医学专业英语前后缀及词根

•a-[无，缺]

▲anemia[贫血]

▲ atonia[无张力]

▲ asymptomatic[无症状的]

▲ amenorrhea[闭经]

•ab-[分离]

▲ abduct [外展]

▲ abscision[切除]

•acou (acu)-[听觉]

▲ acumeter [听力计]

▲ acouophone[助听器]

•acro-[肢端]

▲ acromegaly[肢端肥大症]

▲ acromastitis[乳头炎]

•ad (af, an)-[邻近，向上]

▲ adrenal [肾上腺]

▲ adaxial[近轴的]

▲ annexa[附件]

•-ad[……侧]

▲ ventrad[向腹侧]

▲ cephalad[向头侧]

•adeno-[腺]

▲ adenocyte[腺细胞]

▲ adenoidism[腺体病]

•adipo-[脂肪]

▲ adiposis[肥胖症]

▲ adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死]

•adreno-[肾上腺]

▲ adrenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激

素]

▲ adrenalin[肾上腺素]

▲ adrenal[肾上腺]

•-aemia(emia)[血症]

▲ bacteremia[菌血症]

▲ leukemia[白血病]

•-albi (albino)-[白色]

▲ albumin[白蛋白]

▲ albinism[白化病]

•-algesia[痛觉]

▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退]

•-algia[痛]

▲arthralgia[关节痛]

▲cephalgia[头痛]

▲neuralgia[神经痛]

•alkali-[碱]

▲alkalosis[碱中毒]

•alveo-[牙槽，小沟]

▲alveolitis[牙槽炎]

▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡

炎]

•ambi-[复，双]

▲ ambiopia[复视]

▲ ambivert[双重性格]

•ambly-[弱]

▲amblyopia[弱视]

▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝]

•amylo-[淀粉]

▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶]

▲amylase[淀粉酶]

•angio-[血管]

▲angiography[血管造影术]

▲angioedema[血管性水肿]

▲angeitis[脉管炎]

▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤]

•ante-[前]

▲antenatal[出生前的]

▲anteflexion[前屈]

•antero-[前]

▲anterolateral[前侧壁]

▲anteroventral[前腹侧]

•anti-[抗，反]

▲antibiotics[抗生素]

▲antihypertensives[降压药]

▲anticoagulant[抗凝剂]

•rarchno-[蛛网膜]

▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎]

•archo-[肛门，直肠]

▲archorrhagia[肛门出血]

▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器]

•arterio-[动脉]

▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛]

▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化]

•arthro-[关节]

▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺]

▲arthrotomy[关节切开术]

▲arthritis[关节炎]

•-ase[酶]

▲oxidase[氧化酶]

▲proteinase[蛋白酶]

•-asthenia[无力]

▲myasthenia[肌无力]

▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱]

•audio(audito)-[听力]

▲audiology[听觉学]

▲audiometer[听力计]

•auto-[自己]

▲autoimmune[自身免疫]

▲auto hemotherapy[自体血疗法]

•bacilli-[杆菌]

▲bacillosis[杆菌病]

▲bacilluria[杆菌尿]医学 全

在.线提供

•bacterio-[细菌]

▲bacteriology[细菌学]

▲bactericide[杀菌剂]

•baro-[压力]

▲barometer [压力计]

▲baroreceptor[压力感受器]

•bary-[迟钝]

▲barylalia[言语不清]

▲baryacusia[听觉迟钝]

•bi-[双]

▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]]

▲bilateral[两侧的]

•bili-[胆汁]

▲bilirubin[胆红素]

•bio-[生命]

▲biology[生物学]

▲biopsy[活检]

•-blast[母细胞]

▲spermatoblast[精子细胞]

▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞]

▲osteoblast[成骨细胞]

•brachy-[短]

▲brachypnea[气短]

▲brachydactylia[短指畸形]

•brady-[迟缓]

▲bradycardia[心动过缓]

▲bradypsychia[精神不振]

•broncho-[支气管]

▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查]

▲bronchiostenosis[支气管痉挛]

▲bronchitis[支气管炎]

