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接口测试——HtmlUnit、OkHttp

HtmlUnit、OkHttp

• HtmlUnit
• • • 简单介绍
    • 简单demo
• OkHttp
• • • 简单了解
    • 简单demo

HtmlUnit

简单介绍

1. HtmlUnit相比于HttpClient功能更加强大，就像一个浏览器，是Junit的扩展测试框架之一，该框架模拟浏览器的行为，开发者可以使用其提供的API对页面的元素进行操作。支持HTTP, HTTPS,COOKIE，表单的POST和GET方法,能够对html文档进行包装，页面的各种元素都可以被当作对象进行调用，对JavaScript的支持也比较好。
2. 官网地址：HtmlUnit官网地址
   下载后的如下图所示：
   
   当缺少什么包时，可以尝试去该地址mvnrepository下载响应的jar包。
   我有下载了一个：jquery-3.5.1.jar

简单demo

1. 模拟bugfree登录。并不会真正的打开浏览器
   代码如下：

	@Testpublic void testBugfree() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, MalformedURLException, IOException {String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8081";WebClient client = new WebClient();HtmlPage page1 = client.getPage(url);HtmlElement username= page1.getHtmlElementById("LoginForm_username");HtmlElement password = page1.getHtmlElementById("LoginForm_password");username.type("admin");password.type("123456");HtmlPage page2 = page1.getHtmlElementById("SubmitLoginBTN").click();System.out.println(page2.asXml());}

打印出来的部分内容如下：

2. getDemo
   注意第一个测试方法中的url2,不用使用encode方法，和httpclient中的不同。而带中文的参数，只能用第二个测试方法，机型编码设置。

package demo;import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;import org.eclipse.jetty.util.UrlEncoded;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.FailingHttpStatusCodeException;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpMethod;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.Page;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebRequest;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebResponse;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.util.NameValuePair;public class GetDemo {@Testpublic void testGetNopara() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/skuList";String url2 = "http://146.56.246.116:8080/Supermarket/analysis/lookupprice?goodsCode={\"pId\":\"123457\"}";//String url3 = "=tv&tag=热门&page_limit=50&page_start=0";// 1.创建client对象WebClient client = new WebClient();// 2.创建requestWebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url2), HttpMethod.GET);// 3.执行请求Page page = client.getPage(request);// 4.获得响应WebResponse response = page.getWebResponse();// 5.获得响应正文String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.defaultCharset().forName("utf-8"));System.out.println(result);// 6.关闭Client对象client.close();}@Testpublic void testGetBypara() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {String url3 = "";// 1.创建client对象WebClient client = new WebClient();// 2.创建WebRequestList<NameValuePair> para = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();NameValuePair p1 = new NameValuePair("type", "tv");NameValuePair p2 = new NameValuePair("tag", "热门");NameValuePair p3 = new NameValuePair("page_limit", "50");NameValuePair p4 = new NameValuePair("page_start", "0");para.add(p1);para.add(p2);para.add(p3);para.add(p4);WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url3), HttpMethod.GET);request.setCharset(Charset.forName("utf-8"));request.setRequestParameters(para);// 3.执行请求Page page = client.getPage(request);// 4.获得响应WebResponse response = page.getWebResponse();// 5.获得响应正文String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.defaultCharset().forName("utf-8"));System.out.println(result);// 6.关闭client.close();}
}

结果如下：

3. postDemo
   该demo展示了两种(form、json)请求体的设置，重点在请求体的设置区别。

package demo;import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;import org.testng.annotations.Test;import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.FailingHttpStatusCodeException;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpMethod;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebRequest;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebResponse;public class PostDemo {@Testpublic void testByForm() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {String url = "";// 1.创建Client对象WebClient client = new WebClient();// 2.创建requestWebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.POST);client.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");request.setRequestBody("username=vip&password=secret");WebResponse response = client.getPage(request).getWebResponse();String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));System.out.println(result);client.close();}@Testpublic void testByJSON() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login";WebClient client = new WebClient();WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.POST);// 设置请求体JSONObject user = new JSONObject();user.put("phoneArea", "86");user.put("phoneNumber", "2000");user.put("password", "123456");client.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");request.setRequestBody(user.toString());WebResponse response = client.getPage(request).getWebResponse();String result = response.getContentAsString();System.out.println(result);client.close();}
}

