2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷

(题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Vocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Writing

Vocabulary

1． Whenever possible, Ina ______how well she speaks Japanese.

A．shows up

B．shows around

C．shows off

D．shows out

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。show up意为“显现，显出”。show around

意为“参观……”。show off意为“炫耀，卖弄”，符合题意，故为答案。show out

意为“送出(客人)”。句意为：无论什么时候，只要有可能艾娜都会炫耀她日语

说得多么好。

2． As the director can’t come to the reception, I’m representing the

company______.

A．on his account

B．on his behalf

C．for his part

D．in his interest

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。逗号前后为因果关系。on his account意为“为

了他的缘故”。on his behalf意为“以他的名义，代表他”，符合题意，故为答案。

for his part意为“至于他，对他来说”。in his interest表示“符合他的利益”。句

意为：由于主管不能来参加这个接待会，所以我代表他担任本公司的代表。

3． The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported

and how expensive the freight ______are.

A．payments

B．charges

C．funds

D．prices

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查名词辨析。payment意为“付款，偿还”。charge意为“要价，

收费，费用”。freight charge为固定搭配，表示“货运费”，故答案为[B]项。fund

意为“资金；基金”。price意为“价格”。

4． The ball ______two or three times before rolling down the slope.

A．swayed

B．bounced

C．hopped

D．darted

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查动词辨析。sway意为“摇动，摆动”。bounce意为“反跳，

反弹； (球)弹起”，符合题意，故为答案。hop意为“(人)单脚跳；(小动物)跳跃”。

dart意为“猛冲，飞奔”。

5． He has been transferred to the University of Maryland Medical Center and is

waiting to ______surgery.

A．undergo

B．unfold

C．underestimate

D．undertake

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查动词辨析。undergo意为“经历；接受；遭受；忍受”，undergo

surgery意为“接受手术”，符合题意，故答案为[A]项。unfold意为“打开；展现”。

underestimate意为“低估，看轻”。undertake意为“着手做；承担；从事”。句意

为：他已被转移到马里兰大学医学中心，正等待接受外科手术。

6． We hold these truths to be self-______: that all men are created equal.

A．essential

B．eternal

C．evident

D．exquisite

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查形容词辨析。essential意为“必要的；必不可少的；极其重

要的；本质的”。eternal意为“不朽的；永久的；永恒的；无休止的”。evident

意为“清楚的；显而易见的；显然的”，self-evident意为“不证自明的，不言而

喻的”，符合题意，故为答案。exquisite意为“精美的；精致的；剧烈的；强烈

的”。句意为：我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，人生来就是平等的。

7． The bear clawed the hunter within ______of his life.

A．close

B．reach

C．a space

D．an inch

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查固定搭配。within an inch of为固定搭配，意为“差点儿；十

分接近；几乎”。句意为：熊差一点把猎人撕碎。

8． The third candidate is a______. She’s new to politics and is just beginning

her campaign.

A．white elephant

B．dark horse

C．sleeper

D．big hit

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查名词辨析。white elephant意为“昂贵而无用的东西，华而

不实的东西”。dark horse意为“黑马(最近刚取得或将要取得成功的新人)”。sleeper

意为“出乎意料的成功者；爆冷门的人或事物”。big hit意为“热门；很受欢迎

的人或事物”。根据空格后的句子“她是一个政坛新手，刚刚开始她的竞选活动”

判断，空格所在句应表示“第三位候选人是匹黑马”，[B]项符合题意，故为答案。

9． We go to the Summer Palace on foot______.

A．on purpose

B．on occasions

C．on behalf

D．on trial

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。on purpose意为“故意地”。on occasions意

为“间或，有时”。on behalf意为“代表”。on trial意为“在试验中；在受审”。

根据句意判断，只能用表示频率的短语修饰“步行去颐和园”，故答案为[B]项。

10． It was cloudy this morning, but it ______fine.

