翻译的过程TheProcessofTranslation

第二章

翻译的过程

The Process of Translation

理解： 1.

1 语义方面 ：

1.1.1 根据在句中的词类来选择 .

1)

2)

3)

Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.相同的电荷相斥 ,不同的电荷相吸 .

Like knows like.

I like translation more than writing.

在射入窗内的阳光里

, 细微的尘埃象金子一般在

4) In the sunbeam passing through the windows there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.

闪闪发亮 .

1.1.2. 根据上下文

1)

He was the last man to come, but he wasn’tlate for the meeting.. 他是最后来的

2)

He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干那件事情的

Take off:

1)To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years.

脱鞋或穿鞋对她一样痛苦

3)

This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么也没想到会在这个地方见到你 .

, 但这已是多年以来的

痛苦了 .

2)He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off. 他工作的时候 ,总是坐在椅子边上 ,好象随时都会站起

身来的样子 .

1.1.3 根据搭配来选择

：

light music 轻音乐， light loss 小损失，light car 轻型汽车， light heart 不专一的心， light step 轻快的脚步， light manners 轻浮的举止， light voice

轻声

delicate skin 娇嫩的皮肤 /delicate upbringing 娇生惯养 /delicate living 奢侈的生活 / delicate vase 容易碰碎的花瓶 /delicate diplomatic question 微妙的

外交问题 /delicate difference/ 讲不大清楚的差别 delicate ear for music 对音乐有鉴赏力 / delicate touch/ 妙笔生花 delicate features 清秀的五官

/delicate food 美味的食物

1.1.4 词语引申意

1.1.4.1 具体形象引伸为该形象的代表属性

1) There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of that smuggler 毒枭的性格既残暴又狡猾

1.1.4.2 抽象变具体

1)

2)

there had been too much violence in that region 那个地区发生了许多暴力事件

The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green . 停下了 ,错过了绿灯 .

犹太人的铺子关闭了

.

字旗取代了六角星旗 .反犹太主义的包围圈一天紧似一天

.

3) Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars. The walls of anti-Semitism were closing in.

1.1.5 complimentary or derogative terms

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

Your country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the peoples who struggle against terrorism. 。贵国一直坚定地站在反恐怖主义战线

的前列。

It is the champion of that case.案子的罪魁祸首

Mary always gets what she wants by playing office politics. 耍手腕到达目的。

The arrogant policeman is very humble towards his superiors. 傲慢无礼的警察见到上司非常谦卑恭顺。

Should the couple split up or stay together for the sake of the kids? 这样的夫妻应该离异，还是为了孩子凑合过下去？

6)He has the reputation of being a blood-sucker.他是个臭名昭著的吸血鬼。

7)She has made a reputation for herself through hard work.她勤奋工作为自己赢得了声誉。

.

1.1.6 要了解文化特性

1)心中有事，必形于色。

The face is the index of the mind.

2)别久情疏。 Far from eye, far from heart.

3)我让他抢了先。

He has stolen a march on me.

4)他想贿赂这个政府官员。

He is trying to oil the judge ’s palm.

5）Greek and Latin are all English to me.(English means easy. But “it is Greek to me “means to difficult)

6)There are cattle in the field, but we sit down to beef. 在地里放牧的叫牛，在餐桌上吃的叫牛肉。

7) It is a black lie. 恶意的谎言。

8)． From time to time, we have to do rather tricky job and feel that one of our fingers is getting in the way. We say that we are all thumbs. 我们有时要

干些精细的活，但感到手指不听使唤，我们说自己苯手苯脚的。

9)请你耐心一点。

To hold your potato

10)The couple lead a cat and dog life. 这对夫妻老吵架。

11).John can be relied on, he eats no fish and plays the game约翰为人可靠，

他既诚实又正直。

1.2 语境分析 ：分析词与周边逻辑关系。

1)We must insert a new fuse every time fuse has functioned.每当保险丝烧断后，我们就换上新的。

2)------- “Well, old boy, ”said the visitor, “it ’s nice to see you up and about”

----- “Up , yes, ”the patient said, “but about , no — at least not much,”

------- “喂，老兄， ”探视者说， “见到你起来走动走动，真高兴。

”

------ “是能下床了， ”病人答到。“若说走动还步行—至少还不太行。

”

3)-----Clare stood still, and inclined his face towards hers.

------- “ Oh, Tessy!

” he exclaimed.

