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2024年1月9日发(作者:css导航条特效)

动词——一些常用行为动词和词组的用法与比较示例

1.see和look, hear 和listen

see和hear 是感觉感官动词,表示的是一种不自觉的、无意的感觉,人们有视力就能看见(see),听觉就能听见(hear)。see和hear一般不用于进行时态。look(at)和listen (to)是动作动词,表示的是有意的动作。强调“看”和“听”这两个动作,并不表示“看”或“听”结果。

Note: 如果see和hear转义成为动作动词时,又可以用于进行时态。

2. lay和lie

原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法

lie lay lain lying 躺,位于 不及物

lie lied lied lying 说谎 不及物动词

lay laid laid laying 放置,产卵 及物

3.arise, rise 和raise

原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法

arise arose arisen arising 出现,发生,兴起 不及物

rise rose risen rising 上升,起身 不及物

raise raised raised raising 举起,提高,唤起,饲养 及物

4.Hang 的用法

原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法

hang hung hung hanging 吊,挂 vi / vt

hanged hanged hanging 绞死 vt

, tell, speak 和talk

say 指用语言表达思想,意思就是“说”,强调说的内容,可接单词、词组或句子,也可直接引语。

Note: say 不能以表示某种语言的词作宾语,但可以用good morning, good evening, good

night, good-bye, hellow, yes, no等作宾语。

talk指同某检谈话或谈论某人某事,一般结构是:talk to (with) sb. about sth. Talk还常同nonsense, sense, rubbish, business, Chinese, the situation等连用。

speak可以用及物动词和不及物动词,表示说某种语言时是及物动词,在表示“说话”这个动作或说起某人某事时,是不及物动词,一般结构为:speak about (of) sth., speak to sb.。

Note: 说谎话只可用tell a lie, 不可用say , speak;说实话可用tell/speak the truth,不可用say。

6.sit set和seat

原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法

sit sat sat sitting (使)坐 vi

set set set setting 安放,调整下沉 vi / vt

seat seated seated seating 使座容纳 vt/n

8. allow, permit 和let

这三个词都是及物动词,allow和permit意为“允许”,用法相近。permit稍正式一些。allow可以物作主语。这两个词的接续结构一般是:

① allow (permit)+宾语+带to 动词不定式。

② allow (permit)+动名词。

的用法

①agree+带to的动词不定式=agree that。

②agree+介词

A. agree about:涉及讨论的题目或表示对(某物,某事)的价值,重要性有一致的看法

B. agree on;确定某件事情、某个日期、某个条件,或在某方面意见一致。

10. receive 和accept

receive意为“收到,接到”(信、包裹等客观情况,)并不表示“接受。”

accept意“接受,同意”(邀请、建议等主观意愿)。

11.fit, be fit for和suit

这两个词都可以作及物动词,意为“适合”,但用法有所不同,fit指的是尺码大小的“适合”,suit则是指款式、花色、程度的“适合”。

和reply

answer是及物动词,意为“回答”,后接直接宾语从句。

Reply是不及物动词,意为“答复”,不可直接跟宾语,一般结构是reply to.但可直接跟宾语从句。

, feel fell

原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法

fall fell fallen falling 落下,减弱 不及物动词

feel felt felt feeling 摸,感觉(到) (不)及物动词

fell felled felled felling 砍伐,打到 及物动词

14.cost, spend和take ( spend in doing sth.)

cost意为“花费,”主语通常是某物,“花费”的是金钱,时间或劳力,可接双宾语,take 指“花费”时间,主语一般是某件事,可接双宾语。Spend指“花费”金钱或时间,主语一般是人。

, get和reach

这三个动词均可译为“到达”,但arrive和get为不及物动词。结构为:

arrive+at(in)+宾语,get+to+宾语,reach+宾语。

18. beat, defeat和win

win作及物动词用时意为“赢得”,后面可以接一场比赛、一场辩论、一场战斗、奖品或钱等;作不及物动词用时意为“获胜”。beat意为“战胜,打败“,后面接比赛、辩论或战斗中的对手。defeat意为“击败”,更多地指“敌军,入侵者”。或最终击败。

