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Mac安装brew（2020年踩过无数坑后亲测有效的方法）

换了新电脑

只用了一年的MacBook air因为内存和硬盘不够用光荣退休，更新了定制版的MacBook pro，开心之余也会因为要重新安装一次软件准备才入无数新的坑感到不安。果然在安装brew时就因为没有梯子尝试了多种方法无果。因此成功安装后记录下来以帮助需要的同学。

报错及其原因

许多攻略中安装brew都采用以下命令

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL )" 

但是都指明了要使用梯子，在2020年不使用梯子的话已经不是下载缓慢啦，而是会报错

curl: (7) Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refused

原因是没有梯子访问不了网址

解决方案

从网上查询了多种解决方案，包括使用中科大源等，感觉最合理可行的方案是既然网址访问不了，则直接从网上搜索别人下载的网址对应文件（brew_install.rb),之后再修改该文件中的源路径
变成中科大的路径。亲测成功有效。

具体步骤

1、新建文件夹 /usr/local/Homebrew

sudo mkdir /usr/local/homebrew

2、将以下文件保存到/usr/local/homebrew路径下

#!/usr/bin/ruby
# This script installs to /usr/local only. To install elsewhere (which is
# unsupported) you can untar 
# anywhere you like.
HOMEBREW_PREFIX = "/usr/local".freeze
HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY = "/usr/local/Homebrew".freeze
HOMEBREW_CACHE = "#{ENV["HOME"]}/Library/Caches/Homebrew".freeze
BREW_REPO = "".freeze# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED = "10.15".freeze
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTED = "10.13".freeze# no analytics during installation
ENV["HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS_THIS_RUN"] = "1"
ENV["HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS_MESSAGE_OUTPUT"] = "1"# get nicer global variables
require "English"module Ttymodule_functiondef bluebold 34enddef redbold 31enddef resetescape 0enddef bold(code = 39)escape "1;#{code}"enddef underlineescape "4;39"enddef escape(code)"\033[#{code}m" if STDOUT.tty?end
endclass Arraydef shell_scp = dupfirst = cp.shiftcp.map { |arg| arg.gsub " ", "\\ " }.unshift(first).join(" ")end
enddef ohai(*args)puts "#{Tty.blue}==>#{Tty.bold} #{args.shell_s}#{Tty.reset}"
enddef warn(warning)puts "#{Tty.red}Warning#{Tty.reset}: #{warning.chomp}"
enddef system(*args)abort "Failed during: #{args.shell_s}" unless Kernel.system(*args)
enddef sudo(*args)args.unshift("-A") unless ENV["SUDO_ASKPASS"].nil?ohai "/usr/bin/sudo", *argssystem "/usr/bin/sudo", *args
enddef getcsystem "/bin/stty raw -echo"if STDIN.respond_to?(:getbyte)STDIN.getbyteelseSTDIN.getcend
ensuresystem "/bin/stty -raw echo"
enddef wait_for_userputsputs "Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort"c = getc# we test for \r and \n because some stuff does \r insteadabort unless (c == 13) || (c == 10)
endclass Versioninclude Comparableattr_reader :partsdef initialize(str)@parts = str.split(".").map(&:to_i)enddef <=>(other)parts <=> self.class.new(other).partsenddef to_sparts.join(".")end
enddef macos_version@macos_version ||= Version.new(`/usr/bin/sw_vers -productVersion`.chomp[/10\.\d+/])
enddef should_install_command_line_tools?if macos_version > "10.13"!File.exist?("/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/git")else!File.exist?("/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/git") ||!File.exist?("/usr/include/iconv.h")end
enddef user_only_chmod?(path)return false unless File.directory?(path)mode = File.stat(path).mode & 0777# u = (mode >> 6) & 07# g = (mode >> 3) & 07# o = (mode >> 0) & 07mode != 0755
enddef chmod?(path)File.exist?(path) && !(File.readable?(path) && File.writable?(path) && File.executable?(path))
enddef chown?(path)!File.owned?(path)
enddef chgrp?(path)!File.grpowned?(path)
end# USER isn't always set so provide a fall back for the installer and subprocesses.
ENV["USER"] ||= `id -un`.chomp# Invalidate sudo timestamp before exiting (if it wasn't active before).
Kernel.system "/usr/bin/sudo -n -v 2>/dev/null"
at_exit { Kernel.system "/usr/bin/sudo", "-k" } unless $CHILD_STATUS.success?# The block form of Dir.chdir fails later if Dir.CWD doesn't exist which I
# guess is fair enough. Also sudo prints a warning message for no good reason
Dir.chdir "/usr"####################################################################### script
if RUBY_PLATFORM.to_s.downcase.include?("linux")abort <<-EOABORTTo install Linuxbrew, paste at a terminal prompt:sh -c "$(curl -fsSL .sh)"EOABORT
elsif macos_version < "10.7"abort <<-EOABORT
Your Mac OS X version is too old. See:#{Tty.underline}{Tty.reset}"EOABORT
elsif macos_version < "10.9"abort "Your OS X version is too old"
elsif Process.uid.zero?abort "Don't run this as root!"
