2006年英语一真题(附答案)

绝密★启用前

2006

年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语

（

一

）

(

科目代码

:

201

)

1

.

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）

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Section

I

Directions

:

Use

of

English

Read

the

following

text

.

Choose

thebestword

(

s

)

for

eachnumberedblankand

mark

A

,

B

,

C

or

D

on

ANSWERSHEET

1

.

(

10

points

)

The

homelessmake

up

a

growing

percentage

of

America

’

s

population

.

1

，

homelessnesshas

reachedsuch

proportions

that

local

governments

can

’

t

possibly

2

•

To

help

homeless

people

3

independence

，

thefederal

government

must

support

job

training

programs

，

4

the

minimum

wage

,

and

fund

more

low

-

cost

housing

.

5

everyoneagrees

on

thenumber

of

Americans

who

are

homeless

.

6

anywhere

from

600

,

000

to

3

million

.

Estimates

7

the

figure

mayvary

,

analysts

do

agree

on

another

matter

:

that

thenumber

of

the

homelessis

of

the

federal

government

’

s

studies

8

One

9

that

thenumber

of

thehomelesswill

reach

nearly

19

million

by

the

end

of

thisdecade

.

Finding

ways

to

increasinglydifficult

.

10

11

this

growing

homeless

population

hasbecome

when

homelessindividuals

manage

to

find

a

12

a

good

number

that

will

give

themthreemeals

a

day

and

a

place

to

sleep

at

night

，

still

spend

the

bulk

of

each

day

13

the

street

.

Part

of

the

problem

is

that

many

homelessadults

are

addicted

to

alcohol

or

drugs

.

And

a

significant

number

of

the

homelesshave

serious

mentaldisorders

.

Many

others

,

14

not

addicted

or

mentally

ill

,

simply

lackthe

everyday

15

skillsneeded

toturn

theirlives

16

•

Boston

Globe

reporter

Chris

Reidy

notes

that

thesituationwill

improve

only

when

there

are

17

programs

that

address

the

many

needs

of

thehomeless

.

19

18

EdwardZlotkowski

,

director

of

communityservice

at

Bentley

College

in

Massachusetts

,

it

,

“

There

has

to

be

20

of

programs

.

What

s

needed

9

is

a

package

deal

.

’’

英语

（

一

）

试题

.

1

•

(

共

14

页

）

1

.

A

.

Indeed

B

.

Likewise

C

.

Therefore

D

.

Furthermore

2

.

A

.

stand

B

.

cope

C

.

approve

D

.

retain

3

.

A

.

in

B

.

for

C

.

with

D

.

toward

4

.

A

.

raise

B

.

add

C

.

take

D

.

keep

5

.

A

.

Generally

B

.

Almost

C

.

Hardly

D

.

Not

6

.

A

.

cover

B

.

change

C

.

range

D

.

differ

7

.

A

.

Now

that

B

•

Although

C

.

Provided

D

.

Except

that

8

.

A

.

inflating

B

.

expanding

C

.

increasing

D

.

extending

9

.

A

.

predicts

B

.

displays

C

.

proves

D

.

discovers

10

.

A

.

assist

B

•

track

C

.

sustain

D

.

dismiss

11

.

A

.

Hence

B

.

But

C

.

Even

D

.

Only

12

.

A

.

lodging

B

•

shelter

C

.

dwelling

D

.

house

13

.

A

.

searching

B

.

strolling

C

.

crowding

D

.

wandering

14

.

A

.

when

B

.

once

C

.

while

D

.

whereas

15

.

A

.

life

B

.

existence

C

.

survival

D

.

maintenance

16

.

A

.

around

B

.

over

C

.

on

D

.

up

17

.

A

.

complex

B

.

comprehensive

C

.

complementary

D

.

compensating

18

.

A

.

So

B

.

Since

C

.

As

D

•

Thus

19

.

A

.

puts

B

.

interprets

C

.

assumes

D

.

makes

20

.