A．turned on

B．turned over

C．turned up

D．turned out

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。turn on意为“打开”。turn over意为“翻身，

翻转；把……移交”。turn up意为“出现，到场，出席；调大(音量等)”。turn out

意为“结果是，证明是；(天气突然)变得(晴好)”，符合题意，故为答案。句意为：

早晨还是阴天，但突然又转晴了。

11． In his ______to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to

explore space.

A．attempt

B．expedition

C．trial

D．chase

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查名词辨析。attempt意为“尝试；试图”，in one’s attempt to

为固定搭配，意为“尝试、试图做某事”，符合题意，故答案为[A]项。expedition

意为“远征”。trial意为“审理；试用；预赛”。chase意为“追逐”。句意为：为

了加深对宇宙的了解，人类已经开始探索太空。

12． The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ______almost two

hours later.

A．designation

B．destiny

C．destination

D．dignity

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查名词辨析。空前的arrived at提示，本空应填表示“地点”

的名词，故答案为destination“目的地”。designation意为“指派，指定；命名”。

destiny意为“命运”。dignity意为“尊严”。句意为：公共汽车在浓雾中缓慢地

移动，我们几乎两个小时之后才到达目的地。

13． The nuclear family ______a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of

father, mother and children.

A．refers to

B．defines

C．describes

D．devotes to

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查动词(短语)辨析。分析题干句可知，空后内容为对the nuclear

family(核心家庭)的解释，故refers to(指的是)为答案。define意为“解释，阐明，

给……下定义”。describe意为“描写，形容”。devote to意为“把……献给，贡

献于”。句意为：“核心家庭”指的是由父亲、母亲和孩子组成的独立的、自我满

足的单元。

14． Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that

elderly Americans are______ by social isolation and loneliness.

A．reproached

B．favored

C．plagued

D．reprehended

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查动词辨析。reproach意为“责备，责怪”。favor意为“支持，

赞成”。plague意为“困扰；使烦恼；折磨”，符合题意，故为答案。reprehend

意为“批评，指责”。句意为：一些民意调查显示，大约2／3的公众认为，美国

老年人受到被社会隔离和孤独的困扰。

15． The Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich ______of folk arts.

A．heritage

B．heredity

C．heroism

D．hermitage

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查名词辨析。heritage意为“(国家的)遗产，传统”，用rich修

饰，符合题意，故为答案。heredity意为“遗传(过程)”。heroism意为“英雄主

义”。hermitage意为“隐居处，修道院”。句意为：太平洋岛以其丰富的民间艺

术遗产吸引了大量的游客。

16． It is imperative that students ______their term papers on time.

A．handing in

B．handed in

C．hand in

D．would hand in

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查虚拟语气。与形容词imperative相关的名词性从句中要使用

虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词要使用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。

故答案为[C]项。

17． An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently

motiveless attack.

A．that

B．which

C．what

D．whatever

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。An old woman was badly hun为句子的

主干，介词in后为宾语从句，明显宾语从句缺乏引导词，而且引导词需做动词

describe的宾语，that在引导宾语从句时，不做任何成分，故排除；本句中未出

现限定的范围，排除which；此处已指定了具体的attack，排除whatever，因此

选what。本题也可以改写为：An old woman was badly hurt in an accident that the

police describe as an apparently motiveless attack．因此，能代替an accident that的

只有what。句意为：一个老太太在一场在警方看来无明显动机的袭击中受重伤。

18． ______on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a

sense of infinite peace.

A．If walking

B．While walking

C．Walking

D．When one is walking

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查非谓语动词和状语从句。[A]项、[B]项和[C]项代入句中其逻

辑主语均为“the mountains”，明显与句意有逻辑错误。故只能选择为时间状语

从句的[D]项。

19． After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on

expanding education, with girls as well boys ______to go to school.

A．to be encouraged

B．been encouraged

C．being encouraged

D．be encouraged

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查with复合结构。with复合结构有以下几种：with／without+

名词／代词+形容词；with／without+名词／代词+副词；with／without+名词／代

词+介词短语；with／without+名词／代词+动词不定式；with／without+名词／代

词+分词。其中动词不定式表将来，分词指主动或被动。并且由于encouraged这

个动作是伴随着expanding education而发生的，所以用现在分词的被动式，故答

案为[C]项。

20． Joan didn’t go to the party last night because she ______the baby for her

sister until 9: 30.