•bronchiolo-[细支气管]

▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张]

•calci-[钙]

▲calcification[钙化]

▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症]

•carbo-[碳]

▲carbohydrate[碳水化合物]

▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症]

•carcino-[癌]

▲carcinogen[致癌物]

•cardio-[心，贲门]

▲cardiotonics[强心剂]

▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术]

•-cele[疝，肿物]

▲omphalocele[脐疝]

▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂]

▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出]

•celio-[腹]

▲celialgia[腹痛]

▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查]

•-centesis[穿刺]

▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术]

▲abdominocentesis[腹穿]

•cephalo-[头]

▲cephaloxia[斜颈]

▲cephalopathy[头部疾病]

▲cephalotomy[穿颅术]

•cerebello-[小脑]

▲cerebellitis[小脑炎]

▲cerebellum[小脑]

•cerebro-[大脑]

▲cerebritis[大脑炎]

▲cerebrology[脑学]

•chemo-[化学]

▲chemotherapy[化疗]

•chloro-[绿，氯]

▲chloroform[氯仿]

▲chloromycetin[氯霉素]

▲chlorophyll[叶绿素]

•cholangio-[胆道]

▲cholangitis[胆管炎]

▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张]

•cholo-[胆]

▲cholagogue[利胆剂]

▲cholelithiasis[胆石症]

▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎]

▲cholesterol[胆固醇]

•chondro-[软骨]

▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤]

▲chondrification[骨软化]

•chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细

胞色素]

▲chromosome[染色体]

•-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀

菌剂]

▲aborticide[堕胎药]

•circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口

周的]

▲circumcision[包皮环切术]

•coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血

剂]

•colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切

开术]

▲coloptosis[结肠下垂]

•colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲

coleospastia[阴道痉挛]

▲colposcope[阴道镜]

•contra-[反，逆] ▲

contraindication[禁忌证]

▲contraceptive[避孕药]

•counter-[反，逆] ▲

counteragent[拮抗剂]

▲conuterpoison[解毒剂]

•cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅

骨软化]

▲cranioclasis[碎颅术]

•-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开

术]

▲dacryocyst[泪囊]

•-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴

细胞]

▲cytolysis[细胞溶解]

•de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解

毒]

•dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学]

▲dentalgia[牙痛]

•-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮]

▲dermatology[皮肤病学]

▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术]

•dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右

位心]

▲dexiotropic[右旋的]

•dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离

术]

▲disinfection[消毒法]

•duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲

duodenitis[十二指肠炎]

▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口

术]

•-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体

痛]

▲urethrodynia[尿道痛]

•dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能

不良]

▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍]

▲dysuria[排尿困难]医学全在

线

•-ectasis[扩张] ▲

gastroectasis[胃扩张]

▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气]

▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩

张]

•-ectomy[切除术] ▲

appendectomy[阑尾切除术]

▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术]

•-edema[水肿] ▲

encephaledema[脑水肿]

▲myxedema[粘液性水肿]

•-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕

血]

▲helminthemesia[吐虫]

•encephalo-[脑] ▲

encephaloma[脑瘤]

▲encephaledema[脑水肿]

•endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内

膜炎]

▲endoscope[内窥镜]

•entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎]

▲enterovirus[肠病毒]

•epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹

部]

•erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红

霉素]

▲erythroderma[红皮病]

•esophago-[食管] ▲

esophagoscope[食管镜]

▲esophagitis[食管炎]

•extra-[……外] ▲

extracellular[细胞外的]

▲extrasystole[额外收缩]

•facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面

瘫]

▲facioplasty[面部成形术]

•-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的]

▲uviofast[耐紫外线]

•febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热]

▲febrifacient[致热的]

•feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠

期卫生]

▲fetometry[胎儿测量法]

•fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤

维细胞]

▲fibrosis[纤维化]

•fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑]

▲forehead[前额]

•-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的]

▲granuliform[颗粒状的]

•fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀

真菌剂]

▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用]

•gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃

下垂]

▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎]

▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查]

▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩]

•-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原]

▲pathogen[病原体]

