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北师大版高中英语知识概要与语法总结
北师大版高中英语知识概要与语法总结
必修一
1.共有三个单元
2.各单元知识点
第一单元:一般现在时,现在进行时,be going to第二单元:一般过去时,过去进行时,现在完成时第三单元:被动语态,情态动词3.全书单词数量为:204个词组数量为:44
北师大版高一英语必修一第1单元
一.重点句法词法。
Lesson 1
ng. Relaxing 是由及物动词relax+ing构成的形容词,意思是“轻松的,令人放松的”。Boring和relaxing的构词法相同,意思是“令人厌烦的,单调乏味的”。Relaxed“放松的”和bored“无聊的”常用来修饰人;而relaxing和boring均表示“令人”,常修饰物。
The teacher said something relaxing to get him relaxed.老师对他说了一些让人放松的事情使他放松
e(认为,猜想)的用法。
(1)suppose+that从句,表示“猜测,假定”。
I suppose that you are right.. 我想你是对的。
(2)supose+名词/代词+to be…表示“认为是”
Many people suppose him to be over 50.许多人认为他已经50多岁了。
(3)suppose/supposing作“假定,设想”讲,相当于连词if.
Suppose you are wrong,what will you do then? 假如你错了,你将会怎样做呢?
(4)be supposed to“被期望做,应该做”表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等,相当于情态动词should.
(5)They were supposed to be here an hour ago.
(5)用于简略答语中。
-Do you think we’ll have good weather this weekend? 你认为周末天气会好吗?
-I suppose so/not. 我想会吧/我想不会。
-three-year-old是复合形容词,作定语,其中year不能用复数。
The Eiffel Tower in Paris is a 120-year-old building. 巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔是一座有着120年历史的建筑。
注意:(1)复合形容词中,被修饰的中心词与动词为主谓关系,该动词用现在分词形式;或动词与其修饰的中心词之间存在被动关系,则该动词用过去分词形式。English-speaking countries讲英语的国家a horse-drawn carriage一辆马车
(2)复合形容词中若含有句词,名词往往用单数形式
a three-year-old child一个三岁的孩子
与turn相关短语
turn on 打开turn off 关掉turn up 把音量调大;出现、露面
turn down 把音量调低;拒绝turn in 上缴,归还turn out 结果是,证明是
turn over翻转,翻身turn to转向,求助于
Until
Not`````until```` 直到···才····
Up
表“成碎片,分离”之意的短语有:
tear up(撕碎);cut up(切碎);divide up(分配);separate up(分开);break up(分解,
破裂)
3.up 表“安全地,稳妥地”之意的短语有:
fix up(修理好)
up 表“有小变大”之意的短语有:
bring up(抚养大);speed up(加快速度);turn up)(开大声音);grow up(长大成人);build up(逐步建立)
5.up表“靠近”之意的短语有:
come up(走上来);catch up(with.)(赶上);keep up(with.)(跟上);hurry up(赶快)6.up 表“(由下)往上”之意的短语有:
put up(举起,建起);send up(发射);pick up(拾起);hold up(举起);look up(抬头);stand up(起立);get up(起床);go up(上升,上涨);take up(拿起);lift up(抬起);jump up(跳起)
8.up与动词连用加强语气
Listen up 注意听
light up(点燃);write up(写成);ring up(打电话);tidy
up(整理);wake up(唤醒);rise up(起义);pile up(堆积);fill up(填满);mix up(混合);line up(排队);link up(连接);blow up(爆炸);block up(阻塞);look up(查阅);check up(核对,检验);open up (开创,开辟);clear up(天气放晴,整理,消除)
4. at the moment此刻,目前,常用于现在进行时
For the moment暂时,目前
For a moment片刻,一会儿
In a moment 立刻,马上
The moment“一就”
Exercise do exercise 可数不可数
Tina ,the dog 同位语
Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother's.
引导时间状语从句,意思是“当的时候,与同时”,表示两个动作同时进行或两种状态同时存在。He was still studying while
the others were sleeping.
