高中英语之名词知识点

高中英语之名词知识点

考点聚焦

1. 常见的不可数名词：

fun 有趣 advice 建议 weather 天气

progress 进步 information 信息 baggage 行李

homework 作业 furniture家具 knowledge知识

equipment设备 luggage行李

该点主要是考改错

例如：If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and

gain knowledges we cannot get from books.（2016年全国2）

解析：因为knowledge是不可数名词，故knowledges改为knowledge；

2. 有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的含义：

papers 文件，论文 goods 货物，商品 sands 沙滩

woods 树林 times 时代 manners 礼貌

lines 台词 damages赔偿金 pains努力

spirits 酒精 waters 水域 expectations前程

例如：a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone

mountain

tops and dark waters of the Li River .（表示水域）

3. 考查可数名词的单复数

例如：I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists

seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li

River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ___（painting）.（2015年全国1）

解析：根据题意，漓江的水域在许多的中国画中被艺术家所描绘。many Chinese ___，many修饰可数名词，故填paintings。

注意：可数名词的变化规则：

1）单数名词词尾直接加-s。

如：boy — boys, pen — pens。

2）以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。

如：glass — glasses,box— boxes, watch — watches, brush

— brushes。

3）以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”而

以“元音字母 + y”结尾的就直接加s。

如：baby — babies, lady — ladies, fly — flies。

4） 以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato — tomatoes, potato

— potatoes, hero — heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio — radios,

zoo — zoos, photo — photos, piano — pianos, kilo —

kilos, tobacco — tobaccos。

5）以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife — wives, life — lives, knife —

knives, wolf— wolves, self — selves, leaf — leaves等。特例：

handkerchief— handkerchiefs, roof — roofs, chief — chiefs,

gulf — gulfs, belief — beliefs, cliff — cliffs。

6）不规则变化。

如：man — men, mouse — mice, foot — feet,

woman — women, tooth — teeth, goose — geese, child

— children。

4. 名词的所有格

（1）“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：

① 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，

例如：today’s newspaper,five minutes’walk（drive）,five pounds’weight, ten dollars’worth of coffee。

②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。

如：the earth’s planet, the word’s population, China’s industry,

New York’s parks。

（2）“of”所有格的表示方式有：

表示“部分”时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），

如：Some students of Mister Zhang’s have gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。

5. 动词变名词的后缀法

例如：Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest

building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas

are it top （attract）.（2016年全国1）

解析：本题根据词性搭配，要填名词，故填attraction

1）动词+ence

existence存在 occurrence 发生

reference 参考 preference 偏好

2）动词+ance

acceptance 接受 appearance 出现

performance 履行tolerance 容忍

enterance 进入assistance 帮助

insurance 保险

3）动词+tion

production 生产 introduction 介绍

reduction减少 prevention 阻止

protection 保护 invitation 邀请

communication交流 devotion致力

4）动词+sion

impression 印象 depression沮丧

expression 表达 expansion扩大

decision 决定 permission允许

5）动词+ment

agreement 同意 development 发展

punishment 惩罚 treatment 对待

settlement 定居 achievement 成就

improvement 改进 encouragement鼓励

2015年—2019年全国卷语法专项

语法填空

1. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the

adobe dwellings

admirable is their （able） to “air condition”a house

without using electric equipment.

2. The nursery team switches him every few （ day）

with his sister. （2016年全国1）

3. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll

feel a real sense of （achieve）.（2016年全国2）

4. Recent （study） show that we are far more

productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. （2016年全国2）

people think that the great Chinese scholar

Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. , influenced

the （develop）of chopsticks.（2016年全国3）

6. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）as a method of fighting heart disease, has had

some unintended side （effect） such as overweight and

heart disease — the very thing the medical community was

trying to fight.（2017年全国1）

7. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed

people to avoid terrible （crowd） on the roads above as

they travelled to and from work.（2017年全国2）

8. This development was only possible with the

（introduce） of electric-powered engines and lifts. （2017年

全国2）

9. She is determined to carry on with her （educate）.（2017年全国3）

10. She has turned down several （invitation） to

star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. （2017年全国3）

11. Two of the authors of the review also made a study

published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes day of

running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from

all （cause）.（2018年全国1）

12. This switch has decreased （pollute） in the

country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water

safer for people.（2018年全国2）

13. My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a （science）who

studies animals such as apes and monkeys.（2018年全国3）

14. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have

reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,

leading to a （believe） that populations are increasing.（2019年全国1）

15. When they were free from work，they invited us to

local events and let us know of an interesting （compete）to watch，together with the story behind it.（2019年全国3）

短文改错

1. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.（2015年全国1）

day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.（2015年全国2）

3. The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time

for me .（2016年全国3）

4. The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow

down!” “Turn left!”.（2017年全国1）

5. Besides, they often get some useful informations from

the internet.（2017年全国2）

6. Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate

house to raise dozens of chicken.（2018年全国1）

7. When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.

（2018年全国2）

8. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the

sitting room. （2018年全国2）

9. I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a

place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks,

and mistake as well."（2018年全国3）

10. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net.（2019年全国1）

11. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,

saying that I had a talent for football.（2019年全国1）

12. Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like

to do. （2019年全国2）

13. I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.（2019年全国3）

答案

语法填空：

y; ; ement; s; pment；s; ；uction；ion；tions；；ion；ist;；ition；

短文改错：

改为air；改为parents; 改为years；

改为words；ations改为information；n改为chickens；’s改为Friday;改为sorts；e改为mistakes；sing改为surprise；改为players；;改为cities；