▲androgen[雄激素]

▲Estrogen[雌激素]

•-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心

源性的]

▲allergenic[变应反应]

•giganto-[巨大] ▲

gigantocyte[巨红细胞]

▲gigantism[巨大症]

•gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙

龈炎]

▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口

腔炎]

•glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌

瘫痪]

•gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖

蛋白]

▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激

素]

•glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原]

▲glycouria[糖尿]

•-grade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏

温度计]

▲retrograde[逆行性]

•-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克]

▲electroencephalogram[脑电

图]

•-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲

electrocardiogram[心电图]

▲bronchography[支气管造影

术]

•gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇

科学]

▲gynecopathy[妇科病]

•hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲

hemoglobin[血红蛋白]

▲hematoma[血肿]

•hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]

▲hemicrania[偏头病]

•hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎]

▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化]

▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿

大]

•hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多

汗症]

▲anhidrosis[无汗症]

•histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织

学]

▲histomorphology[组织形态

学]

•holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全

麻]

▲holoenzyme[全酶]

•homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型]

▲homologue[同系物]

▲homoplasty[同种移植术]

•hydro-[水] ▲

hydropericardium[心包积水]

▲hydrolysis [水解]

•hypr-[高] ▲

hypercalcemia[高钙血症]

▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢]

•hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠

药]

▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法]

•hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血

压]

▲hypoglycemia[低血糖]

•hystero-[子宫] ▲

hysterospasm[子宫痉挛]

▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂]

•-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症]

▲pyrexia[发热]

•-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿

科学]

▲geriatrics[老年病学]

•-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神

病学]

▲pediatry[儿科学]

•immuno-[免疫] ▲

immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白]

▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法]

•infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶

下的]

▲infrared[红外线]

•inter-[间] ▲

intervertebral[椎间的]

▲intercellular[细胞间的]

•intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉

内的]

▲intracranial[颅内的]

▲intramuscular[肌肉内的]

•-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学

家]

▲anatomist[解剖学家]

•-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝

织炎]

▲myocarditis[心肌炎]

•leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲

leucorrhea[白带]

▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多]

▲leukemia[白血病]

•lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增

多]

▲lipase[脂酶]

•-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结

石]

▲cholelithiasis[胆石症]

•-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语

学]

▲Cardiology[心脏病学]

•lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶

部的]

▲lumbago[腰背痛]

▲lumbodynia[腰痛]

•lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋

巴水肿]

▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞

减少]

•-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲

aythrolysis[关节松解术]

▲spasmolytic[解痉的]

•macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细

胞]

▲macromolecule[大分子]

•mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养

不良]

▲malfunction[功能不全]

•-megaly[巨大] ▲

cardiomegaly[心扩大]

▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形]

•meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑

膜炎]

▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑

炎]

•meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛

经]

▲menopause[停经]

•-meter[表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活

量计]

▲pyrometer[高温表]

•-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定

量法]

•micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵]

▲microliter[微升]

•mono-[单-] ▲mononucleosis[单

核细胞增多]

▲monomer[单体]

•multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多

核的]

▲multipara[经产妇]

•myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨

出]

▲myelocyte[髓细胞]

•myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌

炎]

▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤]

•naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜]

▲nasitis[鼻炎]

•neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤]

▲neomycin[新霉素]

•nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾

病]

▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变]

•neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤]

▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮

炎]

•non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非

电解质]

▲nonfetal[非致命的]

•nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产

妇]

▲nulligravida[未孕妇]

•nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养]

▲nutrology[营养学]

•oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生]

▲oculus dexter[右眼]

▲oculus sinister[左眼]

•oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智

力发育不全]

▲oliguria[少尿]

•-oma[肿瘤] ▲adenoma[腺瘤]

▲osteoma[骨瘤]

•onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学]

▲oncogene[癌基因]医.学 全

在.线提供

•ophthalmo-[眼] ▲

ophthalmocele[眼球突出]

▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹]

•-osis[病] ▲cirrhosis[肝硬化]

▲mycosis[霉菌病]