While还可以表示“然而、却”,连接两个并列句,含有对比的
意味。
这是一个双重否定结构。
Without your help, I couldn’t have made such great
progressthen.没有你的帮助,我不可能取得那么大的进步。
Take down记下、写下Turn down拒绝、降低(音量、力量等Break down把---拆散(机器)损坏Get down to+名词/doing开始、准备Pull down拆毁、推翻拉低Put down放下、制止、镇压Look
down upon/on看不起、轻视Go down下降、降价、(风、火等)减弱Fall down 失败、失势
take off起飞
turn off关掉
keep off让开,不接近
get off下车
cut off 切掉;切断;阻隔
shake off抖掉;甩掉;逃脱;摆脱(麻烦、烦恼等)
set off 出发,起程;激起,引起
put off 推迟,拖延
let off 排放;放(炮),开(枪)
show off 炫耀
push off推迟,离开
lay off解雇;休息;停止工作
far off远,在远处的
11.与go有关的相关短语
go about着手干;四处走动;(故事等)流传go against反对;违背;对不利
go over检查;复习go on with继续go without没有而勉强应付;没有也行
go away/out离开;出去go after 追求
go through审查,检查,经过,度过;经历(痛苦、困难等)
go in for 参加(考试或比赛);爱好
go by时光流逝;顺便走访
takes sb. Some time to do sth.
It takes some time for sb. To do sth.
这两个句型是固定句型,意思是“某人花费多少时间做某事”
13.“get+过去分词”构成系表结构,通常强调动作的发生,也可指状态的变化。此类结构还有:
get lost 迷路get dressed 穿衣get hurt 受伤get paid得到报酬get married结婚
14.动词不定式作后置定语。当被修饰的名词或代词有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last only 等限定词时,要使用动词不定式作定语。
I am always the first person to get to the office. 我总是第一个到
办公室
15.与take有关的短语
take up占据take turns轮流take off 起飞take over接收,接管take in欺骗,收留
take down记下take on 呈现;雇用;承担
filled with充满着,相当于be full of
fill…up with用装满,填满
fill in填写;度过(时光)
Matter n 事件,物质(可数)V要紧,重要
No matter 无论举例子
+形容词或副词+that…引导结果状语从句,意思是“如此以至于”
(1)so that=in order thatin order to
He works very hard so that he can buy his own apartment.他努力工作,为的是能买一套自己的公寓。
So 放开头用倒装
(2)such…that作“如此以至于”讲,连接一个表示结果的状语从句。
He was such an honest man that he was praised by the
teacher.
他非常诚实,因而受到了老师的表扬。
组成的短语
bring back拿回,带回,恢复,使想起bring down降低,使下降
bring up扶养,养育bring in引起,带来,赚钱,赢利bring out使显露,生产
bring about使发生,导致
complain to /of sth. 向某人抱怨/诉苦
complain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事
Lesson 2
place与happen, occur的用法区别
take place:指按计划、安排“发生”;“举行,进行”,相当于hold
happen:指偶然、意外的“发生”;“碰巧”,后面接动词不定式
occur作“发生”解,一般可与happen互换。Occur还表示“想起、想到”
与suffer from
Suffer:意为“遭受(痛苦、损失)”,其宾语为pain, loss,
punishment, wrong, hardship等Suffer from:指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之苦They suffered a great loss in the
earthquake. 在地震中,他们遭受了重大损失。
They suffered from all kinds of diseases in those years. 那些年
他们身患各种各样的病。
…to 表示“减少到”;其中介词to表示“减少后的结果”reduce…by表示“减少了”;其中介词by表示“减少的程度或幅度”
sth./doing sth.更喜欢Prefer to do sth.. 宁愿做某事
Prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth.宁愿而不愿
Prefer sb. To do sth.. 宁愿某人做某事
Prefer to do sth. rather than do 宁愿而不愿
Prefer that sb. (should) do sth.宁愿某人做某事
Lesson 3
eer
(1)作名词,表示“志愿者”
(2)作动词,表“自愿去做”常跟to do 不定式
The young man volunteered to help the old man. 那个年轻人主动去帮助那位老年人。Voluntary: adj. 自愿的,志愿的
2. pay attention to…注意,留心,重视Draw one’s attention
(to)引起某人的注意;使某人注意
Lesson 4
2.有关make sure的短语
(1) make sure that+宾语从句
注意:make sure 后面常接that引导的宾语从句,后接名词时需加介词of/about一般不用不定式,没有make sure to do sth.的句型。
(2) be sure to do sth.务必/一定会做某事
(3) be sure of/about…be sure that+从句,表示肯定,对有把握
ally, especially:意为“尤其、特别地”。用来加强语气
specially:意这“特意的,专门地”。
Particularly:=in particular“特别的,尤其”;表过某事不寻常、
过分或特别重要。
…anymore和no more意思想同,表示“不再”
a result因此,结果
As a result of +n由于Result in 导致,造成结果Result from起因于,由于Without result毫无结果地,徒劳地
come up with 提出,想出(计划、主意等)Come across偶然
遇到Come about发生,产生Come out(花儿)开放;出版权,发行;Come true成真,变成现实
8. include与contianin
Include作“包含”解时,其后的宾语只是整体中的一部分,侧重于范围
Contain作“包含”解时,其后的宾语指的是整体的全部或部分,侧重于内容
The bottle contains two glasses of beer.这瓶子能装两杯啤酒。
Six people were killed, including a child. 6人死亡,其中包括一句小孩。
9. “主语+be+said/thought/believed/ supposed等+动词不定式”
句型表示“据说,人们说”,相当于”Itis/was+said/thought/believed/supposed等+that从句”It is
said that Sydney is beautiful.
