词根词缀

一、 常见词缀：

（一）前缀

位置：ex-, e-, extra-, over-，out-, under-; in-, im-, inter-, mid-;

pre-, sub-, suf-, sup-, super-, sur-, post-; tele-; trans-; cross-

大小多少：uni-, mono-, bi-, tri-, mini-, multi-, kilo-, micro-,

macro-; semi-, hemi-; poly-,

否定意义：anti-； de-; di-, dif-, dis-； counter-, anti-, contra-;

in-, im-, il-, ir-； mis-, mal-; un-; non-, pseudo-,

联想：col-, cor-, com-, con-; re-; vice

变动词: be-, en/em

其他：auto-, self-; bio-; by-, step-; ultra-

（二）后缀

表示人： -er, -ee, -eer, -or, -ar, -ian, -ent, -ant, -ist, -ese, -ess

学科：-ology, -ture, -ics

抽象意义----身份，状态，性质 -ity, -ship, -hood (加在名词后),

-ness（加在形容词后）-th, -ure

行为：-ment, -ion, -tion, -ation, -sion, -age, -ance/-ence （加

在动词后）

形容词后缀：-tive, -ous, ful/-less; able/ible, -ent, -ant; -ory,

-ary; -like/ish; -ly; -y; -some; -ward

动词后缀: -ize, -fy, -ate, 等

二、常见词根及构词

pos = put 放置：pose, position, expose, exposure, compose,

composition, propose, proposal, oppose, opposition, impose,

dispose, disposal, preposition

tract = draw 拉，抽，引：tractor, attract, attraction, attractive,

distract, subtract, contract, abstract, drag, draw, straight,

straighten, stretch

sec, sequ = follow 跟随：second, secondary, sequence,

subsequent, consequence, consequently

vid, vis, vey, vy = see 看：visible, vision, visibility, invisible,

visual, video, videophone, revise, revision, supervise,

supervision, evident, evidence, visit, visage, improvident，

videocast

spect=look 看：spectator, spectacle, spectacular, prospect,

inspect, inspection, expect, expectation, respect, respectable,

respectful, respective, respected, suspect, suspicion, specific,

despite

mob, mov, mot = move动：mobile, mobility, mobilize,

automobile, motion, motive, motivate, motivation, motor,

move, promote, promotion, emote, remote

ced, ceed, cess , gress = go, walk 行走：precede, proceed,

procedure, process, exceed, excess, excessive, succeed,

success, successful, succession, successive, successor, access,

accessible, progress, congress, regress, aggressive

rupt=break破：bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt, disrupt, erupt

mini, min = small, little 小：miniskirt, minimize, minimum,

minus, minute, minority, diminish

scrib, scrip 写，记，抄：describe, description, script, manuscript,

prescribe, prescription

dict, dic = say 言，说：diction, dictionary, contradict, dictate,

dictation, dictator, predict, prediction, predictable, indicate,

verdict

miss, mit = send 投，送，发：mission, missile, dismiss,

dismissal, transmit, transmission, emit, emission, promise,

compromise, committee, commission

port = carry 拿，带，运：portable, import, export, transport,

report, support

leg, legis 法：legal, legalize, illegal, legislate, legislation,

legislature

solu, solv 洗，溶解：solution, solve, resolve, resolution,

dissolve

press 压：impress, impression, express, suppress, depress

viv, vit=live活：live, living, lively, survive, livelihood, alive,

revive, vivid, vital, vitamin

count=number：account, accountant, discount, number,

numeral, numerous, innumerable

ag=act 行动，做：action, exactly, react, interact, transact,

radioactive, agent, agenda, agency,

fac=make做，作，制造：facility, factory, faculty, affect, defect,

infect, perfect, efficient, fiction, artificial, proficiency, feasible

sign=mark记号，信号：remark, signal, signature, design,

designate, significance, resign

du, doub, coup=two二：dual, double, doubtful, couple,

dubious, duplicate, dual

spher=ball球：balloon, ballot, hemisphere, atmosphere

popul, publ=people人：popular, public, publicity, republic,

publish, republican, population,

men, min=mind心灵，精神：mind, remind, mention, mental,

comment, memory, memorial, remember, commemorate

struct=build建造：construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction,

destroy

fund, found=base基础：basement, basis, foundation,

profound, fund, refund, fundamental

part=divide分，分开：dividend, individual, particle, participate,

particular, partner, apart, counterpart, depart, impartial,

department, party, apartment, compartment

pend, pens-hang悬挂：dependent, independence, append,

appendix, suspend, pension

duc=lead引导：conduct, deduct, misconduct, educate, induce,

introduce, produce, reduce,

oper=work工作：operate, cooperate, opera

ven,vent=come来：venture, adventure, avenue, convention,

invent, eventually, prevent, intervene

voc,vok=claim呼喊，叫喊，声音：proclaim, reclaim, exclaim,

advocate, provoke, vocal, voice,

sect=cut切，割：section, segment, intersection, sector

grat, grac, gree=please高兴，感激：grace, grateful, gratitude,

congratulation, agree, agreeable, greet, pleasure, pleasant,

disagree

vail, val=worth价值：worth, worthy, worthwhile, available,

prevail, value, valid, validity, valve, evaluate, equivalent

pel, peal, puls=drive驱动：appeal, compel, compulsion,

compulsory, propel, pulse, impulse

tact, tang, tag=touch接触：contact, intact未接触的tangible

可触摸到的

alter改变；aptitude能力；disastrous灾难的；banish放逐;