A．must have looked after

B．would have to looked after

C．had to look after

D．should have looked after

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查句子时态。题干包含由because引导的原因状语从句，主句

表示结果，从句表示原因，主从句时态应前后照应，所以用一般过去时，故答案

为[C]项。

21． We are going to London next month. This will be the first time I

______there.

A．have traveled

B．travel

C．will travel

D．am traveling

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查句子时态。句型“This is the first／second／third…time＋that

从句”中，从句需用现在完成时，故答案为[A]项。

22． John is ______hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.

A．no less

B．no more

C．not less

D．no so

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查固定结构辨析。no less…than意为“在……方面不比……差”，

符合题意，故答案为[A]项。no more…than意为“和……一样都不”。not less…than

意为“没有比……更少；至少与……一样”，相当于at least as…as。没有no so…

than的用法。句意为：约翰并不比他妹妹少用功，但还是没通过考试。

23． Americans eat ______as they actually need every day.

A．twice as much protein

B．twice protein as much twice

C．twice protein as much

D．protein as twice much

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查倍数表达法。根据选项可知，本题采用的是“…times+as+

形容词／副词的原级+as…”句型，即much修饰名词，应放在protein之前，twice

表示倍数，修饰as much protein as，也应前置，故答案为[A]项。

24． Who ______was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?

A．you said

B．did you say

C．did you say that

D．you did say

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查插入语。分析句子结构可知，句子主干为去除空格后的所有

内容，即“谁今天下午会到办公室来看我”，由此可知，空格处只是插入成分，

选项中能够作插入语用到疑问句中的只有did you say，故答案为[B]项。类似用

法的还有do you think。句意为：你说今天下午谁会来办公室看我?

25． She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit,

______?

A．hadn’t she

B．hasn’t she

C．wouldn’t she

D．didn’t she

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查反义疑问句。当陈述句是一个主从复合句时，附加疑问部分

一般要根据主句的谓语形式而定，故答案为wouldn’t she。

26． ______you ______further problems with your printer, contact your dealer

for advice.

A．If; had

B．Have; had

C．Should; have

D．In case; had

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查虚拟语气。本句为省略了连接词if的虚拟语气，需将情态

动词should提到句首引起倒装。根据句意表示的是对将来的假设，故排除If；had。

也不是疑问句，故排除Have；had。in case引导的状语从句中大多用should，也

可用实义动词的陈述语气，也排除In case；had。

27． ______we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of

obtaining wealth.

A．Much as

B．As much

C．More as

D．As well as

正确答案：A

解析：本题考查让步状语从句。本句为much as引导的让步状语从句，much

as意为“虽然”，相当于although。句意为：虽然我们都希望他富起来，但我们

反对他获得财富的方式。

28． Among the first to come and live in North America______, who later

prospered mainly in New England.

A．had been Dutch settlers

B．Dutch settlers were there

C．were Dutch settlers

D．Dutch settlers had been there

正确答案：C

解析：本题考查倒装。among介词短语放在句首，引起句子倒装，故排除[B]

项和[D]项；本句是用过去时来叙述历史事实，而且谓语动词为be，并不表示某

个动作的完成，故排除[A]项，答案为[C]项。

29． ______there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith ______the invitation

to visit that area.

A．If he knew; would have declined

B．If he had known; would decline

C．Had he known; would decline

D．Had he known; would have declined

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查虚拟语气。表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主

句谓语动词用would have done。“Had he known…”相当于“If he had known…”，

故答案为[D]项。

30． In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could______.

