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2024年4月12日发(作者：important高级替换)
语言学讲义及课后习题答案（最新）
9、Language and thought
Early views on language and thought
Plato suggested that thought was the soul’s discourse with itself, which in
other words means that thought and language were identical. It is mentalist,
echoed by Walson (American psychologist and founder of Behaviorism) and
Bloomfield who said that thinking is a system of movements that had been
reduced from actual speech to the point where they were no longer visible.
Aristotle challenged his thought arguing that mankind could not have the
same languages and that language were only songs of psychological experiences.
10、什么是Sapir-Whorf 假设？
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is a theory put forward by the American
anthropological linguists Sapir and Whorf (and also a belief held by some scholars).
It states that the way people view the world is determined wholly or partly by the
structure of their native language. (2) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two
parts, i.e. linguistic determinism and relativism. Whorf proposed first that all
higher levels of thinking are dependent on language. Or put it more bluntly,
language determines thought, i.e. the notion of linguistic determinism. Because
languages differ in many ways, Whorf also believed that speakers of different
languages perceive and experience the world differently, i.e. relative to their
linguistic background, hence the notion of linguistic relativism.
11、Arguments against the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (very popular today) 为什
么说语言不能决定思维？
Words and meaning It is widely accepted that the vocabulary of a language
consists of nothing more than meaningless labels, which are manipulated by
language users to elicit emotional reactions or behavioral responses, to impart 给
予information or to direct the listener’s attention. The meaning of word highly
depends on and changes by context.
12、Grammatical structure Many grammatical features are purely superficial
aspects of linguistic structure.
Translation There are some conceptual differences between cultures due to
language, but this is not to say that the differences are so great that mutual
comprehension is impossible. One language may take many words to say what
another language says in a single word, but in the end the circumlocution 婉转曲
折的陈述can make the point.
13、Second language acquisition If languages have different conceptual
systems, then a speaker of one language will be unable to learn the other
language because he lacks the right conceptual system. However, since people can
learn radically different languages, those languages couldn' t have different
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