----- The girl

’ s cheeks burned to the breeze, and she could not look into his eyes for the emotion.( T. Hardy: Tess of the d

克来站住了脚，把脸贴

/ 俯向来丝的脸。

“哦，台丝？”他动情的叫到。

苔丝感到了他的呼吸，脸上给烧得火辣辣的，她心摇神荡，不敢再盯着克来的眼睛。

1.3 语用分析

对语言的交际意义进行分析。

1.3.1 了解说话人的感情，态度，情绪和意念等

1)Say that again and I

’ ll part with you oncedforanall. （警告）你再这样说，我就不再理睬你了。

2)You are stubborn. He is pig-headed. I am strong-willed. （褒、贬有别）你太固执，他是头倔驴，而我却意志坚强。

3)He is a post-graduated, but speaks no English.（表惊讶）他是个研究生，奇怪的是连一句英语都不会说。

4)A down-to-earth man would have succeeded.（含假设）如果脚踏实地，就不会失败了。

1.3.2 选词对风格的影响：用词不同

1)

,句法结构不同 , 表现手法不同 ,从而导致了风格的不同 .

Beside the flashing light, Miller had frequent but not severe headache , which he attributed to business tension, lack of exercise and too many

cigarettes. At 42, he had realized the ambition of many bright young engineers: to own a manufacturing business.

2)

I joined the Marine Corps at seventeen. I was very mixed up. I wanted to become a first-class citizen. I wanted to be accepted and I was very

proud of my uniform. My mom didn ’twant to sigh the papers, but she knew I had to better myself and maybe I ’dget an education in the

services.

,表达方式不同 . 形式对意义的影响 . 1.3.3 风格对意义的影响：原文的意图不同

1) 40-Love

middle aged

couple playing

ten-

when

game

and

go

the

will

be

tween

nis

the

ends

they

home

net

still

be-

them

2.表达阶段

2.1 直译与意译之争

2.1.1 直译：强调“形似”

1)John is a clean-cut , great-looking guy. 是一个干净利落 ,相貌伟大

岸的人 .

2)Endless African plain. The sun is bright, the trees are green and the animals live happily.

一望无际的非洲平原 ,阳关道明媚 ,树木葱绿 ,动物们幸福地生活着

.

3)You toil and work and earn bread, and I ’lleat it. 你们流汗劳动换来的面包，我坐享其成。

2.1.2 意译 :强调 ”神似 ”

1)It was an old and ragged moon.这是一弯下弦残月 .

2) Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth.

. 原文中都有颜色词 , 用意译法进行灵活处理

3)

4)

5)

6)

Do you see any green in my eye? 你以为我幼稚好欺吗？

He is green with jealousy . 他醋意大发 .

He is a blue-blooded man.他出身贵族 .

This is very white of you. 你真诚实

You look blue today. What ’s wrong with you? 你今天闷闷不乐 .出了什么事 ?

He looked at me blackly. 他怒气冲冲地瞪着我 .

She was tickled pink to see her husband on television.在电视上看到她丈夫高兴的不得了 .

7)

8)

9)

10)

Her story immediately reminded me of a Chinese saying “The young beautiful lady will always be star-crossed ”听了有关她的故事 ,我立刻想

到中国的一句俗语 “红颜薄命 ”

11)So we may credit the achiever with brains , brawn or lucky break, and let ourselves off the hook because we fall short in all three.

我们常以为成功者之所以成功是因为身体好，脑子灵，运气佳，从而为自己找借口，说自己不成功是因为身体不好，脑子不灵，运气不

佳。

2.1.3.原则：能直译就尽量直译，

不能直译就意译

2.1.3.1 能直译就直译。

1)There never was a good war or a bad peace从.来就没有好战争和坏和平

2)It gives me very great pleasure to see Chinese children shooting up like bean sprout , full of vitality and energy.

我非常高兴的看到华裔小孩像豆

牙菜一样冒出来，充满生计和活力

3)In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is the king.

山中无老虎，猴子称霸王。

4) have eaten more salt than you over the years我.吃的盐比你多

5）Criminals must be made to see the consequences of their crimes. “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth ” is the very basis of Justice.

必须使罪犯看到自己犯罪的后果， “以眼还眼，以牙还牙”正是法制的基础。

6)During the rush hours, you can often see a boiling sea of bicycle running in all directions.

在高峰时，你经常可以看到沸腾的自行车海洋涌向四面八方。

2.1.3.2.不能直译就意译。

1)

2)

3)

Things Go Better With Coke 可口可乐 .顺心顺意 .

Diamond cuts diamond. 强中更有强中手

Don’t cross the bridge till you get to it. 担心太早。

4) He that lives with cripples learns to limp. 跟什么人学什么人 . 归化译文 : 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

5)

6)

7)

8)

Give a dog a bad name and hang him.谗言可畏

Cast pearls before swine.对牛弹琴

Our military is powerful , and it ’s prepared.我们的强大军队随时准备投入战斗。

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne infection. The disease is characterized by high fever, headache, bone or joint and muscle pains , and rash. 登

革热是一种由蚊子传播的传染病，其临床特征为高烧，头痛，骨头或关节痛，肌肉痛以及皮疹

2.1.3.3.直译与意译并举

1)Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.

直译 :砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮

意译 :砸镜子并不能解决实际问题

,也不能使社会问题烟消云散

.

.

2)Don’tlock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.

直译：不要等马被盗了，才去锁厩门。

意译：不要贼走关门。

3)Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water.