19. dress/wear /be in /be dressed in/ have on/put on

dress可用作及物动词或不及物动词,意为“穿衣服,给……穿衣服”, 其宾语为人。所指的是一个动作。Wear是及物动词,意为“穿着……衣服”,指的是一种状态,其宾语为衣帽、眼镜、像章等。Be in /be dressed in /have on 都是状态动词,不可用进行时。Put on 是瞬间动作动词,不可用以描写人的穿衣特点。

22. damage, destroy, hurt, spoil, wound和injure

hurt可作及物或不及物动词,其他几个动词均为及物动词。damage:损害(坏)(有仍可修复、弥补的含义);destroy:(彻底地)摧毁,毁掉(希望,计划);hurt:伤害(感情,身体某部位),疼痛;spoil: 破坏,糟踏(计划,参观,旅游等),惯坏(小孩);wound:使受伤(多指枪伤或刀伤);injure:伤害(one’s pride, reputation, feeling, 损害,指一晨难愈之伤。)

25.marry的用法

marry后一般不用介词,但在get married和be married后可用介词to,不可用with。

Marry可以表示“使成婚(cause to take in marriage)”,与to连用。

marry用于转义时,可表示“把全副精力给予…,使密切结合在一起”等义。

marry也可用作不及物动词,其名词形式为marriage (to)。

26. prefer的用法

①prefer+动名词,表示“更喜欢某种”活动。

②prefer+动词不定式,表示在某个特定场合“宁愿,理喜欢”

③ prefer+动名词+to动名词,表示在两者之间更喜欢哪一种。

④prefer to+动词不定式+rather than+不带to的动词不定式,意为“宁愿…而不”。

27.Take bring fetch carry

take意为“拿走”,指把某物从说话人所在的地方取走、带去。Bring意为“带来”,指把东西带到说话人所在的地方。Fetch 意为去取,carry 表示背、提、挑、抱、携带、运输等多种意义。

28. hire, rent和let

三者均为及物动词。hire和rent意为“租用,把…租给”,但用法略有不同。Hire多用于短期的租用,rent多用于长明间租用。

let指“出租房子”,多用于主动语态,但如果有副词修饰,或有另一不定式作对照时,亦可用于被动语态。参阅有关章节。

31. advise, suggest和recommend

advise意为“劝告,给予忠告”,后接动名词;“劝告某人注意(不做)…”一般用advise sb. against

sth.(doing sth);表示“劝告某人做…”,用advise sb. to do sth。suggest表示提出一种可供选择的、推测性的建议,后接动名词。recommend意为“推荐,介绍”,后可接双宾语,recommend

sb. sth; 其它结构为recommend doing sth., recommend sb. to do sth., recommend sb. for (as). 这三个动词后都可以接从句,从句一般要用虚拟式。

32. look, seem和appear

look强调由视觉得出的印象,意为“看上去,看起来”。seem表示根据某种情况、状态或迹象所作出的判断,这种判断可靠性较大。Appear表示外表给人的印象,这种印象可能是靠不住的,虚假的。

Note: look的常用结构为:look+形容词或分词,look+名词,look+介词短语;seem的常用结构为:seem+名词,seem+介词短语,seem+形容词或分词,seem+不定式,It seems + that从句;appear的常用结构为:appear+形容词或分词,appear+介词短语,appear+不定式,It appears+

that从句。

er和invent

discover意为发现了以前已经存在、但尚未为人们所知道的东西。Invent意为“发明” ,表示制造出以前不存在的东西。

34. remember, remind 和recall

remember意为“记得,记起,记住”,所记起的是以前知道或经历过的事,通常指无意记remind意为“提醒某人注意某事,使……想起了”,结构为remind sb. of sth.; “提某人做某事”结构为remind sb. to do sth.或remind sb. that 从句。remind+宾语+about意为“提醒”。Recall意为“回想起,回忆”,表示一种有意识的回想

下面四种结构表达同一个意思:

I remember seeing her . I remember having seen her.

I remember to have seen her . I remember that I have seen her.