•osteo-[骨] ▲

osteomalacia[骨软化]

▲osteoarthritis[骨关节炎]

•oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石]

▲otoplasty[耳成形术]

▲otopyosis[耳化脓]

•pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免

疫]

▲pantalgia[全身痛]

▲pantatrophia[全身营养不

良]

•-para[产妇] ▲primipara[初产

妇]

▲nullipara[未产妇]

•-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮

肤病]

▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病]

•pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿

科医师]

▲pediatrics[儿科学]

•-penia[减少] ▲leucopenia[白细

胞减少]

▲thrombopenia[血小板减少]

•per-[经] ▲percutaneous[经皮

肤的]

•peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心

包炎]

▲perianal[肛周的]

•pharmaco-[药] ▲

pharmacokinetics[药代动力学]

▲physicochemistry[药典]

•physio-[物理 ▲

physiotheraphy[理疗]

▲physicochemistry[物理化

学]

•-plasty[成形术] ▲

angioplasty[血管成形术]

▲homoplasty[同种移植]

▲gastroplasty[胃成形术]

•-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫]

▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]

•pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜

炎]

▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺

术]

•-pnea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼

吸]

▲tachypnea[呼吸急促]

•pneumo-[气，肺] ▲

pneumothorax[气胸]

▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌]

•poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿]

▲polycholia[胆汗过多]

•post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后]

▲postoperation[术后]

•pre-[前] ▲premenopause[绝经

前期]

▲premature[早搏]

▲preload[前负荷]

•pseudo-[假] ▲

psudohypertrophy[假性肥大]

▲psudomembranous[假膜的]

•psycho-[精神，心理] ▲

psychology[心理学]

▲psychiatry[精神病学]

•-ptosis[下垂] ▲

nephroptosis[肾下垂]

▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂]

•-ptysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓]

▲hemoptysis[咯血]

•pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓]

▲pyosis[化脓]

•radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放

疗]

▲radiology[放射学]

•recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis[直肠

炎]

▲rectectomy[直肠切除术]

•retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视

网膜炎]

▲retinodialysis[视网膜分

离]

•rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎]

▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏]

•-rrhagia[出血] ▲

gastorrhagia[胃出血]

▲hemorrhage[出血]

▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血]

•-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲

neurorrhaphy[神经缝合术]

▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术]

•-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻]

▲menorrhea[月经]

•schisto-[裂] ▲

schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]

▲schistoglossia[舌裂]

•scirrho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬

皮病]

▲scirrhoma[硬癌]

•sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮

病]

▲sclerometer[硬度计]

•-scope(y)[镜，检查] ▲

stethoscope[听诊器]

▲otoscope[耳镜]

▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法]

•semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷]

▲semiliquid[半流汁]

•spondylo-[脊椎] ▲

spondylopathy[脊椎病]

▲spondylitis[脊椎炎]医.学

全,在.线,提供

•-stomy[造口术] ▲colostomy[结肠

造口术]

▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合

术]

•sub-[下，亚] ▲subacute[亚急性]

▲subabdominal[下腹部的]

•super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅

的]

▲superoxide[超氧化物]

•supra-[上] ▲

supraventricular[室上性的]

▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能

亢进]

•tachy-[快] ▲tachycardia[心动

过速]

▲tachypnea[呼吸急促]

•-therapy[治疗] ▲

massotherapy[按摩治疗]

▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗]

•thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度

计]

▲thermatology[热疗学]

•thrombo-[血栓，血小板] ▲

thrombolysis[溶栓]

▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减

少症]

▲thrombosis[血]

•-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气

管切开术]

▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术]

•tracheo-[气管] ▲

tracheoscope[气管镜]

▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血]

•trans-[经，转移] ▲

transurethral[经尿道]

▲transfusion[输血]

•-trophy[营养] ▲

dystrophy[营养不良]

▲atrophy[萎缩]

•ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫

外线]

▲ultrasound[超声]

•utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫

镜]

▲uterotonic[宫缩剂]

•vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管

舒缩]

▲Vasodilator[血管扩张

剂]

