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2024年3月26日发(作者：linux是什么的无限迭代)
StructureTalks找形的意义
Motivation / 动机For our structures we always aim for an
optimal solution combining various often contradictory aspects.
During the design process structural, functional and aesthetical
requirements need to be considered. The priorities may vary for
each project, but the objective is always a holistic approach - a
`symbiosis´ of all finding an optimum for each
system two main items should be considered as they have a
significant influence on the structure’s performance: force and
geometry. At sbp we therefore developed several approaches for
a form finding process to achieve the best possible solution for
each project.
During the form-finding process the top priority is
identifying the geometry that enables the optimum force flow
within the structure. During the further development of this
geometry the focus shifts towards aesthetic and constructional
aspects. The boundaries between these two approaches are often
blurred.
结构设计中我们总是在各种矛盾的因素之间寻求最优方案，结构、
功能、美学需求一个都不能少，但是应该优先考虑哪一项呢？当然不
同的项目有不同的答案，但目的都是要找到一个综合各项指标的最优
的结构方案。
在寻找最优结构方案的过程中，有两个因素对结构性会有重大影
响：内力分布和几何形状。sbp施莱希公司研究不同的找形方法，力
图为每个项目找到最优的结构方案。
在找形中，首先必须明确如何的几何形状能够在结构中实现最优
的力传导；得到几何形状后的完善阶段，工作的焦点又会转移到形体
和构造方面；然而这两个阶段之间的界限经常是模糊的。
Form-Finding for optimal force flow / 通过找形实现最优的
力传导
When designing resource-saving structures, the key
objective is to optimize the material usage. A material-efficient
construction can be achieved by optimizing the force flow with
mainly 2 simple guidelines:
设计一个高效的结构，关键是要优化结构材料的用量。通过优化
结构受力则可以提高材料的利用率，这个过程主要遵循以下两个简单
的指导原则：
- Bending moments should be avoided / 避免弯矩
The forces are distributed evenly over the cross-section.
Therefore, the full capacity of the material cannot be used.
力在构建横截面上是均匀分布的，这样材料才可能达到100%的
利用率。
- Tensile forces transfer loads more efficiently than
compressive forces. / 拉力比压力传递荷载更高效
The reason for this is the destabilizing effect of compressed
components. This phenomenon is easy to understand by
imagining a simple ruler under load.
原因就是受压杆件会有失稳的可能。我们可以想象一下一把尺子
在受压时的状态，便很容易理解这种现象。
To create a material efficient system, we always try to keep
those in mind as they are timeless. This leads to amazing
structures such as light-weight cable net or membrane roofs.
谨记上述原则是设计高效的结构体系的前提，如下图示例，轻型
索网结构体系和膜结构体系同样遵循了上述原则。
▲ Roof over the Olympia stadium in Munich, Germany (1972)
/ 1972年德国慕尼黑奥林匹克体育场屋盖 © Michael Zimmerman /
sbpAlso, astonishing but nevertheless efficient structures like
cable suspended footbridges are possible.
形态动人同时又高效的结构体系也是可能实现的。悬索桥便是其
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