A．hear somebody mourn

B．hear somebody mourning

C．hear somebody mourned

D．hear somebody had been mourning

正确答案：B

解析：本题考查固定搭配。hear sb．doing sth．中，动词一ing作宾语补足

语，指动作在进行当中。hear sb．do sth．中，do sth．为宾语补足语，指动作已

发生、完成了，意思是“听到某人做了某事”，动作不再呈现，只能靠想象或回

忆来叙述发生的事情，这里明显是指正在发生的动作，故答案为[B]项。

Reading Comprehension

The head of the Library of Congress is to name Donald Hall, a writer whose

deceptively simple language builds on images of the New England landscape, as the

nation’s 14th poet laureate today. Mr. Hall, a poet in the distinctive American

tradition of Robert Frost, has also been a harsh critic of the religious right’s influence

on government arts policy. And as a member of the advisory council of the National

Endowment for the Arts during the administration of George H. W. Bush, he referred

to those he thought were interfering with arts grants as “bullies and art bashers.

He will succeed Ted Kooser, the Nebraskan who has been the poet laureate since 2004.

The announcement of Mr. Hall’s appointment is to be made by James H. Billington,

the Librarian of Congress. Mr. Billington said that he chose Mr. Hall because of “the

sustained quality of his poetry, the reach and the variety of things he talks about.”

Like Mr. Kooser, Mr. Billington said,” Mr. Hall evokes a sense of place. Mr. Hall,

77, lives in a white clapboard farmhouse in Wilmot, N. H., that has been in his family

for generations. He said in a telephone interview that he didn’t see the poet

laureateship as a bully pulpit. “But it’s a pulpit anyway,” he said. “If I see First

Amendment violations, I will speak up.” Mr. Hall is an extremely productive

writer who has published about 18 books of poetry, 20 books of prose and 12

children’s books. He has won many awards, including a national Book Critics Circle

Award in 1989 for “The One Day”, a collection. In recent years much of his

poetry has been preoccupied with the death of his wife, the poet Jane Ken-yon, in

1995. Robert Pinsky, who was poet laureate from 1997 to 2000 said he welcomed

Mr. Hall’s appointment, especially in light of his previous outspokenness about

politics and arts. “There is something nicely symbolic, and maybe surprising,” Mr.

Pinsky said, “that they have selected someone who has taken a stand for freedom.

“ The position carries an award of $ 35, 000 and $ 5, 000 travel allowance. It

usually lasts a year, though poets are sometimes reappointed.

31． Donald Hall______.

A．uses simple English to express the images of the New England landscape

B．dislikes the idea of impacting government by the right side of the religion

C．is the 14th poet laureate appointed by the Congress

D．is a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。文章第二段第一句提到，霍尔(Mr．Hall)是对宗教右翼

干涉美国文艺政策的尖锐批评者(a harsh critic of the religious right’s influence on

government arts policy)，[B]项是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。文章第一段提到

霍尔用看似简单的语言描绘新英格兰地区的风光，deceptively意为“欺骗性地”，

由此可排除[A]项；第一段提到霍尔是被美国国会图书馆任命为第十四任桂冠诗

人的，而不是被国会任命的，故排除[C]项；第二段提到霍尔在老布什任期内曾

是全国艺术基金会顾问委员会成员，故排除[D]项。

32． James H. Billington______.

A．likes the poems with great depth and width

B．speaks highly of poems in simple English rather than complex ones

C．prefers the poems with sustained style and expression

D．likes the poems with the knowledge of various things

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。第四段第二句提到比林顿选择霍尔是因为其诗作的稳定

品质和其诗作内容的广度与深处，由此推断，比林顿喜欢有着广度和深度的诗歌，

故答案为[A]项。其余三个选项文中均未提及。

33． Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Mr. Hall has published many books and magazines on poems.

B．Mr. Hall is a critic of literature in the U. S.

C．Mr. Hall has got many prizes for his talents in writing.

