Many other Americans celebrate Christmas as an important,
but non-religious holiday. To all, however, it is a special day of
family, food, and exchanging gifts.
Christmas is probably the most special day of the year for
children. One thing that makes it special is the popular tradition of
Santa Claus5.
Young children believe that Santa Claus is a fat, kind, old man
in a red suit with white fur. They believe that-on the night before
Christmas-he travels through the air in a sleigh6 pulled by reindeer7.
He enters each house from the top by sliding down the hole in the
fireplace8. He leaves gifts for the children under the Christmas tree.
Americans spend a lot of time and money buying Christmas
presents. The average American family spends about 800 dollars.
Stores and shopping centers are crowded at this time of year. More
than 20% of goods sold during the year are sold during the weeks
before Christmas. This is good for stores and for the American
economy.
Some people object to spending all this money. They say it is
not the real meaning of Christmas. So, they celebrate in other ways.
For example, they make Christmas presents, instead of buying them.
Or they volunteer to help serve meals to people who have no
homes. Or they give money to organizations that help poor people
in the United States and around the world.
Home and family are the center of the Christmas holiday. For
many people, the most enjoyable tradition is buying a Christmas
tree and decorating9 it with lights and beautiful objects. On
Christmas Eve or Christmas morning, people gather around the tree
to open their presents.
Another important Christmas tradition involves food. Families
prepare many kinds of holiday foods, especially sweets. They eat
these foods on the night before Christmas and on Christmas day.
For many people, Christmas means traveling long distances to
be with their families. Another Christmas tradition is to go
"caroling10."A group of people walk along the street. At each house,
they stop and sing a Christmas song, called carol. Student groups
also sing carols at schools and shopping centers.
Not everyone in the United States celebrates Christmas.
Members of the Jewish11 and Muslim12 religions, for example,
generally do not. Yet many Americans do take part in some of the
traditional performances of the season. One of the most popular is
a story told in dance: "The Nutcracker13" ballet14. The music was
written by Russian composer15 Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky in 1891.
The ballet is about a young girl named Clara. Clara is
celebrating Christmas with her family and friends. One of her
Christmas presents is a little device16 to open nuts-a nutcracker. It
is shaped like a toy soldier. She dreams that the nutcracker comes
to life as a good-looking prince.
Professional17 dance groups in many American cities perform
the ballet at this time of year. They often use students from local
ballet schools to dance the part of Clara and the other children in
the story. This gives parents a chance to see their children perform.
美国最新流行口语26句
美国最新流行口语26句
1. After you.你先请。这是一句很常用的客套话，在进/出门,
上车得场合你都可以表现一下。 (好象现在女士不愿意你这么
做，特别是那些女权主义者，我还记得这么一段话：一个女士对
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