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2024年4月12日发(作者：xml翻译编辑器)

·Verbal Intercultural Communication非言语行为:People from different cultural

backgrounds communicate with other people through language.

·Social cultural elements: ①cultural values ②worldview ③social

organization

·globalization：①refers to the establishment of a world economy, in which

national borders are becoming less and less important as transnational

corporations, existing everywhere and nowhere ,do business in a global market. ②

also refers to what is called time-spacecompression.(the increasing global mobility

of people/ the impact of new electronic media on human communication)

·human needs: ①physiological（fundamental need）②safty ③ the

belongingness (love,affection)④ the esteem(respect) ⑤self-actualization(reach

one’s potential)

·文化冰山理论（Edward T Hall）:Culture like an iceberg can be divided into two

parts: culture above the waterline and culture below the waterline. Culture above

the waterline is explicit, visible, tangible, easy to change with time, a tip of the

iceberg. Culture below the waterline is implicit, invisible, intangible, hard to change

with time, the majority.

·culture: can be defined as the coherent, learned, shared view of a group of

people about life’s concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes

about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior.

·language and culture: ①language reflects the environment in which we live.

②reflects cultural values ③language lives, it changes over time. ④language

–and-cultural is embedded in cultural products, practices, perspectives,

communities, and persons. language –and-cultural are two sides of the same coin,

members of the culture use their language to portray their culture, to put their

cultural perspectives into practice. Language unites products, practices,

perspectives, communities, and persons.

·文化维度 cultural dimensions(Geert Hofstede): individualism-collectivism，

uncertainy avoidance ，power distance， masculinity-femininity ，long-term vs

short-term.

·communication: ①元素：context, participants(affecting aspects are

relationship, gender, culture), messages(meaning, symbols, encoding and

decoding), channels(sound and sight), noise(external, internal, semantic),

feedback. ②过程，本质：dynamic process不断变化; symbolic象征的; systemic影

响全局; complex; involves making inferences; has a consequence. ③作用：

communication is a process involving the exchange of messages and the creation

of meaning. It is effective to the extent that we are able to minimize

misunderstanding. Generally, the greater our cultural and linguistic knowledge,

and the more our beliefs overlap with the people with whom we communicate, the

less likelihood there will be misunderstandings. ④方式：high involvement高度卷

入(Talk more, Interrupt more, Expect to be interrupt. Talk more loudly at times, Talk

more quickly than those from cultures favoring “high considerateness”)。。high

considerateness高度体谅 ⑤言语交际方式:1）person-oriented /status-oriented


本文标签： 文化 体谅 交际 翻译 过程

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