36. borrow, lend 和loan

borrow意为“借来”,指从别人那里把某物借入。lend意为“借出”,指把某物借给别人。

loan意为“贷款给……”,指银行贷款,国际贷款,但在美语中义同lend.

37. do, make和take

这三个动词接不同的名词作宾语,应注意搭配关系。

(3)非谓语动词:

常用的名词化的动名词

feeling / building / meeting / savings / reading / drawing / learning /warning / writing / saying /

painting / greetings / earnings / belongings / surroundings/cooking / cleaning / speaking /

shopping/washing /

情感动词主要有:

please delight surprise astonish shock dumbfound frighten terrify horrify interest amuse amaze

entertain move touch tire wear encourage inspire excite discourage disappoint bother trouble

depress relax refresh bore annoy puzzle worry confuse disturb charm relieve embarrass fascinate

常用作形容词的过去分词主要有:

closed shut locked married engaged made separated divided connected covered agreed prepared

gone seated dressed determined provided supplied lined crowded situated located finished

graduated known packed filled retired combined wounded killed loaded completed injured hurt

written spoken devoted complicated opposed taken occupied lost intended sold out fitted linked

isolated

用of sb的形容词如下:

kind good nice wise unwise clever silly foolish stupid wrong right careful thoughtful

considerate rude cruel naughty polite impolite generous selfish selfless friendly honest brave

注:这些形容词既说明人的特征,又说明事物的特征。所以既可以用人作主语,又可以用不定式作主语。

跟在及物动词后的不定式作宾语。常带不定式作宾语的动词有:

agree aim ask arrange choose claim dare decide decline demand deserve determine expect hope

long learn manage offer afford pretend promise refuse wish desire intend plan seem happen fail

help

只能用动名词作宾语的动词主要有:

suggest propose advise excuse pardon forgive avoid escape miss oppose /be opposed to/ object to

delay postpone put off admit deny

mind keep finish enjoy practice risk resist include fancy consider imagine appreciate allow permit

可用动名词作宾语的短语和句型有:

can’t help /burst out/ what (how) about/ be worth / set about/ spend (waste) time in-ing , have

trouble (difficulty) in -ing, be busy in -ing, look forward to, stick to, give one’s life to, devote to,

be devoted to/Be used (accustomed) to, feel like/consider doing /consider sb to be/ consider where

to go/advise doing / advise sb to do/set about doing / set out to do/go on doing / go on to do/

mean doing /mean to do/try doing / try to do/ regret doing / regret to say (tell)/forget (remember)

doing /forget (remember) to do//stop doing /stop to do/keep doing / keep on doing /keep sb from

doing/prefer doing (to do) / need (want) (require) doing /need (want) (require) to do/be afraid of

doing / be afraid to do/be busy with/in doing/have trouble (difficulty) with/in doing/spend time on

/in doing/be engaged to/with/in doing/begin(start)/cease to do/doing

常用介词搭配荟萃

1. 介词+名词(+介词)

against ones’ will 不情愿地,违心地

at a loss 不知所措,困惑不解 at one time 某个时候

at home 在家,无拘束 at the same time 同时

at work 在工作 at night 在夜晚

beside the point 离题的,不相关的 by chance 偶然

by all means 务必,一定

fond of 喜欢 for the time being 暂时

for the sake of 为了 from beginning to end 从头到尾from time to time 不时地,时时

in the end 最后 in surprise 惊奇地

in trouble 在困境中 in the street 在街上

in the end 最后 in English 用英语

in a (one) word 总之,简言之 in the meantime 与此同时

in vain 徒然,白费力 in need 需要

in need of 需要 in half 一半

in no time 很快,立刻 in a low voice 低声地

in the least 丝毫 .

