2020-2021某大学《生物专业英语》期末课程考试试卷(含答案)

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2020-2021《生物专业英语》期末课程考试试卷

适用专业

试卷所需时间

120分钟

试卷总分

100分

考试日期

开卷/闭卷

闭卷

成 绩

一、短语翻译（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）

1、 醇类物质的命名；2. 诱导和反馈抑制 3. 分支代谢途径调节 4. 酶的固定化

5、核苷酸和核酸 6、微生物和病毒 7、常规分批发酵法酒精生产工艺 8、黑曲霉柠檬酸

生产的生物化学 9、L-谷氨酸的发酵 10细菌的基因克隆;

二、根据专业词汇的构词法翻译下列专业词汇（共10小题，每小题2

分，共20分）

1、Dihydroxyacetone; 2、Deoxyribonucleic acid；3、Monocarboxylic acid; 4、Multilayered; 5、

Coenzyme； 6、Immunoradioautography; 7、polysaccharide; 8、Tricarboxylic acid cycle；9、

Macromolecule；10、Biodegradable surfactant;

三、阅读理解（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）

(一) Regulation of Branched Metabolic Pathway

Biosynthetic metabolic pathways often have a common enzyme sequence and then branch

leading to more than one end-product. Microorganisms have evolved feedback mechanisms,

whereby a build-up of one end-product cause a feedback effect on the first enzyme of the branch

leading to that product. In addition, mechanisms exist whereby the end-product of a branched

pathway causes partial feedback inhibition of the first enzymes of the common sequence so that the

flux of substrate passing through this sequence is proportionately reduced. This effect is achieved by

use of isoenzymes, concerted feedback regulation and cumulative feedback regulation. These

regulatory effect can be of two types: inhibition of enzyme activity and repression of enzyme

synthesis. Where isoenzymes (multiple enzyme forms capable of catalysing the same reaction) are

involved, the synthesis or inhibition of each enzyme form may be regulated by a different

end-product. With concerted feedback regulation, only one enzyme is involved, but more than one

product must be present to inhibit activity or repress enzyme synthesis. With cumulative feedback

regulation, each end-product causes partial inhibition or repression and all end-products are required

to completely block activity or synthesis.

1. In the first sentence, ‘a common enzyme sequence’ means:

(1) the reaction sequence catalysed by the enzymes

(2) that the enzyme has the same amino acids sequence

2. In concerted feedback regulation the enzyme is inhibited and repressed by

(1) several kinds of end-products

(2) only one kind of end-product

3. The isoenzymes means:

(1) the enzymes have different functions

(2) the enzymes are capable of catalysing the same reaction

4. With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes:

(1) complete inhibition and repression

(2) partial inhibition or repression

(二） Immobilization of enzymes

Enzymes are often used as nonrecoverable chemical reagents, in which case they are added to

the substrate incubated at the required temperature and pH for a period and subsequently destroyed.

Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are used in this way. Alternatively, enzymes

may be attached to an inert support (immobilized). This offers the advantages of (1) recovery and

re-use of the enzymes, in batch reactors; or (2) the development of continuously operated enzyme

reactions similar to continuous fermentation systems used for microorganisms; (3) the possibility of

multi-enzyme systems; and (4) the enzyme does not remain in the processed solution. However,

there are some disadvantages, the enzyme may be stabilized by immobilization but it may also lose

activity, and the process becomes technically more complex.

There are many ways to immobilize enzymes, the common procedures involve (1)absorption to

an insoluble support of either organic or inorganic origin. Cellulose, dextran, nylon and bentonite are

some of the many carriers that have been used. Attachment may be by physical adsorption, ionic

binding or covalent bonding. (2) Entrapment methods in which the enzyme is localized within a

polymer matrix are popular and include gel or fiber entrapment and microencapsulation in which the

enzyme is enclosed within sperical semipermeable polymer membranes. (3) A simple but effective

procedure is to immobilize the enzyme within the host cell by heat treatment or covalent

cross-linking following by pelleting the cells.

Are the following statements true or false?