a difference:有关系,有影响
Make no difference:没有影响
Make some difference:有一些影响
二.语法
的用法
calm down平静下来keep clam/remain calm保持冷静
calm oneself down使自己镇静下来
词汇辨析:
calm:平静的,沉着的,指无风浪或人的心情不激动
quiet:宁静的,安静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、忧虑
silent:寂静的,沉默的,不出声的。指没有声音或不讲话。
us慷慨的,大方的
be generous to sb.对某人宽容
be generous with sth.(用钱等)大方
ter: n性格,品质。一般用来指人的性格特征。
characteristic:adj 特征的,特性。一般用来指一事物与他物区别的不同的特征。
Lucy and Lily are twins, but they have different characters.
A characteristic of this species is the blue stripes.
Lesson 1
一.句法与词法
1.多个词一起修饰一个名词,其顺序通常为:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
The old lady wants to buy a beautiful red Chinese silk dress
for her daughter as a present.
In the middle of the room stands a beautiful round wooden
table.
from:从中挑选
choose…as…:挑选作为
te v.(使)分离;(使)分开;分手adj.单独的;独立
的
词汇辨析:
separate:表示“将与分开”,指把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来
separate…from…把和分开
It’s impossible to separate belief from emotion.信仰和感情是分不开的。
divide:往往指把某个整体划分为若干部分
divide…into…把分成
The world is divided into seven continents and four oceans.世界分成七大洲和4大洋。
e of…由于,因为
后面常跟名词、代词、动名词。because是连词,引导从句
=He failed the final game because he was careless.
I come back because of the rain.
Liwei had several tasks to complete during the flight
and only slept in the spaceship for about 3 hours.
本句中不定式to complete作后置定语修饰tasks,由于tasks作其宾语,不定式动词又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,所以不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。如果没有这种主谓关系,则不定式需要用被动形式。
I have got a letter to write.
The manager has a letter to be typed.
当不定式作表语形容词的状语,又和句中的主语构成动宾关系时,这时用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。常可以样用的形容词一般有:easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, interesting等。The grammar
book is difficult to understand.
The task is necessary to finish in time.
Liwei showed the flags of China and the United
Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore
and use space peacefully.
Expressing the wished of the …….为现在分词短语用作伴随状语,与句子主语之间构成上的主动关系。
They came into the classroom, following the little boy.
现在分词除了可作伴随状语,还可作方式、条件、原因、让步、结果、时间状语。
Her mother died, leaving her with four younger brothers and
sister. (表结果)
Being too old, he couldn’t walk that far. (原因状语)
out释放,放开;泄露(秘密、消息等);发出(叫喊等);放宽,放大(衣服等)They were let out of prison last month.
let alone更不用说
let down使某人失望
/doc/,lions of
当hundred, thousand, million, dozen等以单数形式存在时,其前常用表示具体数量的词或several, some,many等修饰。
当hundred, thousand, million, dozen等以复数形式存在时,其后要加of,但前面不能用表示数量的词修饰。
v.挥手致意,招手;起伏n.波浪,挥手
wave at/to sb.向某人挥手/摆手wave sth. at sb.向某人挥动某物
wave goodbye to sb.= wave sb. goodbye.向某人挥手告别
…to…太而不能
在此结构中,too后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词原形该结构还可以拓展为too…for sb. to…
(1)当too后的形容词是表示心情的形容词时,如glad, pleased,
surpised, happy, eager, anxious
等,此时,too相当于very或very much.I’m too glad to meet
you.见到你我非常高兴。(2)too…to…与never, not等连用时,也表示肯定意义。It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢未为晚也。
(3)a little, a bit, rather, a lot, all, much等都可以修饰too,表示不同的程度。Very, fairly, quite, pretty等词不能用来修饰too. Joan
tried on the skirt. It was a bit too big for her.