combat战斗；calculate推算；excavate挖掘；accelerate加速；

certify证明; coincide, concur同时发生；circulate循环，流通；

declination倾斜，下垂；discord不和；durability耐久性；

equilibrium平衡，均势; diffident缺乏自信的；domain领地;

infinity无限性；afflict使苦恼，折磨；formulate构思，规划；

fortify, reinforce加强; frigid寒冷的；fuse熔化，融合；geometry

几何；congest拥塞，充满；degrade降级，堕落；heredity遗

传；hinder阻碍；hydraulics水利学；transit转移；junction连

接点；collaborate合作；elapse流逝; latitude纬度；alleviate

减轻; magnify放大；manipulate操纵；submerge/immerse沉

没；symmetry对称; eminent杰出的；negligible可以忽略的；

notorious臭名昭著的；optimum最佳条件, demography

三、有意义的字母组合：

st---不动，立：stand, stop, stay, state, station, stable, steady,

establish, instance, standard, statistics, statue, stereo, stare,

static, stationary, stereotype, still, destination, destine, destiny,

stone, stubborn, rest, install, staunch, constant, steel, stiff,

obstacle, stale, stall, stain, stick, start, stun, startle, astonish,

stupid, stuffy (40)

sti----刺，尖：stick, sticky, stimulate, stitch, instinct, sting, stir,

(大纲全部)

fl----流动：flow, float, flu, flood, influence, fluctuate, fluid,

flush, fluent, fleet, flute, flux,

fl----闪动的光，植物：flash, flame, flare, flower, flourish

fl----空中的动作：fly, flee, flight, flap, flutter, fling, flag, flat,

flatter, flesh, flavor, flexible,（大纲全部）

gl---不动的光/亮：glance, glimpse, glare, glamour, glass,

glorious, glory, glow, gloomy, gloss, glitter

gl, sl----滑动：glide, glove, globe, global, glue（大纲全部） slip,

slipper, slippery, slide, slit, slope, sledge, sly

cr---碎，裂：crack, crash, crisp, crush, crisis, critical, crazy,

cracker, crumb

-ap----拟声：flap, clap, tap, slap, rap break----crash, clash,

smash, splash,

-ump—笨重的动作：bump, thump, thumb, stumble, plump,

hump, clumsy, dump, lump, slump, plumb,

-atter----细碎的动作：batter, chatter, clatter, shatter, scatter,

-ash-----猛烈的动作：flash, splash, clash, dash, slash, crash,

smash,

-are----强烈的光：flare, glare, stare

sn----鼻子的出气声：sniff, sneeze, snore, snuff, snot

spr----传播，洒，喷：spread, sprinkle, spray

tw----二：two, between, twilight, twelve, twin, twice, twenty,

twinkle

wr, tw----扭曲，卷绕：wrap, wreck, wreath, wrestle, wrench,

wrinkle, wrist, wrong, wretched

sw-----水，洗：swim, sweat, sweater, swan, sweep, swing, swift,

sway, switch, sword, swarm

h---象征沉重：heavy, haste, hurry, heave, hop, hunt, hurl

i----表示小：mini-, sip, chick, chip, nibble, tiny, slip, slit, drip

m----象征低沉声：hum, moan, mumble, murmur, mutter

r----：表示粗糙、削利、重浊的声音：grunt, rattle, roar, cry, croak,

creak, rumble, crunch, crack, scrape, rip, scream, scratch

s, z, sh----象征寂静和蛇等动物嗖艘爬的声音：hiss, brush,

silence, rustle, snake, zip, buzz, hush, whisper

四、单复数形式不同意义不同词记忆

air空气 airs风度、架势

arm手臂 arms武器

art艺术 arts文科；人文科学

authority权利；权威 authorities官方；当局

brain大脑 brains智利

chain链（条） chains镣铐

compliment恭维；称赞 compliments问候；致意

condition状况，状态 conditions条件；环境，形势

congratulation 祝贺 congratulations祝贺词

content内容；容量；满足 contents目录

convenience 便利，方便 conveniences 便利设备

custom习俗 customs海关

damage损害；毁坏 damages赔偿费

finding发现，发现物 findings调查（研究）结果

force力；力量；势力 forces兵力；军队

glass玻璃 glasses眼镜

height高；高度 heights高地/处

humanity人类；人性 humanities人文科学

import进口；输入 imports进口商品；要旨，含义

interest ；关心；利息 interests利益；利害

instruction指导；指示 instructions 用法说明（书）；操作指

南

lesson功课；课 lessons课程；教训

liability责任；义务 liabilities债务

manner举止；方式 manners礼貌，风度；规矩，风俗

mass大量；团，块 masses群众；质量

measure尺寸，大小 measures措施，办法

minute分钟 minutes会议记录

necessity必要/然性；需要 necessities必需品

observation 观察；监视 observations观察资料或报告；言论

pain疼痛 pains努力、辛劳

paper纸 papers文件

poll民意测验 polls选举，大选

proceeding行动；进行 proceedings会议记录；学报

provision供应；准备；规定 provisions给养，口粮

quarter四分之一 quarters方向；地区；住处

rail栏杆，围栏 rails铁路；轨道

respect尊敬，尊重 respects敬意，问候

ruin毁灭，崩溃 ruins废墟，遗迹