（1） Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are destroyed after the

enzyme-catalyzed reaction is completed ( )

（2） The advantages of immobilization of the enzymes include the stability of the enzymes

and the increase of the enzyme activity ( )

（3） By immobilization of the enzymes, it is possible to operate the enzyme reactions

continuously ( )

（4） In the last paragraph, the word “insoluble support” has the same meaning as the word

“carrier”

多。(p39)

3. 在细菌细胞中，大多数mRNAs是不稳定的，在50℃它们的半衰期是2-4 min.

4. 自然界存在成千上万种微生物，但目前只有相当少数得到了开发利用。

5. 这种产品生产费用高，但产品价格仅20元/kg。

四、英译汉（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）

(1) Previously, enzymes were prepared mainly from animal organs and plant seeds. However, these

sources of enzyme have their limits both in quantity and quality. Microbes, on the contrary, can be

cultured at large scale by simple methods. Also, in this case, selective production of certain enzyme

in large quantities is possible by adjusting the conditions of culture. Further, microbes have marked

adaptability, and mutant species can be induced artificially. Thanks to these advantageous properties,

enzymes which cannot be produced from animals and plants can be obtained from microbes.

(2)

The establishment of L-glutamic acid fermentation provided a significant impetus to

the development of microbial production of primary metabolites. Encouraged by the

establishment of the L-glutamic acid fermentation, various research projects have been

carried out in the attempt to isolate wild strains or derive genetic mutants producing

various kinds of amino acids. As a result, almost all of the amino acids are now

commercially produced by fermentation.

五、汉译英（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）

1. 化合物是一种可以分解成两种或两种以上元素的物质

2. 这些微生物的相关特性是它们是非病原性的(nonpathogenic)，而且易于保存，培养时花费不

2020-2021《生物专业英语》期末课程考试试卷答案

二、短语翻译 （20分）

1、 Nomenclature of Alcohols；2. Induction and Feedback Repression 3. Regulation of Branched

Metabolic Pathway 4. Immobilization of Enzymes; 5、Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids; 6、

Microorganisms and Viruses; 7、Conventional Batch Fermentation Processes for Ethanol

Prodection; 8、Biochemistry of citrate Production by A. niger; 9、L-Glutamic Acid Fermentation;

10 Gene Cloning in Bacteria

二、根据专业词汇的构词法翻译下列专业词汇 （20分）

1、二羟基丙酮; 2、脱氧核糖核酸；3、一元羧酸; 4、多层的；5、辅酶； 6、免疫放射自显影

术; 7、多糖；8、三羧酸循环；9、大分子；10、生物可降解表面活性剂

三、阅读理解（20分）

一)、Regulation of Branched Metabolic Pathway

1、（1）；2、（1）3、（2）4、（2）

三） Immobilization of enzymes

1√；2×；3√；4√；

四、英译汉 (20)

(1) 以前、酶主要是从动物组织或植物的种子种获得，但是（从动物组织或植物的种子种获得

的）酶在数量以及质量上都存在一定的局限性。相反，微生物能通过简单的方法进行大规模的

培养，同时，某种酶也可能听过调节培养条件来选择性的大规模生产。另外，微生物有显著的

适应性，而且可以通过人工的方法获得诱变种。由于微生物具有这些优良特性，所以一些不能

通过动物以及植物获得的酶可以从微生物中获得。

(2) L-谷氨酸发酵生产方法的建立极大地促进了微生物触及代谢产物的的发展。基于L-谷氨酸

发酵生产方法的鼓励，开展了各种研究计划来分离野生菌或诱导基因突变来生产各种氨基酸。

结果是，几乎所有的氨基酸现在都可以通过发酵方法来工业化生产。

五、汉译英

1、A compound is a substance that can be split into two or more elements.

2、The relevant characteristics of these microorganisms are that they should be nonpathogenic, easy

to maintain and cheap to grow.

3、Most mRNAs in bacteria are unstable with half-lives of 2-4 minutes at 50℃.

4.

Of the many thousands of microbial species, relatively few are currently exploited

5．The manufacturing cost of the product is high, but the price is only 20 yuan per kg.