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2024年4月12日发(作者：领域驱动设计)

Chapter 6

1. pragmatics:

自测：Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic

and inherent. (T/F)

术语：pragmatics语用学

解释：语用学处理的是语言的实际意义，是在应用中的意义，而不是

固有的意义。

术语：Pragmatics can be defined as the study of how speakers of a

language use sentences to effect successful communication. 语用学是

研究某一语言的言者是如何利用句子成功进行交际的。

解释：

Pragmatic analysis of meaning is first and foremost concerned with the

study of what is communicated by a speaker/writer and interpreted by a

listener/reader. Analysis of intentional meaning necessarily involves the

interpretation of what people do through language in a particular context.

Intended meaning may or may not be explicitly expressed. Pragmatic

analysis also explores how listeners/readers make inferences about what

is communicated.语用学对意义的研究主要关注的是说者或作者要交

流的是什么，听者或读者读到的是什么。 并且根据语境分析要表达

的意义。语用学分析还探索着读者或听者对交流意义的推断。

2. Context:

自测：What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether

in the study of meaning _________ is considered.

A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context

术语：Context 语境

解释：语义学和语用学的区别在于是否将语境考虑在内。

术语：The notion of context is essential to the pragmatic study of

language, it’s generally considered as constituted by the knowledge

shared by the speaker and the hearer. 语境是语用学研究的一个基本概

念。一般认为语境包括说话者和听话者双方所共有的知识。

解释：

Generally speaking, it consists of the knowledge that is shared by the

speaker and the hearer. The shared knowledge is of two types: the

knowledge of the language they use, and the knowledge about the world,

including the general knowledge about the world and the specific

knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is

taking place. 一般认为语境包括说话者和听话者双方所共有的知识：

双方在他们所使用的语言方面的知识；双方对世界的认识，包括对世

界总的认识和对正的进行的语言交际所处的环境的具体认识。

3. utterance meaning:

自测：The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable.

（T/F）

术语：utterance meaning 话语意义

解释：一个句子的话语意义是具体的、依赖于语境的。


本文标签： 语境 语用 意义 语言 双方

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