． 人体主要器官前缀

名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词

示例

心 heart cardiao- cardial

cardium/carditis/cardiology

脑 brain encepholo- cerebral

cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalol

ogy

肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary

pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonol

ogy

肝 liver hepato- hepatic

hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatolo

gy

胃 stomach gastro- gastric

gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastr

ology

胆 gallbladder chole- biliary

holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecy

stectomy

肠 intestine entero- intestinal

enteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾 spleen splen- splenic

splenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic

pancreatitis/pancreatectomy

肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephric

nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）

缀

名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例

血 blood hemo-/hemato

hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管 vessel vaso-

vasopressor/cardiovasology/vereb

rovascular

静脉 vein veno-

venography/intravenous/venoconst

riction

动脉 artery arterio-

arteriology/arteriole/arterioscl

erosis

肌 muscle myo-

mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓 marrow myel-/myelo-

myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神经 nerve neur-/neyro-

neurology/neuritis/neuron

细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte

cytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿 urine uro-/ur-

urology/urosurgery/urogenital

体 body somato-/some

somatology/somatopsychic/chromos

ome

3．与数字有关的前缀

数字 前缀 示例

一（单） mono-/uni-

monomer/monoclone/carbon

monoxide/unidirectional

二 bi-/di-

bilateral/biphasiccarbon

dioxide/dipeptide

三 tri-

trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal

nerve

四 tetra-

tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegi

a

五 penta-

pentagon/pentachromic/pentachlor

ide

六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene

hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccomp

iund

七 hepta-

heptachromic/heptaploid/heptaval

ent

八 octa- octahedral/octal system

九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon

十 deca-

decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前

缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷

醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十

四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十

八烷酸）

4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀

颜色 通用名 前缀 示例

色 color chrom-/chromo-

chromosome/chromatin/chromatomet

er

红 red erythro-

erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/eryth

rometer

白 white leuko-

leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑 black melano-

melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黄 yellow xantho-

xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

蓝 blue cyan-/cyano

cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫 violet/purple

绿 green

棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring

橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl

orange/orange G

粉红 pink oink frothy sputum

绯红 crimson

青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”

为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.

5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)

含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例

病 patho-

pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy -pathic

neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopath

y

病态 -osis -otic

neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosom

iasis

增多

leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/gr

anulocytosis

减少 -penia -penic

leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/

granulocytopenia

1

无 a-/an-

atypical/anuria/agranulocytopeni

a

小/微 -let

droplet/platelet/leaflet

micro-

microscopy/microorganism/micronu

cleus

大/巨 macro-

macroscopic/macronucleus/macroph

age

-megaly

splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatome

galy

复合/多 poly-

polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛 pan-

pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemi

c

6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)

含义 前（后）缀 示例

相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability

困难/障碍 dys-

dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良 mal-

malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎症 -it is

appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血症 -emia

leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-

analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹 -plegia

hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出 -rrhea

diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

坏死 -necrosis necro-/necr-

hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermi

a

结石 litho-/-lith

lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7．与方位有关的前缀

含义 通用词 前缀 示例

上 upper/superior pi-/supra-

epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub-

infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante-

forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis

/pre-

后 back/posterior post-/retro-

posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento-

inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外 outer/external ex-/exo-

extract/excretion/exocardial

间 between inter-

intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副 on the side of para-

parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周 around peri-

perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心 central centri-/centra-