A

.

supervision

B

.

manipulation

C

.

regulation

D

.

coordination

Section

n

Reading

Comprehension

Part

A

Directions

:

Readthe

following

four

texts

.

Answer

the

questions

beloweach

text

by

choosing

A

,

B

,

C

,

or

D

.

Mark

your

answers

on

ANSWER

SHEET

1

.

(

40

points

)

英语

（

一

）

试题

.

2

.

(

共

14

页

）

Text

1

In

spite

of

“

endless

talk

of

difference

，

”

American

societyis

an

amazing

machine

for

homogenizing

people

.

Thereisthe

democratizinguniformity

of

dressand

discourse

,

andthecasualnessandabsence

of

deference

”

characteristic

of

popular

culture

.

People

are

absorbedinto

“

a

culture

of

consumption

”

launched

by

the

19

th

-

century

department

stores

that

offered

“

vast

arrays

of

goods

in

an

elegant

atmosphere

.

Instead

of

intimate

shops

catering

to

a

knowledgeable

elite

”

these

were

stores

“

anyone

could

enter

,

regardless

of

class

or

background

.

This

turned

shopping

into

a

public

and

democratic

act

.

”

The

mass

media

,

advertising

and

sports

are

other

forcesfor

homogenization

.

Immigrants

are

quicklyfittingintothis

common

culture

,

which

may

not

be

altogether

elevating

but

ishardly

poisonous

.

Writing

for

the

NationalImmigration

Forum

,

Gregory

Rodriguez

reports

that

today

’

s

immigrationisneither

at

unprecedented

levels

nor

resistant

to

assimilation

.

In

1998

immigrants

were

9

.

8

percent

of

the

population

；

in

1900

,

13

.

6

percent

.

In

the

10

years

prior

to

1990

,

3

.

1

immigrants

arrived

for

every

1

,

000

residents

；

in

the

10

years

prior

to

1890

,

9.2

for

every

1

,

000

.

Now

,

consider

three

indices

of

assimilation

—

language

,

home

ownership

and

intermarriage

.

The

1990

Census

revealed

that

“

a

majority

of

immigrants

from

each

of

the

fifteen

most

common

countries

of

origin

spoke

English

‘

well

’

or

‘

very

well

’

after

ten

years

of

residence

.

”

The

children

of

immigrants

tend

to

be

bilingual

and

proficient

in

English

.

“

By

the

thirdgeneration

,

theoriginallanguageis

lost

in

the

majority

of

immigrant

families

.

”

Hence

the

description

of

America

as

a

“

graveyard

”

for

languages

.

By

1996

foreign

-

born

immigrants

who

had

arrived

before

1970

had

a

home

ownership

rate

of

75

.

6

percent

,

higher

than

the

69

.

8

percent

rate

among

native

-

bornAmericans

.

Foreign

-

bomAsiansand

Hispanics

“

have

higher

rates

of

intermarriage

than

do

U

.

S

.

-

bornwhitesandblacks

.

”

By

thethirdgeneration

,

one

third

of

Hispanic

womenare

married

to

non

-

Hispanics

,

and

41

percent

of

Asian

-

American

women

are

married

to

non

-

Asians

.

Rodriguez

notes

that

children

in

remote

villages

around

the

world

are

fansof

superstars

likeArnold

Schwarzenegger

and

Garth

Brooks

,

yet

some

Americans

fear

that

immigrants

living

within

.

the

United

States

remainsomehowimmune

to

the

nation

’

s

assimilative

power

’’

Are

there

divisiveissues

and

pockets

of

seething

anger

in

America

?

Indeed

.

It

is

bigenough

to

have

a

bit

of

everything

.

But

particularly

whenviewed

against

America

’

s

turbulent

past

,

today

’

s

social

indices

hardly

suggest

a

darkand

deteriorating

social

environment

.

英语

（

一

）

试题

.

3

.

(

共

14

页

）

21

.

The

word

“

homogenizing

”

(

Line

2

，

Paragraph

1

)

most

probably

means

•

A

.

identifying

B

.

associating

C

.

assimilating

D

.

monopolizing

22

.