D．Mr. Hall has got support from his predecessors.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。文章第六段提到，霍尔是个高产作家，获得过许多奖项，

其作品集《那一日》曾获1989年的全美书评人协会奖，故答案为[C]项。第六段

提到霍尔出版过18本诗集、20本散文集和12本儿童文学作品，没有提到他出

版过杂志，故排除[A]项；第二段第一句提到，霍尔是对宗教右翼干涉美国文艺

政策的尖锐批评者，并非文学评论家，故排除[B]项；文中仅提到1997至2000

年间任桂冠诗人的罗伯特．品斯基对霍尔出任桂冠诗人表示欢迎，没有提到其他

前任桂冠诗人对霍尔的支持，故排除[D]项。

34． What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Mr. Hall loves his wife very much.

B．Mr. Hall takes the new appointment for granted.

C．Mr. Hall has got great ideas from his wife.

D．Mr. Hall may hold the position for another year.

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。第七段提到，霍尔近年来许多诗作的内容都是关于他的

亡妻的，由此推断他很爱他的妻子，故答案为[A]项。其他三个选项在文中均未

提及。

35． What is the best title for the passage?

A．A Guard for Politics and Arts

B．A New Poet Laureate

C．A Representative for Freedom

D．The Winning of a Poet

正确答案：B

解析：文章主旨题。本文第一句为主旨句，提出美国国会图书馆馆长任命霍

尔为第十四届桂冠诗人。接着文章对霍尔和桂冠诗人作了介绍，由此可知[B]项

最适合作本文的标题。

Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said — the words. Words

do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other

sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too

heavily on words alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many

ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some

of those associations if we listen for more than words. We don’t always say what we

mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words don’t mean anything except “I’m

letting off some steam. I don’t really want you to pay close attention to what I’m

saying. Just pay attention to what I’m feeling.” Mostly we mean several things at once.

A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be

fixed before I’ll buy. “The owner says, “It’s been like that for years.” Actually, the

step hasn’t been like that for years, but the unspoken message is; “I don’t want to fix

it. We put up with it. Why can’t you?” The search for a more expansive view of

meaning can be developed through examining a message in terms of who said it,

when it occurred, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said. When a

message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do

exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an

argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the

behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friend’s

unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by

situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be

directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic. For example, a

person who says “ No!” to a serials of charges like “You’re dumb,” “You’re lazy,” and

“You’re dishonest,” may also say “No!” and try to justify his or her response if the

next statement is “ And you’re good looking. “ We would do well to listen for

how messages are presented. The words, “It sure has been nice to have you over,” can

be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or

repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change

accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance;

sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.

36． Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing

partners, if______.

A．they use proper words to carry their ideas

B．they both speak truly of their own feelings

C．they try to understand each other’s ideas beyond words

D．they are capable of associating meaning with their words

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。第一段提到，言语能向我们提供信息，但含义来自许多

其他来源，过度依赖言语本身将妨碍沟通的效率(hinder our effectiveness)。任何

我们给出的信息都包含了相关的想法，而言语仅能描述其中的一小部分。如果我

们能听到更多的话(listen for more than words)，有时就能洞察出这些相关的想法。

[D]项是对原文的同义转述，故为答案。其他三个选项文中均未提及。

37． “I’m letting off some steam” in paragraph 1 means______.

A．I’m just calling your attention

B．I’m just kidding

C．I’m just saying the opposite

D．I’m just giving off some sound

正确答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段第六句，该句说“I’m letting off

some steam…我并不是真的想让你关注我说了什么，而是我的感觉。”根据后面

的“并不真的想让你关注我说了什么”，可推知说话者前半句的内容应为：我是

开玩笑的。四个选项中只有[B]项符合语境。

38． The house-owner’s example shows that he actually means______.

A．the step has been like that for years

B．he doesn’t think it necessary to fix the step

C．the condition of the step is only a minor fault

D．the cost involved in the fixing should be shared

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。文章第一段中，屋主嘴上说“台阶已经坏了好多年了”，

其实台阶并没有坏了好多年，他的言下之意是“我不想修它。我们能凑合着用，

你为什么不行?”四个选项中只有[B]项符合屋主的本意。

39． Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable

if______.

