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Second Langauge Acquisition
What is second language?
A second language (L2) is any language learned after the first language or mother tongue (L1).
What is foreign language?
A foreign language is a language used in a country other than one's own. It is also a language
not spoken in the native country of the person referred to, i.e. an English speaker living in China can
say that Chinese is a foreign language to him or her. These two characterizations do not exhaust the
possible definitions, however, and the label is occasionally applied in ways that are variously
misleading or factually inaccurate.
Relations between second language and foreign language?
The expression
second language
is not just in contrast with first language or mother tongue in
the literature. Some linguists make a distinction between a second language and a foreign
language. The contrast is based on the social context. In a bilingual or multilingual community, the
language other than one's mother tongue is called a second language. In a monolingual country,
the language one learns is a foreign language.
What is the scope of SLA?
It is the study of how learners create a new language system with only limited exposure to a
second language.
It is also the study of why only some learners appear to achieve native-like proficiency in more
than one language.
Additionally, second language acquisition is concerned with the nature of the hypotheses
(whether conscious or unconscious) that learners come up with regarding the rules of the second
language.
It is the study of what is learned of a second language and what is not learned; it is the study of
why most second language learners do not achieve the same degree of knowledge and proficiency
in a second language as they do in their native language.
It is the study of how second languages are learned. In other words, it is the study of the
acquisition of a non-primary language; that is, the acquisition of a language beyond the native
language.
A major goal of second language acquisition research is the determination of linguistic
constraints on the formation of second language grammars. Because theories of language are
concerned with human language knowledge, one can reasonably assume that this knowledge is not
limited to first language knowledge, and that linguistic principles reflect the possibilities of human
language creation and the limits of human language variation. This scope of inquiry includes
second languages.
Language pedagogy
pedagogical decision-making must reflect what is known about the process of learning, which
is the domain of second language acquisition.
Rationale related to language pedagogy has to do with the expectations that teachers have of
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