According

to

the

author

,

the

department

stores

of

the

19

th

century

A

.

played

a

role

in

the

spread

of

popular

culture

B

.

became

intimate

shops

for

common

consumers

C

.

satisfied

theneeds

of

a

knowledgeable

elite

D

.

owed

its

emergence

to

theculture

of

consumption

23

.

The

text

suggests

that

immigrants

now

in

the

U

.

S

.

A

.

are

resistant

to

homogenization

B

.

exert

a

great

influence

on

Americanculture

C

.

are

hardly

a

threat

to

the

common

culture

D

.

constitute

the

majority

of

the

population

24

.

Why

are

Arnold

Schwarzenegger

and

Garth

Brooks

mentioned

in

Paragraph

5

?

A

.

To

prove

their

popularity

aroundthe

world

.

B

.

To

reveal

the

public

’

s

fearof

immigrants

.

C

.

To

give

examples

of

successful

immigrants

.

D

.

To

showthe

powerful

influence

of

American

culture

.

25

.

In

theauthor

’

s

opinion

,

the

absorption

of

immigrants

intoAmerican

society

is

A

.

rewarding

B

.

successful

C

.

fruitless

D

.

harmful

英语

（

一

）

试题

.

4

.

(

共

14

页

）

Text

2

Stratford

-

on

-

Avon

,

as

we

all

know

,

has

only

one

industry

William

Shakespeare

butthere

are

two

distinctly

separate

and

increasinglyhostile

branches

.

There

is

the

Royal

Shakespeare

Company

(

RSC

)

，

which

presents

superb

productions

of

the

plays

at

the

Shakespeare

Memorial

Theatre

on

the

Avon

.

Andthere

are

the

townsfolk

who

largely

live

off

the

tourists

who

come

,

notto

see

the

plays

,

but

to

look

at

Anne

Hathaway

’

s

Cottage

,

Shakespeare

’

s

birthplace

andthe

othersights

.

The

worthy

residents

of

Stratford

doubt

that

the

theatreadds

a

penny

to

their

revenue

.

They

frankly

dislike

the

RSC

’

s

actors

,

themwith

their

long

hair

and

beardsandsandalsandnoisiness

.

It

’

s

all

deliciously

ironic

when

you

consider

that

Shakespeare

,

who

earns

their

living

,

was

himself

an

actor

(

with

a

beard

)

anddid

his

share

of

noise

-

making

.

Thetourist

streams

are

not

entirely

separate

.

The

sightseers

who

come

by

busand

often

take

in

Warwick

Castle

andBlenheim

Palace

on

theside

—

don

’

t

usually

see

the

plays

,

and

some

of

them

areeven

surprised

to

find

a

theatre

in

Stratford

.

However

,

the

playgoers

do

manage

a

little

sight

-

seeing

along

withtheir

playgoing

.

It

istheplaygoers

,

the

RSC

contends

,

who

bring

in

much

of

the

town

’

s

revenue

because

they

spend

the

night

(

some

of

them

four

or

five

nights

)

pouring

cashintothe

hotelsand

restaurants

.

The

sightseers

can

take

in

everything

and

get

out

of

town

by

nightfall

.

The

townsfolkdon

’

t

see

it

this

way

and

the

localcouncil

does

not

contribute

directly

to

thesubsidy

of

theRoyal

Shakespeare

Company

.

Stratford

cries

poor

traditionally

.

Nevertheless

every

hotel

in

town

seems

to

be

adding

a

new

wing

or

cocktaillounge

.

Hiltonisbuildingits

own

hotelthere

,

which

youmay

be

sure

will

bedecorated

with

HamletHamburger

Bars

,

the

Lear

Lounge

,

the

Banquo

Banqueting

Room

,

and

so

forth

,

andwill

be

very

expensive

.

Anyway

,

the

townsfolk

can

’

t

understand

why

the

Royal

Shakespeare

Company

needs

a

subsidy

.

(

Thetheatrehasbroken

attendance

records

for

three

years

in

a

row

.