=at that time 这时,在那时(表示动作发生的突然性)
in one’s opinion 在某人看来
ally(就自己而言,就我个人而言), as far as I(在我看来)
equal to……与……相等/平等
be equal to (doing) sth. 胜任(做)某事
14. struggle to do sth. 努力去做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
struggle against 与……作斗争+反对的对象
struggle for 为(争取)……而斗争/奋斗+目的
struggle with (1)与……作斗争,(2)和……一起搏斗
v. 判断,断定;估计,评价
judging from/by ……根据……判断
content to do sth. 对(做) ……满意
be content with sth.
n. 技术,技能,技巧
skilled adj. 有技能的,熟练的;需要特殊技能的
be skilled in 熟悉/擅长……
useful adj. 有用的,有益的
useless adj无用的
uselessness n. 无用,无效
Lesson 3 Sports Stars
on 融洽相处,进展
He gets on well with his classmates.
get on well with也可以说成get along well with,后接sb.表示“与某人相处得好”;接sth.表示“某事进展如何”。
get through通过(考试等);接通(电话)
get away 走开,离开get away from摆脱get around四处走动;说服get in 收割
get over恢复过来;克服get together聚集,相聚
then“从那以后”,相当于from then on,可以放在句子开头或末尾。
Since then, he has developed another bad habit
Since的基本用法
(1)prep. “自以来”,后面接名词或名词性短语,经常与现在完成时连用。
I have been there many times since the war.
(2)conj.“自以后,自以来”,后面接时间状语从句,从句中一般用一般过去时,主句中用现在完成时。
Ten years has passed since I graduated form the university.
意为“因为,既然”,引导原因状语从句。
Since you misunderstood Alice, you should say sorry to her.
back回首,回忆
有关look的短语小结
look back on 回忆look out ()当心look through浏览look
up查阅;向上看
look down 轻视look forward to sth.盼望
compete v.比赛,竞赛
competition n.比赛
competitor n.[c]竞争者,对手,比赛者
competitive adj.竞争的,有竞争力的
compete against/with sb.与某人竞争
that以便于
(1)so that既可以表结果,也可表目的。
I hired a boat so that I could go fishing.我租了一条船,为的是可以去钓鱼。
(结构中,“so+形容词/副词”位于句首时,句子用倒装结构。
So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.他工作那么努力,几乎不回家。
adj.热心的;渴望的
He is keen on winter sports.
Be keen on 喜欢;热衷于
Be keen (for sb.) to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事
at the end of ...在尽头;在末端in the end终于;最后by the
到末
come to an end结束put an 结束,使终止at the end结束;终结
an end使结束
注意:come to an end是不及物动词短语,不能跟宾语,而put
an
end to与 an end均为及物动词短语,后可跟宾语。I
hope the war will come to an end soon.
=I hope we will put and end to the war soon.
=I hope we will bring the war to an end soon.
g adj.令人惊讶的,令人惊异的
amazed adj.感到惊讶的
amaze vt.使惊奇
amaze, surprise和shock
amaze:强调“使心慌,困惑”“惊奇、佩服”的意思,比surprise更具有意外性surprise:指一般的吃惊或令人感到意外。
shock:意为“震惊”,吃惊的程度最大。I was amazed by his
calmness.
It surprised me to see so many people there.
We were all shocked at the news of his death.
n.事件,大事;比赛项目
event/matter/affair/thing用法辨析
event:通常指具有很大影响、意义重大的事件或运动会的比赛项目。
matter:意为“事情,问题”,通常指遇到的意外麻烦或令人烦恼的“问题”。
affair:指已经发生或必须去做的事情,通常用复数形式表示“事物,事态”。
thing:意为“事情,东西”,指大事,小事,好事,坏事,但一般不用来指专门的事务。ss n.[U]进步,进展
Make progress取得进步,取得进展(常与good, great, rapid,
no等形容词连用)Make 在方面取得进步
2、重点句式
agree and disagree(赞同或者反对)
I agree/I think…我认为……
in my opinion…在我看来……
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