in a minute 一会儿,立刻 in the eyes of 在…看来

in time 及时 in sight of 看见

in place of 代替 in detail 详细地

in a hurry 匆忙地 in any case 无论如何

in case (以防)万一 in charge of 负责

in bed 睡觉 in addition to 除了…还

in the course of 在…过程中 in particular 特别

in time of 在…的时候

on guard against 提防,警惕 . on the ground 在地上

on the radio 通过无线电 on the way 在路上

on the right 在右边 . on the left 在左边

on purpose 故意地,特地 . on strike 罢工

on account of 因为 on sale 出售

on the air 广播 on time 准时

our of

work 失业 . out of order 出毛病

on (in) behalf of 代表 . on watch 值班,守望

on the whole 总的说来

2.形容词+介词(这类短语常同连系动词连用)

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absent from 缺席 aware of 意识到

apart from 除外…还 according to 根据

anxious for (about) 担心 Angry at (sth.) 对…生气

(be) afraid of 害怕 busy with 忙于

better off 境况好 careful with 对…细心 .

cruel to 对…残酷 due to 由于

different from 与…不同 .(某物)be familiar to sb. 某物对某人来说熟悉

be famous for 因…而著名 far from 远不(离)

(un-)fit for (不)适合 fond of 爱好

full of 充满 fussy about 爱挑剔

grateful for 感激 good at 擅长于

hard on 对…严历 keen on 对…热心

late for 迟到 opposite to 对着

once for all 就这一次 polite to 对…有礼貌

(be)proud of 自豪 ready at 善于,易于

ready for 准备好 short of 缺少

sorry for 对…遗憾 strict with 对…严格,要求(某人)

through with 做完,结束 thankful to 感谢

wrong with 出毛病

3.动词+介词

act on 照…行事 answer for 对…负责

arm …against 带武器以防 agree to 同意(建议等)

agree with 同意(某人) agree on 同意商定(问题,条件等)

aim at 瞄准 ask for 请求

believe in 信任 belong to 属于

break into 突然…起来 beat down on 直射

begin at 从(页)开始 base …on 根据

beat about the bush 绕弯子 consist of 由…组成

congratulate…on 祝贺 come to an end 结束

compare…to 把…比作 compare…with 同…相比

care for 喜欢;照料 change…for 用…交换

change from…to 从…转到 clear up 放睛

catch up with 赶上 come across 偶然碰到

come into 想出;进入 call up 打电话

catch hold of 抓住 call for 为…叫喊

call on 访问 call on 号召

cure…of 治愈

4.过去分词+介词(这类短语常同连系动词连用)

be absorbed in 全神贯注于 be burdened with 负重

be connected with 同…有关,同…有联系

be covered with 覆盖 be crowded with 挤满

be dressed in 穿着 be engaged with 装备

be experienced in 对…有经验 be filled with 填满

be furnished with 提供,布置 be interested in 对…有兴趣

be joined to 连接,结合 be known as 作为…而知名

be known for 因…而出名 be looked on as 作为…看待

be made into 被制成,使成为 be made up of 由…构成

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be married to 与…结婚

5. 动词+名词+介词

apply ones mind to 专心于 catch sight of 一眼瞧见,突然看见 .

’catch (take) hold of 抓住 devote oneself to 献身于,专心于

devote ones life to 为…献身 do (great) harm to 对…危害(大)

’do (great) wrong to 冤枉,委屈 feel pity for 对…感至怜悯

Fix one’s eyes on 凝视 form the habit of 养成…的习惯

have none of 不充许,不接受 have trust in 相信

have (no) difficulty in (没)有困难 have trouble in 在…有麻烦

have a look at 看一下 have (show) interest in 对…有兴趣

have (deep) effect on 对…有(深远)影响

have mercy on 同情,怜悯

6.动词+介词+名词

arrive at a conclusion 得出结论

burst into tears 突然大哭

come to sbs’ help (aid) 前来援助某人

come into use 开始使用,实施

come into effect 开始生效

come into light 发亮

do up ones’ hair 梳理头发

get in a word 插话

help one’s feet 帮助某人站起来

make up ones’ mind 下决心

play away ones’ time 虚度光阴

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burst into pieces 成为碎片

.burst into laughter 突然大笑

come to the rescue 前来营救

come into power 当权,执政

come to a conclusion 得出结论

get into trouble 陷入麻烦

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本文标签: 表示 意为 动词 宾语 及物动词