直译：同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起，这位乡下姑娘颇有如鱼离水之感。意译：同这

么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起，这位乡下姑娘感到浑身不自在。

1)

2)

He was a dead shot. However, he met his Waterloo.他可是个神枪手，可这一次却遭受失败。

She’d never again believe anything in trousers. 她再也不愿意相信任何男人了。

3)He walked at the head of funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头，

还不时用一条大手绢摸去他那鳄鱼眼泪。 （假惺的眼泪）

4)The Italians are wise before the deed, the Germans in the deed, the French after the deed. 意大利人事前聪明 ,德国人事中聪明

, 而法国人事后聪

明.

5）If she was a victim, if anyone is to take the blame for her death, then the one certain candidate is fame itself. 若说她是受害者，若要找出令她死

亡的罪魁祸首，名气肯定是最大的疑凶。

5)A greeting card can warm a heart , hold a hand, lend an ear, pat a back, light up a face, tickle a funny bone, dry an eye, surprise a child, woo a

sweetheart , toast a bride, welcome a stranger, wave a good-bye, shout a bravo, blow a kiss, mend a quarrel, ease a pain, boost a morale, stop a

worry and start a tradition.一张问候卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背；它令人喜洋洋，撩人心痒痒，抹去泪汪汪；它能

给孩子以惊喜，给恋人以温存给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎；它可以用以挥手告别，高声喝彩，送上飞吻，也可以用以平息争吵，减轻痛

苦，提高士气，消除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。

More

1)I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave her (my wife ) my old age. 我把青春奉献给了海洋，

苍了。

等我回到家时， 看见妻子已是白发苍

2)When Jean graduated from high school, she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses.把一切事情看得太简单太容易了。

3)But no one forces you to go to sea. It gets in your blood. 但是没有人强迫你出海，是你心甘情愿的嘛。

4)After so much bad blood between us, how generous can I expect him to be? 我们之间既然仇恨这么大，他还能待我宽厚吗？

5)Barbara was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. 生在富贵人家财

6)Maybe he has cut off his own head and destroyed himself 也许他走绝了路，自己毁掉自己。

11) They don’t know their right hand from their left.

他们什么也不知道

2.1.3.4

Instant nutritious cereal ( enhanced with calcium)

The raw ingredients include wheat, maize, Chinese sorghum and rice. These combine to provide a wide range of vitamins, minerals and

carbohydrates, which have been proven to be essential for our body’s health and nutrition needs.

Scientifically advanced methods of extraction ensure the preservation of nutritious value in the raw ingredients used for ACES Nutritious Cereal.

The beverage is delicious and easy to serve, a perfect and convenient supplement for the body’s dietary requirements in this modern age. The

formula enhancing with calcium makes the drink an especially healthy choice.

本饮品以麦子、玉米、高梁、稻谷等粗粮为原材料。富含多种维生素、矿物质及碳水化合物

, 是现代饮食结构的重要组成部分，是人营

体不可缺少的营养补充。

营养麦片（加钙型）采用更先进的加工方法，提取粗粮内的有益成份，美味可口

,即冲即饮

,

养更全面、更符合人体所需。其独特强

化钙配方是现代人士补充营养、均衡饮食的健康选择。

3.审核阶段 ---- -

A ． 核对人名，地名，日期，方位，数字等有无错误

B． 核对有无漏译现象

C． 修改译文中译错的和不妥当的地方。

D ． 检查标点符号

E． 通常核对两遍 : 一核内容，二润饰文字。

1）Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.

路丝一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。

2）After lunching in the basement of the Medical School Philip went back to his rooms. It was Saturday afternoon, and the landlady was cleaning the

stairs.

在医学院地下室吃过饭后，菲力普回到自己的寓所。那是一个星期六的下午，女房动荡不安正在打扫楼梯。

3)Such ideas often produce only false hope and unnecessary fears这.种想法常常只会产生盲目乐观和不必要的恐惧

亮 , 使人神往 ,令人陶醉 .

.

4)And the beauty of the pearl, winking and glimmering in the light of the little candle, cozened his brain with its beauty. 美丽的珍珠 ,在烛光下闪闪发

5)I love tiger cat, ⋯ British movies on public television, fluffy blouses, the nuclear family,

⋯

我喜欢虎纹家猫，⋯⋯爱看公共电视台播放的英国电影，爱穿蓬松的罩衫，向往三口之家的生活。

更多：

in every Chinese city,, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theaters and restaurants.在中国我们每到一个城市，就逛大街、逛商店、游公园、上

剧院、下饭馆。

He once again imparted to me his great knowledge, experience and wisdom 我再次感受了他那广博的知识、丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。

6)I have read your articles. I expected to meet an older man.我看过你的文章 ,没想到你这么年轻 .

7) A thousand mustaches can live together, but not four breasts.谚语，粗俗：千条汉子能共处

,两个婆娘难相容 .<翻译通讯 >