elsif !`dsmemberutil checkmembership -U "#{ENV["USER"]}" -G admin`.include?("user is a member")abort "This script requires the user #{ENV["USER"]} to be an Administrator."
elsif File.directory?(HOMEBREW_PREFIX) && (!File.executable? HOMEBREW_PREFIX)abort <<-EOABORT
The Homebrew prefix, #{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}, exists but is not searchable. If this is
not intentional, please restore the default permissions and try running the
installer again:sudo chmod 775 #{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}EOABORT
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
elsif macos_version > MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED || macos_version < MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTEDwho = "We"if macos_version > MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTEDwhat = "pre-release version"elsif macos_version < MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTEDwho << " (and Apple)"what = "old version"elsereturnendohai "You are using macOS #{macos_version.parts.join(".")}."ohai "#{who} do not provide support for this #{what}."puts <<-EOS
This installation may not succeed.
After installation, you will encounter build failures with some formulae.
Please create pull requests instead of asking for help on Homebrew's GitHub,
Discourse, Twitter or IRC. You are responsible for resolving any issues you
experience while you are running this #{what}.EOS
endohai "This script will install:"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/doc/homebrew"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/man/man1/brew.1"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew"
puts "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/etc/bash_completion.d/brew"
puts HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY.to_s# Keep relatively in sync with
# .rb
group_chmods = %w[bin etc include lib sbin share opt varFrameworksetc/bash_completion.d lib/pkgconfigshare/aclocal share/doc share/info share/locale share/manshare/man/man1 share/man/man2 share/man/man3 share/man/man4share/man/man5 share/man/man6 share/man/man7 share/man/man8var/log var/homebrew var/homebrew/linkedbin/brew].map { |d| File.join(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, d) }.select { |d| chmod?(d) }
# zsh refuses to read from these directories if group writable
zsh_dirs = %w[share/zsh share/zsh/site-functions].map { |d| File.join(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, d) }
mkdirs = %w[bin etc include lib sbin share var optshare/zsh share/zsh/site-functionsvar/homebrew var/homebrew/linkedCellar Caskroom Homebrew Frameworks].map { |d| File.join(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, d) }.reject { |d| File.directory?(d) }user_chmods = zsh_dirs.select { |d| user_only_chmod?(d) }
chmods = group_chmods + user_chmods
chowns = chmods.select { |d| chown?(d) }
chgrps = chmods.select { |d| chgrp?(d) }unless group_chmods.empty?ohai "The following existing directories will be made group writable:"puts(*group_chmods)
end
unless user_chmods.empty?ohai "The following existing directories will be made writable by user only:"puts(*user_chmods)
end
unless chowns.empty?ohai "The following existing directories will have their owner set to #{Tty.underline}#{ENV["USER"]}#{Tty.reset}:"puts(*chowns)
end
unless chgrps.empty?ohai "The following existing directories will have their group set to #{Tty.underline}admin#{Tty.reset}:"puts(*chgrps)
end
unless mkdirs.empty?ohai "The following new directories will be created:"puts(*mkdirs)
end
if should_install_command_line_tools?ohai "The Xcode Command Line Tools will be installed."
endwait_for_user if STDIN.tty? && !ENV["CI"]if File.directory? HOMEBREW_PREFIXsudo "/bin/chmod", "u+rwx", *chmods unless chmods.empty?sudo "/bin/chmod", "g+rwx", *group_chmods unless group_chmods.empty?sudo "/bin/chmod", "755", *user_chmods unless user_chmods.empty?sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", ENV["USER"], *chowns unless chowns.empty?sudo "/usr/bin/chgrp", "admin", *chgrps unless chgrps.empty?
elsesudo "/bin/mkdir", "-p", HOMEBREW_PREFIXsudo "/usr/sbin/chown", "root:wheel", HOMEBREW_PREFIX
endunless mkdirs.empty?sudo "/bin/mkdir", "-p", *mkdirssudo "/bin/chmod", "g+rwx", *mkdirssudo "/bin/chmod", "755", *zsh_dirssudo "/usr/sbin/chown", ENV["USER"], *mkdirssudo "/usr/bin/chgrp", "admin", *mkdirs
