2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionII ClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosethebesto

neandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(

10points)

Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentca

sesthetrialofRosemaryWest.

Inasignificantoflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea

billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesandwillstrictlycontroltheamountofthatcanbegiventoacase

atrialbegins.

InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMediaSelectCommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe

withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnotsufficientcontrol.

ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecausedaofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe

ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudgestoParliament.

TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which

theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegallyinBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas

toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.

“PressfreedomswillbeinsafehandsourBritishjudges,”hesaid.

Witn19witnesseswere

nswereraised

witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourttoguiltyverdicts.

31. [A]asto [B]forinstance [C]inparticular

[C]focusing

[D]suchas

[D]fastening

[D]draft

[D]improper

32. [A]tightening

33. [A]sketch

34. [A]illogical

[B]intensifying

[B]rough

[B]illegal

[C]preliminary

[C]improbable

35. [A]publicity [B]penalty

36. [A]since

37. [A]sided

[B]if

[C]popularity

[C]before

[D]peculiarity

[D]as

[B]shared

[B]offer

[C]complied

[D]agreed

[D]indicate

[D]Exposure

38. [A]present

39. [A]Release

[C]manifest

[B]Publication [C]Printing

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40. [A]storm [B]rage [C]flare

[D]flash

[D]demonstration 41. [A]translation [B]interpretation

42. [A]betterthan

43. [A]changes

44. [A]binding

[B]otherthan

[B]make

[C]exhibition

[C]ratherthan

[C]sets

[D]soonerthan

[D]turns

[D]sustaining

[D]qualified

[B]convincing

[C]restraining

[C]entitled

45. [A]authorized [B]credited

46. [A]with [B]to [C]from

[D]by

[D]issue

[D]told

[D]that

[D]guarantee

47. [A]impact

48. [A]stated

49. [A]what

[B]incident

[B]remarked

[B]when

[C]inference

[C]said

[C]which

50. [A]assure [B]confide [C]ensure

SectionIII ReadingComprehension

Text1

Specializationcanbeseenasaresp

splittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisf

cializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocesso

rwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.

Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoa

heless,theword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedinto

thescientificcommunityand,inparticular,wthofspecializationinthenineteenth

century,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextraining,impliedgreaterproblemsforamateurpar

ndwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematical

orlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.

AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasinge

mphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butal

us,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwe

ntiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflect

on,rs,ontheotherhand,

overallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenre

inforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyse

icalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournal

shavenowrsimilarprocessofdiffer

entiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereasth

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eamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.

AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologydur

ingthenineteenthcentury,ncegenerally,ho

wever,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.

51. Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas________.

[A]sociologyandchemistry

[B]physicsandpsychology

[C]sociologyandpsychology

[D]physicsandchemistry

52. Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandprofessionalisation

[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience

[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity

[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones

53. Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate________.

[A]theprocessofspecializationandprofessionalisation

[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy

[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications

[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs

54. Thedirectreasonforspecializationis________.

[A]thedevelopmentincommunication

[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation

[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge

[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocieties

Text2

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(inf

ormation)andIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwen

slessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,

earereasonstobeoptimistic.

nternetbecomesmoreandmoreco

mmercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential

dmoregovernments,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehind,wanttospreadInternetacce

thenextdecadeortwo,ult,Inowbelievet

tisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmayw

ellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’

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tithasenormouspotential.

Totakeadvantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprej

iesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereignt

ymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructure(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)

heUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’tiswhyAmerica’sSecondW

aveinfrastructure--includingroads,harbors,highways,l

ish,theGermans,theDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’ant

hoownsthemnow?vethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslike

eforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastruc

ture,whichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructure,thebetteroffyou’esn’tmeanlyingdownandbec

omingfooled,oesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanb

einbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.

55. Digitaldivideissomething________.

[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet

[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor

[C]theworldmustguardagainst

[D]consideredpositivetoday

56. GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit________.

[A]offerseconomicpotentials

[B]canbringforeignfunds

[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty

[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld

57. ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof________.

[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas

[B]preventingforeigncapital’scontrol

[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure

[D]acceptingforeigninvestment

58. Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.

[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically

[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants

[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern

[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporations

Text3

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEd

anizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalism

credibilityproject.

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Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgramma

rmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.

urnalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates

(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’rwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomcultu

rethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“s

tandardtemplates”entsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreporter

sinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,sidentsinthesecommunitiesw

erephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.

RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,h

avemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownroot

sinacommunity.

Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventiona

onishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutint

hedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.

Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,atroubledbusinessthatkeepshi

sponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityproj

ectdedeverseemstogetaroundto

noticingthed,itwouldopenupitsdive

rsityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,e

ducation,andclass.

59. Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

[A]needsofthereadersallovertheworld

[B]causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers

[C]originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry

[D]aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject

60. Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe________.

[A]quitetrustworthy

[B]somewhatcontradictory

[C]veryilluminating

[D]rathersuperficial

61. Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir________.

[A]workingattitude

[B]conventionallifestyle

[C]worldoutlook

[D]educationalbackground

62. Despiteitsefforts,thenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits________.

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