centrifugation/centralize/centronucleu

s

/centro-

反/对 opposite counter-/contra-

counterpart/countershock/contraindicat

ion

注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;in

vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in

situ/in’saitju:/原位

8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀

含义 前（后）缀 示例

切除 -ectomy

appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切开 -tomy

tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome

吻合 -stomy

duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形术 -plasty

tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矫）形 ortho-

orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影 -graphy

angiography/nephrography/phlebography

经… trans-

transdominal/translateral/transurethra

l

注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：

ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy

心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：

electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，

文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。

9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀

含义 前（后）缀 示例

酸盐 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol

醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal

酮 -one acetone/progesterone/ketone

糖 glyco- glycogenolysis

saccharo- saccharomyces

-saccharide polysaccharide

酶 -ase reductase/transminase/kinase

素 -in penicillin/heparin/nuclein

原 -gen allogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚 phen-/pheno-

phenol/phenate/phenetidin

氨基 amino-

aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine

10．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀

含义 前（后）缀 示例

杀 -cide/-cidal

insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑 -stasis/-static

bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculosta

tic

驱逐 -fuge febrifuge/centrifuge

抗 -anti

antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脱/除 de-

dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitiz

ation

回/再/复 re-

reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant

冷冻 cryo-

cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprote

ctant

否/去/分离 dis-

disinfection/dissociate/dissection

向后/退行 retro-

retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac

基础词根 （20个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 拉丁源 例词

前 before pro- pre- prognosis (预后) / precardiac (心前的)

上 above hyper-, epi- super- epigastrium(上腹部) /superofrontal

(额上的)

下 below hypo- sub- hypotension（低血压）/ subneural(神经下

的)

内 inside endo- intra- endocrine(内分泌的)/ intervenous(静

脉内的)

多 many, much poly- multi- polyuria(多尿症)/ multipara (经产

妇)

同 sameness homo- iso- homobody(同体)/ isotope (同位素)

异 difference allo- hetero- allosome(异染色体)/

heterotopia(异位)

半 half hemi- semi- hemisection(半切除)/ semicanal (半

管)

一 one mono- uni- monoclonal(单克隆的)/ unicellular (单细

胞的)

二 two di- bi- diarthric(两关节的)/ bidental(双牙

的)

运动系统 （10个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 拉丁源 例词

肌肉 flesh myo- musculo- myofiber(肌纤维)/ musculotendinous(肌

腱的)

骨 bone osteo- os- osteoporosis(骨质疏松)/ ossa

pedis (足骨)

关节 joint arthro- articulo- arthritis(关节炎)/

articulation (关节)

椎骨 vertebra spondylo- vertebro- spondylodynia脊椎痛/

vertebrocostal(椎肋的)

脊柱 backbone rachio- spino- rachiomyelitis(脊髓炎)/

spinocortical(脊髓皮质的)

心血管系统 （10个 +备用 8个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 拉丁源 例词

心 heart cardio- cor- cardiology(心脏病学)/ cor bovinum

(牛心症)

心房 atrium atrio- aurico- atrium(心房)/ auricula (心房)

血 blood hemo- hemato- hemoglobin(血红蛋白)/ hematology (血液

学)

血管 vessel angio- vaso- angiofibroma(血管纤维瘤)/ vascular

(血管的)

静脉 vein phlebo- veno- phlebology(静脉学)/ venoclysis (静

脉输注)

快 fast tachy- tachycardia (心动过速)

慢 slow brady bradycardia (心动过缓)

主动脉aorto------- main artery

毛细血管capillo------slim vessel

血栓thrombo--------clot of blood

血清sero-------watery part of blood.

淋巴lympho-----colorless fluid from the tissues or organs of the body,containing

white-cells.

胸腺thymo-----a kind of gland in chest.

呼吸系统 （6个 + 备用5个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 拉丁源 例词

呼吸 breath pneumo- spiro- pneumocardiography(呼吸心动描记法)/

spirography(呼吸描记法)

鼻 nose rhino- naso- rhinoplasty(鼻整形术)/ nasolabial (鼻

唇的)

肺 lung pneumono- pulmo- pneumonia (肺炎)/ pulmonologist (肺脏病学

家)

咽 pharyngo----

喉 laryngo------the hollow box like part in your throat where you make voice

sounds

气管 tracheo----wind-pipe

支气管 broncho----slim windpipe

胸膜 pleuro----delicate membrance of the thorax and the lungs.