Last

year

its

1

,

431

seats

were

94

per

cent

occupied

all

year

long

andthis

year

they

’

ll

dobetter

.

)

The

reason

,

of

course

,

is

that

costs

have

rocketed

and

ticket

prices

have

stayed

low

.

It

wouldbe

a

shame

to

raise

prices

too

muchbecause

it

woulddrive

away

the

young

people

who

are

Stratford

’

s

most

attractive

clientele

.

They

come

entirely

for

the

plays

,

not

the

sights

.

They

all

seem

to

lookalike

(

thoughthey

come

from

all

over

)

—

lean

,

pointed

,

dedicated

faces

,

wearing

jeans

andsandals

,

eating

their

bunsand

bedding

down

for

the

night

on

the

flagstones

outside

thetheatre

to

buy

the

20

seats

and

80

standing

-

room

tickets

held

for

the

sleepers

and

sold

to

them

whenthebox

office

opens

at

10

:

30

a

.

m

.

—

—

.

—

英语

（

一

）

试题

.

5

.

(

共

14

页

）

26

.

From

the

first

two

paragraphs

,

we

learn

that

.

A

.

the

townsfolk

deny

the

RSC

’

s

contribution

to

the

town

’

s

revenue

B

.

the

actors

of

the

RSC

imitate

Shakespeare

on

and

off

stage

C

.

the

two

branches

of

the

RSC

are

not

on

good

terms

D

.

the

townsfolk

earn

little

from

tourism

27

.

It

can

be

inferred

from

Paragraph

3

that

.

A

.

the

sightseers

cannot

visit

the

Castle

andthePalace

separately

B

.

the

playgoers

spend

more

money

than

the

sightseers

C

.

the

sightseers

do

more

shopping

than

theplaygoers

D

.

theplaygoers

go

to

no

other

places

in

town

than

the

theater

the

Paragraph

4

)

，

28

.

By

saying

“

Stratford

cries

poor

traditionally

”

(

Line

2

-

3

，

author

implies

that

.

A

.

Stratford

cannot

afford

the

expansion

projects

B

.

Stratford

has

long

been

in

financialdifficulties

C

.

the

town

is

not

really

short

of

money

D

.

the

townsfolk

used

to

be

poorly

paid

29

.

According

to

the

townsfolk

,

the

RSC

deserves

no

subsidy

because

A

.

ticket

prices

can

be

raised

to

cover

the

spending

B

.

the

company

is

financially

ill

-

managed

C

.

the

behavior

of

the

actors

is

not

socially

acceptable

D

.

the

theatre

attendanceis

on

therise

30

.

From

the

text

we

can

conclude

that

theauthor

A

.

is

supportive

of

both

sides

B

.

favors

the

townsfolk

’

s

view

C

.

takes

a

detached

attitude

D

.

is

sympathetic

to

the

RSC

英语

（

一

）

试题

.

6

.

(

共

14

页

）

Text

3

When

prehistoric

man

arrived

in

new

parts

of

the

world

,

something

strange

happened

to

the

large

animals

:

they

suddenly

became

extinct

.

Smaller

species

survived

.

Thelarge

,

slow

-

growinganimals

were

easygame

,

and

were

quickly

hunted

to

extinction

.

Now

somethingsimilar

couldbe

happening

in

the

oceans

.

That

the

seasare

being

overfished

hasbeenknown

for

years

.

What

researchers

such

as

Ransom

Myers

andBoris

Worm

haveshown

is

just

how

fast

things

are

changing

.

They

have

looked

at

half

a

century

of

data

from

fisheries

aroundthe

world

.

Their

methodsdo

not

attempt

to

estimatethe

actualbiomass

(

the

amount

of

livingbiological

matter

)

of

fish

species

in

particular

parts

of

the

ocean

,

butrather

changes

in

that

biomass

over

time

.

According

to

their

latest

paper

published

in

Nature

,

the

biomass

of

large

predators

(

animals

that

kill

and

eat

other

animals

)

in

a

new

fishery

isreduced

on

average

by

80

%

within

15

years

of

the

start

of

exploitation

.