A．linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness

B．seen as one’s habitual pattern of behavior

C．taken as part of an ordering sequence

D．expressed to a series of charges

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。由题干中的Some responses and behaviors和illogical将

本题出处定位于第二段。该段提到，行为的顺序所包含的意义比行为的频率要多

得多。可能只有注意到某些需要异常多肯定的情况，才能理解一个朋友之后反常

的温顺行为。一些反应可能与一系列反应模式直接相关，并且不合逻辑。接着举

例说明：一个人一直对“你笨”“你懒”“你不诚实”等一系列指责回答“不”，

可能会继续对“你漂亮”的评价回答“不”。由此可知，有些反应和行为可能显

得非常不合逻辑，但如果将其看作一系列有次序的反应或行为的一部分，却是合

理的，故答案为[C]项。

40． The word “ ritualistically” in the last paragraph equals something

done______.

A．without true intention

B．light-heartedly

C．in a way of ceremony

D．with less emphasis

正确答案：C

解析：词义理解题。该词所在句提到，“真高兴你能来”这句话可以以强调

且兴奋的语气表达出来，也可以说得“ritualistically”。后一句用相同的句式：这

句话可以说一次，也可以重复说多次。可见ritualistically是与with emphasis and

excitement不同或是相反的，结合“真高兴你能来”这句话的使用语境，推断该

词是“客套”的意思，四个选项中只有[C]项符合。

Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of

both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one

time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more

recent analysis of DNA sequences has shown that slime molds should be regarded as

inhabiting their own separate kingdom. Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life

cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially

unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular

structure. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting

the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But

their food supplies are relatively easily exhausted since the cells’ movements are

restricted and their food requirements rather large. When the cells become starved

of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to

eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae

combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The

mechanism by which the individual members become a single entity is essentially

chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical

pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which

then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form many streams of cells,

which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks

together through the secretion of adhesion molecules. The mass now develops a

tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length.

This structure eventually falls over to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity

orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate

into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a

vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore head. As

the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug.

Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on,

the migration stops and the colony metamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a

process known as “culmination.” The front cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells

climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This

final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops into spores,

which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae

cells. Then the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have

been released. The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime

mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell

types — spore and stalk — is of great interest to developmental biologists since it

is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with

highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early

experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the

eventual stalk and which parts to the head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug

with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature

developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body

was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the

organism culminated in the stalk and the posterior part in the spore head. Nowadays,

experiments using DNA technology and fluorescent proteins or enzymes to label the

prespore and prestalk cells have been undertaken. This more molecular approach

gives more precise results than using staining dyes but has essentially backed up the

results of the earlier dye studies.

41． How the slime should be classified used to be______.

A．unknown

B．uncertain

C．controversial

D．unfamiliar

正确答案：B

解析：事实细节题。第一段提到，细胞状黏菌具有特殊的生命形态，它具有

真菌和原生动物的双重特征，但为了方便起见经常被分类为真菌。它们一度被当

作分类地位模棱两可的生物体。由此可知，四个选项中只有[B]项符合题意。

42． According to the passage, what is unusual about the slime molds’ life cycle?

A．They inhabit their own kingdom.

B．They are organisms whose classification is ambiguous.

C．They alternate between unicellular and multicellular structures.

D．They are free-living organisms.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。由题干中的unusual和life cycle将本题出处定位于文章

第二段第一句。该句提到，黏菌的特别之处在于它们不寻常的生命周期，在单细

胞结构和多细胞结构之间交替变化。[C]项是对原文内容的同义转述，故为答案。

43． All of the followings are mentioned in the text as being parts of the

multicellular slug EXCEPT______.

A．the head

B．the stalk

C．legs

D．spores

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。由题干中的slug将本题出处定位于文章第四段。该段

提到，在这期间细胞分类为两种，一些形成“vertical stalk”，其余形成“spore head”。

由此可知，选项中只有[C]项文中未提及，故为答案。

44． Why does the author refer to the fungus-like organism as a fruiting body?

A．Because it has become one entity.

B．Because it is 2 millimeters in height.

