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2024年7月1日发(作者：企业宣传ppt模板)
独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，可以理解为一个在句中作状语的短语，主要有两部
分构成：逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。用于修饰整个句子，可置于句前、句中、句末，常由逗号
将其与主句分开。独立主格结构与主句间不能有任何连接词。独立主格结构的主语与句子
的主语不同。独立主格结构主要有两种“逻辑主语+非谓语动”“逻辑主语
+n/adj/adv/”此外，“with+复合宾语”也看做是独立主格结构的一种形
式。Eg
No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class.(=If no one wakes me
up…)
Lots of work to do,I have to work extra hours.(=As/Because I have lots of work
to do…)
We divided the work, he to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.
All the students having sat down,the lecture begin.(=After all the students had
sat down…)
His hands waving in the air, the little boy ran away.(=As His hands was waving
in the air )伴随状语。
The guide leading the way way, we had no trouble getting out of the
forest.(=As The guide led the way way…)
Time permitting, we will answer your questions after the discussion.(=If time
permits… )
The test finished,we’ll have our summer vacation.（After The test has been
finished）
The signal given,the train started.
When in trouble,Sadie would sit alone,head bent.
Jim was listening attentively to the lecture,all his attention fixed on it.
Thousands of eyes fixed on her,Nora felt nervous.(=As Thousands of eyes
were fixed on her…)
Many funny pictures included in the book,a great many children love reading
it.
The book written in simple English, we can accept it more easily.(If the book
is written more easily…)
More time given,we can finish the work.
Note the difference:
So much work to do,I’ll have to work this Sunday.
So much work done,I had a nice holiday.
So much work being done,I can’t spare any minute.
Other forms of absolute structure
(1). n./pron.+ adj
child entered the room ,his nose red with cold .
The old worker emerged from under the car,his hands dirty with machine oil.
(2).n./pron.+
He came into the classroom, a book in his hand.
Dark clouds in the sky, it’s going to rain soon.
Toy in hand,the boy stopped crying.
(3).n/pron+n
Many people came to visit the city,most of them foreigners.
Many Christmas gifts were sent out,some of them books.
(4). n/pron +adv
He put on his socks, wrong side out.他袜子穿反了。
The music on, I can’t focus my mind on the work.
以上结构为无动词独立主格结构，可以看作是“n./pron.+being+表语”省略了
being.
在表方式的独立主格结构中为了使句子简洁、明快，往往独立主格结构中的
article/pron省略。
The guard stood by the door,(a) gun in (his) hand.
“With/without +复合宾语”结构在句中做原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。主要有以
下几种情况
(1).
with+n/pron+adj
With the floor wet,I had to stay outside.
With the door open,the noise of the machine is almost deafening.
(2).
with+n/pron+adv
I can’t go to sleep with the lights on.
I prefer to read with music on.
(3).
with+n/pron+
With so much information on the internet,it really takes time to search for
what we need.
Life is like a long journey with a heavy load on the back.
(4).
with+n/pron+infinitive
With the boy to lead the way
,we’ll find the cave easily.
(5).
with+n/pron+doing
Without anyone to noticing,I stole into the room.
With so many children talking and laughing,I could’t settle down to my
work.
(6)
with+n/pron+done
The boy was crying with the toy broken.
You should go to sleep with the light turned off..
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