In

some

long

-

fished

areas

,

it

hashalved

again

sincethen

.

Dr

.

Worm

acknowledgesthat

these

figures

are

conservative

.

One

reason

for

thisis

that

fishingtechnologyhas

improved

.

Today

’

s

vessels

can

find

their

prey

using

satellitesand

sonar

,

which

were

not

available

50

years

ago

.

That

means

a

higher

proportion

of

whatis

in

the

sea

is

being

caught

,

so

thereal

difference

between

present

and

past

is

likely

to

be

worse

than

the

one

recorded

by

changes

in

catchsizes

.

In

the

early

days

,

too

,

longlines

wouldhavebeen

more

saturated

with

fish

.

Some

individuals

wouldtherefore

not

havebeen

caught

,

since

no

baitedhookswouldhave

beenavailable

to

trap

them

,

leading

to

an

underestimate

of

fishstocks

in

the

past

.

Furthermore

,

in

the

earlydays

of

longlinefishing

,

a

lot

of

fish

were

lost

to

sharks

after

they

hadbeen

hooked

.

That

is

no

longer

a

problem

,

becausethere

are

fewer

sharks

around

now

.

Dr

.

Myers

and

Dr

.

Worm

argue

that

their

work

gives

a

correct

baseline

,

which

future

management

efforts

must

takeinto

account

.

They

believethe

data

support

an

idea

current

among

marine

biologists

,

that

of

the

“

shifting

baseline

”

.

Thenotionis

that

people

havefailed

to

detectthemassive

changes

whichhave

happened

in

the

ocean

because

they

havebeen

looking

back

only

a

relatively

short

timeintothe

past

.

That

matters

because

theory

suggests

that

the

maximum

sustainable

yield

that

can

be

cropped

from

a

fishery

comes

when

thebiomass

of

a

target

species

isabout

50%

of

itsoriginallevels

.

Most

fisheries

are

wellbelow

that

,

whichis

a

bad

way

to

dobusiness

.

英语

（

一

）

试题

.

7

.

(

共

14

页

）

31

.

The

extinction

of

large

prehistoric

animals

isnoted

to

suggest

that

A

.

large

animals

were

vulnerable

to

thechanging

environment

B

.

small

species

survived

as

large

animals

disappeared

C

.

large

sea

animals

may

face

the

same

threat

today

D

.

slow

-

growing

fishoutlive

fast

-

growing

ones

32

.

We

can

infer

from

Dr

.

Myers

and

Dr

.

Worm

’

s

paper

that

.

A

.

thestock

of

large

predators

in

some

oldfisheries

hasreduced

by

90%

B

.

there

are

only

half

as

many

fisheries

as

there

were

15

years

ago

C

.

the

catch

sizes

in

new

fisheries

are

only

20%

of

theoriginal

amount

D

.

the

number

of

large

predatorsdropped

faster

in

new

fisheries

than

in

theold

Dr

.

Worm

Paragraph

3

)

，

33

.

By

saying

“

these

figures

are

conservative

”

（

Line

1

，

means

that

•

A

.

fishing

technology

has

improved

rapidly

B

.

the

catch

-

sizes

are

actually

smaller

than

recorded

C

.

the

marine

biomasshas

suffered

a

greater

loss

D

.

the

data

collected

so

far

are

out

of

date

34

.

Dr

.

Myers

andother

researchers

hold

that

•

A

.

people

should

look

for

a

baseline

that

can

work

for

a

longer

time

B

.

fisheries

should

keep

their

yields

below

50

%

of

the

biomass

C

.

the

ocean

biomass

should

be

restored

to

itsoriginal

level

D

.

people

should

adjust

the

fishing

baseline

to

the

changing

situation

35

.

The

author

seems

to

be

mainly

concerned

with

most

fisheries

’

A

.

management

efficiency

B

.

biomass

level

C

.

catch

-

size

limits

D

.

technological

application

英语

（

一

）

试题

.

8

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