C．Because it now has a stalk and head.

D．Because it has reached its reproductive stage.

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。第五段第三句提到，前面的细胞形成茎(a stalk)，后面

的细胞爬上茎形成球形的冠(a spherical-shaped head)，接着第四句说这种最终形

态的fruiting body大约高2毫米，第五、六句接着讲到了其繁殖过程，故可以推

测fruiting body应该是其开始进入繁殖时期时的状态，故答案为[C]项。fruiting

body的中文名为“子实体”，即高等真菌的产孢结构。

45． According to the passage, the recent DNA studies______.

A．give similar results to the dye studies

B．contradict the dye studies

C．are less exact than the dye studies

D．have introduced confusion about the dye study results

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。由题干中的DNA将本题出处定位于文章末尾。第六段

最后一句提到，运用DNA技术的研究证实了之前用染料的研究结果。[A]项是对

文中essentially backed up the results of the earlier dye studies的同义转述，故为答

案。

Barry Schwartz did not expect to feel inspired on a clothes-shopping trip. “I

avoid buying jeans; I wear one pair until it falls apart,” says Schwartz, an American

psychology professor. “The last time I had bought a pair there had been just one style.

But recently I was asked if I wanted this fit or that fit, or this color or that. I intended

to be out shopping for five minutes but it took an hour, and I began to feel more and

more dissatisfied. “This trip made him think: did more choice always mean greater

satisfaction? “ I’d always believed that choice was good, and more choice was better.

My experience got me thinking: how many others felt like me?” The result was a

widely discussed study that challenged the idea that more is always better. Drawing

on the psychology of economics, which looks at how people choose what to buy,

Schwartz designed a questionnaire to show the differences between what he termed

“maximisers” and “satisficers.” Broadly speaking, maximisers are keen to make the

best possible choices, and often spend time researching to ensure that their purchases

cannot be bettered. Satisficers are the easy-going people, delighted with items that are

simply acceptable. Schwartz puts forward the view, which contrasts with what

politicians and salesmen would have people believe, that the unstoppable growth in

choice is in danger of ruining lives. “I’m not saying no choice is good. But the

average person makes at least 200 decisions every day, and I don’t think there’s room

for any more. “His study may help to explain the peculiar paradox of the wealthy

West — psychologists and economists are puzzled by the fact that people have not

become happier as they have become richer. In fact, the ability to demand whatever is

wanted whenever it is wanted has instead led to rising expectations. The search

for perfection can be found in every area of life from buying soap powder to selecting

a career. Certain decisions may automatically close off other choices, and some

people are then upset by the thought of what else might have been. Schwartz says, “If

you make a decision and it’s disappointing, don’t worry about it, it may actually have

been a good decision, just not as good as you had hoped.” One fact that

governments need to think about is that people seem more inclined to buy something

if there are fewer, not more, choices. If that’s true for jeans, then it is probably true for

cars, schools and pension funds. “If there are few options, the world doesn’t expect

you to make the perfect decision. But when there are thousands it’s hard not to think

there’s a perfect one out there, and that you’ll find it if you look hard enough. If

you think that Internet shopping will help, think again: “You want to buy something

and you look at three websites. How long will it take to look at one more? Two

minutes? It’s only a click. Before you know it you’ve spent three hours trying to

decide which ￡10 item to buy. It’s crazy. You’ve used another evening that you

could have spent with your friends. “ Schwartz, who describes himself as a

natural satisficer, says that trying to stop our tendency to be maxi-misers will make us

happier. “The most important recommendation I can give is to lower personal

expectations,” he says. “But no one wants to hear this because they all believe that

perfection awaits the wise decision maker. Life isn’t necessarily like that.”

46． Why may some advice be rejected?

正确答案：Some advice may be rejected because people all believe that

perfection awaits the wise decision maker．

解析：事实细节题。根据题干将本题出处定位于最后一段。最后一段中，施

瓦兹说：“我能给出的最重要的建议是降低个人预期。但是没人愿意听这个建议，

因为他们都相信完美等待着那些能做出明智抉择的人。其实不然。”由此可知，

建议被拒绝是因为人们相信完美等待着那些能做出明智抉择的人。

47． What confuses experts according to the passage?