endsudo "/bin/mkdir", "-p", HOMEBREW_CACHE unless File.directory? HOMEBREW_CACHE
sudo "/bin/chmod", "g+rwx", HOMEBREW_CACHE if chmod? HOMEBREW_CACHE
sudo "/usr/sbin/chown", ENV["USER"], HOMEBREW_CACHE if chown? HOMEBREW_CACHE
sudo "/usr/bin/chgrp", "admin", HOMEBREW_CACHE if chgrp? HOMEBREW_CACHE
system "/usr/bin/touch", "#{HOMEBREW_CACHE}/.cleaned" if File.directory? HOMEBREW_CACHEif should_install_command_line_tools? && macos_version >= "10.13"ohai "Searching online for the Command Line Tools"# This temporary file prompts the 'softwareupdate' utility to list the Command Line Toolsclt_placeholder = "/tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress"sudo "/usr/bin/touch", clt_placeholderclt_label_command = "/usr/sbin/softwareupdate -l | " \"grep -B 1 -E 'Command Line Tools' | " \"awk -F'*' '/^ *\\*/ {print $2}' | " \"sed -e 's/^ *Label: //' -e 's/^ *//' | " \"sort -V | " \"tail -n1"clt_label = `#{clt_label_command}`.chompunless clt_label.empty?ohai "Installing #{clt_label}"sudo "/usr/sbin/softwareupdate", "-i", clt_labelsudo "/bin/rm", "-f", clt_placeholdersudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select", "--switch", "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools"end
end# Headless install may have failed, so fallback to original 'xcode-select' method
if should_install_command_line_tools? && STDIN.tty?ohai "Installing the Command Line Tools (expect a GUI popup):"sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select", "--install"puts "Press any key when the installation has completed."getcsudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select", "--switch", "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools"
endabort <<-EOABORT if `/usr/bin/xcrun clang 2>&1` =~ /license/ && !$CHILD_STATUS.success?
You have not agreed to the Xcode license.
Before running the installer again please agree to the license by opening
Xcode.app or running:sudo xcodebuild -license
EOABORTohai "Downloading and installing Homebrew..."
Dir.chdir HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY do# we do it in four steps to avoid merge errors when reinstallingsystem "git", "init", "-q"# "git remote add" will fail if the remote is defined in the global configsystem "git", "config", "remote.origin.url", BREW_REPOsystem "git", "config", "remote.origin.fetch", "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"# ensure we don't munge line endings on checkoutsystem "git", "config", "core.autocrlf", "false"system "git", "fetch", "origin", "master:refs/remotes/origin/master","--tags", "--force"system "git", "reset", "--hard", "origin/master"system "ln", "-sf", "#{HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY}/bin/brew", "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew"system "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew", "update", "--force"
endwarn "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin is not in your PATH." unless ENV["PATH"].split(":").include? "#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin"ohai "Installation successful!"
puts# Use the shell's audible bell.
print "\a"# Use an extra newline and bold to avoid this being missed.
ohai "Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate formulae and cask analytics."
puts <<-EOS
#{Tty.bold}Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:#{Tty.underline}{Tty.reset}EOSohai "Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:"
puts <<-EOS#{Tty.underline}{Tty.reset}
EOSDir.chdir HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY dosystem "git", "config", "--local", "--replace-all", "homebrew.analyticsmessage", "true"system "git", "config", "--local", "--replace-all", "homebrew.caskanalyticsmessage", "true"
endohai "Next steps:"
puts "- Run `brew help` to get started"
puts "- Further documentation: "
puts "    #{Tty.underline}#{Tty.reset}"

3、将以上文件中

BREW_REPO = "".freeze

修改为，即将github源修改为中科大源

BREW_REPO = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git".freeze

4、在/usr/local/Homebrew文件夹中，运行

ruby brew_install

即可成功安装brew

总结

解决问题还是需要找到清晰的思路，在没有梯子的情况下可以找出无法访问的网址对应的文件，之后在此基础上解决问题。

后续补充

看到有人将github上的资源直接传到gitee上了，这种方法应该也很简便且成功率高，原博主还贴心的写出了各种可能的错误和解决方案，供大家参考。
代码如下：

/bin/zsh -c "$(curl -fsSL .sh)"

原文链接如下：

本文标签： Mac安装brew（2020年踩过无数坑后亲测有效的方法）