4. cookie的获取及使用。

两个client之间的关联。
核心代码：

//获取
Set<Cookie> cookies = client1.getCookieManager().getCookies();
//使用
Iterator<Cookie> i =cookies .iterator();while (i.hasNext()) {client2.getCookieManager().addCookie(i.next());}

package demo;import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;import org.omg.CORBA.PUBLIC_MEMBER;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.FailingHttpStatusCodeException;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.HttpMethod;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebClient;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebRequest;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.WebResponse;
import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.util.Cookie;public class CookieDemo {// 登录的方法，返回cookiepublic static Set<Cookie> getCookies(JSONObject user) throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login";WebClient client = new WebClient();WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.POST);client.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");request.setRequestBody(user.toString());WebResponse response = client.getPage(request).getWebResponse();String result = response.getContentAsString();System.out.println(result);client.close();return client.getCookieManager().getCookies();}@Testpublic void testGetAddress() throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/fgadmin/address/list";WebClient client = new WebClient();JSONObject user = new JSONObject();user.put("phoneArea", "86");user.put("phoneNumber", "2000");user.put("password", "123456");// 调用上述登录方法，并得到cookieSet<Cookie> cookies_old = getCookies(user);Iterator<Cookie> cookie = cookies_old.iterator();// 将登录产生cookie加入到当前的client对象中。while (cookie.hasNext()) {client.getCookieManager().addCookie(cookie.next());}WebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.GET);WebResponse response = client.getPage(request).getWebResponse();String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));System.out.println(result);}
}

传入当前已有的cookie，get请求，返回json格式的数据

	//传入当前已有的cookie，get请求，返回json格式的数据。public static JSONObject doGet(String url, Set<Cookie> cookies) throws FailingHttpStatusCodeException, IOException {//1.创建client对象WebClient client = new WebClient();Iterator<Cookie> cookie = cookies.iterator();while (cookie.hasNext()) {client.getCookieManager().addCookie(cookie.next());}// 2.创建requestWebRequest request = new WebRequest(new URL(url), HttpMethod.GET);// 3.执行请求Page page = client.getPage(request);// 4.获得响应WebResponse response = page.getWebResponse();// 5.获得响应正文String result = response.getContentAsString(Charset.forName("utf-8"));System.out.println(result);client.close();return JSONObject.parseObject(result);}

更多例子可以去官网快速开始页面查看，部分内容如下：

OkHttp

简单了解

1. OkHttp是square公司推出的一款Android和Java网络请求库，是Android目前最流行的网络库之一。
   官网地址
   github地址

2. RequestBody类：上传数据的核心类，请求体又文件、JSON字符串等多种形式，通常使用的FormBody和MultipartBody

简单demo

1. getDemo

package http;import java.io.IOException;import org.testng.annotations.Test;import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import okhttp3.ResponseBody;public class GetDemo {@Testpublic void testGetNoPara() throws IOException {String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/skuList";//1.创建客户端OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();//2.创建请求RequestRequest request = new Request.Builder().url(url).get().build();//3.获得Call对象，发送请求，获得响应Call call=client.newCall(request);Response response = call.execute();String result = response.code() + "    " + response.message();ResponseBody body = response.body();System.out.println(result);System.out.println(response.headers());System.out.println(body.string());body.close();}
}

2. postDemo

package http;import java.io.IOException;import org.testng.annotations.Test;import com.alibaba.fastjson2.JSONObject;import okhttp3.Call;
import okhttp3.MediaType;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.RequestBody;
import okhttp3.Response;
import okhttp3.ResponseBody;public class PostDemo {@Testpublic void testPostJSON() throws IOException {String url = "http://146.56.246.116:8899/common/fgadmin/login";JSONObject user = new JSONObject();user.put("phoneArea", "86");user.put("phoneNumber", "2000");user.put("password", "123456");OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(user.toString(), MediaType.parse("application/json"));Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(body).build();Call call = client.newCall(request);Response response = call.execute();ResponseBody responseBody = response.body();System.out.println(responseBody.string());responseBody.close();}
}

Form类型的代码部分如下：

FormBody.Builder builder = new FormBody.Builder(); builder.add("userName","zhangsan");builder.add("password","123"); 
FormBody body = builder.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder().post(body) .url(BASE_URL).build(); 

本文标签： 接口测试HtmlUnitOkHttp