正确答案：The fact that people have not become happier as they have become

richer confuses experts according to the passage．

解析：事实细节题。根据题干的关键词“confuses expels”可以将范围锁定

在文章第三段。第三段提到，随着人们变得更富裕，人们没有变得更快乐，心理

学家和经济学家对这个事实感到迷惑不解。

48． What can be the emotional effect of the result of making a choice?

正确答案：It could be upset．

解析：事实细节题。根据题干的关键词“the emotional effect of the result of

making a choice”可以将范围锁定在文章第四段。第四段提到，做某些决定势必

会放弃其他选择，于是有些人就会为思索其他选择会带来什么结果而心烦意乱。

由此可知，做出选择对情绪的影响可能是导致心烦。

49． How was Schwartz’s research undertaken?

正确答案：Schwartz undertook his research by designing a questionnaire．

解析：事实细节题。根据题干可以将范围锁定在文章第二段。第二段提到，

施瓦兹借鉴研究人们怎样选择买什么的经济心理学，设计了一份调查问卷。由此

可知，施瓦兹的研究是由设计调查问卷的方式开展的。

50． How can personality be defined in the text?

正确答案：There are two personalities in the text一“maximisers”and

“satisficers”．

解析：事实细节题。根据题干可以将范围锁定在文章第二段。第二段提到，

施瓦兹定义了两种类型的人：maximisers渴望作出最佳选择，经常花时间研究以

确保他们所购买的物品是最佳的；satisficers是那些随和的人，只要物品尚可接

受就会感到高兴。

Writing

51． Directions: In this part you are going to write an essay of about

400-500 words within 60 minutes on the topic as follows. Write your response on the

answer sheet Topic Some people think that cultural traditions will be destroyed if

they are used as money-making attractions aimed at tourists. Others, however, believe

that is the only way to save these traditions. Discuss both these views and give your

own opinion. Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on

the issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading,

studies, experience, or observations.

正确答案： Destroy Cultural Traditions or Save Them? When travelling,

we’d like to see some ceremonies related with local cultural traditions, especially

when there are some exotic and interesting ones that we can participate in. Thus, it is

not odd to see that some cultural traditions are used as money-making attractions

aimed at tourists. As for this phenomenon, different people have different opinions.

Some people believe that cultural traditions will be destroyed by these performances

and that making money is not the purpose of cultural traditions. The meaning of

cultural traditions is just to be practiced, repeated and handed down to younger

generations so that they can learn what our ancestors once learnt. The beauty of

cultural traditions lies in their primal and original ways, which should not be altered

by any means. However, to attract tourists, we must make compromises, since old

ways may not appeal to modern people any more. For example, a ritual might be

sacred and solemn, thus requires all attendees to eat only leaves in its 7-day-long

duration for some religious reason. But if we ask tourists to do that, nobody will come.

They come to experience an exotic and interesting culture, not to suffer from the

austere ways of our ancestors. But if we change the way we do the ritual, the meaning

of it will be lost. However, some people regard it as a good way and even the

only way to preserve traditions, since the rituals, the costume, the art and even the

food can be known by more people and be spread widely. Through this way, the

cultural traditions live permanently in people’s mind, since they will remember the

rituals they practiced, the way they were dressed up and the meaning of the traditions

that had been explained to them. In my opinion, I partly agree with both of the

above views, because I think we can use it as a way to spread cultural traditions, but

aiming at money-making will definitely make the traditions lose their original

meanings. We can’t insulate traditions from outside world, since if we never let the

other people learn about them and rely on the natural passing down from generation to

generation, they will perish when the younger generation don’t cherish them. We need

to and are obliged to display them to more and more people, but the purpose is not to

make money. So I recommend that we set up some cultural traditions’ performing

areas for people to learn but not to change the rituals just because of the money they

can attract.