呼吸 -pnea -----breathe

消化系统 （第一组 10个； 第二组 10个；备用7个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 拉丁源 例词

消化 digestion pepso- gesto- pepsin(胃蛋白酶)/

口 mouth stomato- oro- stomatology(口腔医学)/ oronasal(口

鼻的)

舌 tongue glosso- linguo- glossocele(大舌病)/ lingular (小

舌的)

牙 teeth odonto- dento- odontoma(牙瘤)/ dentist(牙医)

肝 liver hepato- jeco- hepatization(肝样变)/ jecorize (鱼

肝油化)

胆 gall bladder chole- bili- cholecyst(胆囊)/

biligenensis(

胆汁生成)

肠 gut entero- intestino- enterococcin(肠球菌素)/

intestinotoxin(肠毒素)

直肠 rectum procto- recto- proctectomy (直肠切除术)/ rectum

(直肠)

肛门 anus procto- ano- proctodynia(肛部痛)/ anus (肛

门)

糖 glucose glyco- saccharo- glycogen(糖原)/ saccharose (蔗糖)

食道 esophago-

胃 gastro-

幽门 pyloro-

阑尾 appendo-

胆囊 cholecysto-

胰腺 pancreato-

酶 -ase

泌尿系统 （6个+4个= 10个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 拉丁源 例词

肾 kidney nephro- reno- nephrosis(肾变病)/ renocortical (肾

皮质的)

肾盂 renal pelvis pyelo- pelvi- pyelopathy(肾盂病)/ pelviostpmy(肾盂

造口术)

膀胱 bladder cysto- vesico- cystotome(膀胱刀)/ vesicocolic(膀

胱结肠的)

尿 urine uro- urocyst (膀胱)

水 water hydro- hydromyelia (脊髓积水)

球菌 coccus cocco- coccobacillus(球杆菌)

结石 stone litho- litholysis(结石溶解)

皮肤、感觉器官 （6个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 拉丁源 例词

皮肤 skin dermato- cutaneo- dermatitis(皮炎)/ cutaneomucosal(皮

粘膜的)

眼 eye ophthalmo- oculo- ophthalmosurgery(眼外科)/

耳 ear oto- auri- otology(耳科学)/ auriform(耳状的)

药理学 （2个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 拉丁源 例词

药 drug pharmaco- medicine pharmacogenetics(药物遗传学)

疗法 treatment -therapy remedy chemotherapy(化疗)

诊断 （7个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 例词

表，量器 measure -meter thermometer (温度计)

度量，测量 to measure -metry pelvimetry (骨盆测量法)

图，像 a mark -gram electrocardiogram (心电图)

图 -graph electrocardiograph (心动电流描记器)

书写，记录 to write -graphy electrocardiography (心动电流描记法)

镜 to examine -scope endoscope (内镜)

检查法 to examine -scopy endoscopy (内镜检查术)

外科学 （6个）

汉义 英词 希腊源 例词

切开 cutting -tomy anatomy (解剖)

切除 cut away -ectomy appendectomy (阑尾切除术)

造口 opening -stomy gastrostomy (胃造口术)

成形 shape -plasty cardioplasty (贲门成形术)

缝合 sew -rrhaphy herniorraphy (疝缝手术)

固定术 fixation -pexy hepatopexy (肝固定术)

典型词素 （第一组 10个； 第二组 9个）

情况 -ia anoxia (缺氧症)

瘤 -oma carcinoma (癌)

炎症 -itis hepatitis (肝炎)

痛 -algia arthralgia (关节痛)

痛 -dynia osteodynia (骨痛)

血症 -emia leukemia (白血病)

尿 -uria oliguria (少尿症)

病态，状态 -osis sclerosis (硬化症)

贫乏，缺少 -penia erythropenia (红细胞减少)

患病状态，疾病 -pathy myopathy (肌病)

细胞 cell -cyte monocyte (单核细胞)

体 -some chromosome（染色体）

嗜 -phil acidophilia （嗜酸性）

杀死 -cide germicide（杀虫剂）

溶解 -lysis hemolysis (溶血)

溢出 -(o)rrhea diarrhea（腹泻）

恐惧 -phobe hydrophobia(恐水症)

…学科 -iatry/ -iatrics pediatrics (儿科)

..状的 -form filiform (线形的)

成…细胞 -blast osteoblast (成骨细胞)

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