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2024年4月23日发(作者:pc版管理系统)
qemu-kvm命令行虚拟系统参数
虽然在Fedora上安装了Virt-manager,有比较好的界面可以操作和监视虚拟机,但是必须要
在root用户下才可以,而Xmanager不可以使用root用户远程fedora,再者要在KVM-Qemu
上进行开发的话,其命令行参数的了解是必须的。
下面以一个例子说明:
虚拟一个Windows7的系统安装,常用参数如下:
qemu-kvm -m 1024 -localtime -M pc -smp 1 -drive
file=Windows7_,cache=writeback,boot、=on -net
nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:80 –net
tap-cdrom -boot d -name kvm-win7,process=kvm-win7 -vnc :2
-usb -usbdevice tablet
尝试过:qemu -m 512 -hda /home/ibm/Desktop/KVM/
-localtime -net nic,vlan=0,macaddr=52-54-00-12-34-02 -net
tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0,script=no -boot d -cdrom
/home/ibm/Desktop/KVM/ -smp 2 -clock rtc -soundhw es1370
-m 1024 设置虚拟系统内存1024MB
-localtime 使虚拟系统与宿主系统时间一致
-M pc 虚拟系统类型为pc
-smp 1 1个CPU
-drive file=Windows7_,cache=writeback,boot=on
硬盘选项,虚拟磁盘是Windows7_,cache方式为writeback,可引导型
磁盘。
-net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:80 网卡选项,手工指定mac地址。
-net tap tap类型网络,相当于“桥模式”
-cdrom 光驱
-boot d 启动顺序。d代表光驱。
-name kvm-win7,process=kvm-win7 为虚拟机取名,便于识别
-vnc :2 这里是通过vnc连接控制窗口,这里是在5902端口。client可用IP:2
连接。
-usb -usbdevice tablet 启用usb设备中的tablet功能。开启该功能可使虚
拟机内外的鼠标同步。
另外,在安装了磁盘和网卡的半虚拟化驱动后,可以在-drive中加入if=virtio
使用磁盘半虚拟化,在-net nic中加入model=virtio使用网卡半虚拟化驱动。
qemu-system-x86_64 –help所得到的帮助信息如下:
QEMU emulator version 0.13.0 (qemu-kvm-0.13.0), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice
Bellard
usage: qemu [options] [disk_image]
'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0
Standard options:
-h or -help display this help and exit
-version display version information and exit
-M machine select emulated machine (-M ? for list)
-cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list)
-smp n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]
set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including
offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
cores= number of CPU cores on one socket
threads= number of threads on one CPU core
sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]
-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
[,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]
[,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|unsafe][,format=f]
[,serial=s][,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]
[,readonly=on|off][,boot=on|off]
use 'file' as a drive image
-set =value
set
i.e. -set drive.$=/path/to/image
-global ty=value
set a global default for a driver property
-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=128]
-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options
-soundhw c1,... enable audio support
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