力学专业英语词组+解释

拉力 tensile force

正应力 normal stress

切应力 shear stress

静水压力 hydrostatic pressure

集中力 concentrated force

分布力 distributed force

线性应力应变关系 linear relationship between stress andstrain

弹性模量 modulus of elasticity

横向力 lateral force transverse force

轴向力 axial force

拉应力 tensile stress

压应力 compressive stress

平衡方程 equilibrium equation

静力学方程 equations of static

比例极限 proportional limit

应力应变曲线 stress-strain curve

拉伸实验 tensile test‘

屈服应力 yield stress

极限应力 ultimate stress

轴 shaft

梁 beam

纯剪切 pure shear

横截面积 cross-sectional area

挠度曲线 deflection curve

曲率半径 radius of curvature

曲率半径的倒数 reciprocal of radius of curvature

纵轴 longitudinal axis

悬臂梁 cantilever beam

简支梁 simply supported beam

微分方程 differential equation

惯性矩 moment of inertia

静矩 static moment

扭矩 torque moment

弯矩 bending moment

弯矩对x的导数 derivative of bending moment with respect to x

弯矩对x的二阶导数 the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x

静定梁 statically determinate beam

静不定梁 statically indeterminate beam

相容方程 compatibility equation

补充方程 complementary equation

中性轴 neutral axis

圆截面 circular cross section

两端作用扭矩 twisted by couples at two ends

刚体 rigid body

扭转角 twist angle

静力等效 statically equivalent

相互垂直平面 mutually perpendicular planes

通过截面形心 through the centroid of the cross section

一端铰支 pin support at one end

一端固定 fixed at one end

弯矩图 bending moment diagram

剪力图 shear force diagram

剪力突变 abrupt change in shear force、

旋转和平移 rotation and translation

虎克定律 hook’s law

边界条件 boundary condition

初始位置 initial position、

力矩面积法 moment-area method

绕纵轴转动 rotate about a longitudinal axis

横坐标 abscissa

扭转刚度 torsional rigidity

拉伸刚度 tensile rigidity

剪应力的合力 resultant of shear stress

正应力的大小 magnitude of normal stress

脆性破坏 brittle fail

对称平面 symmetry plane

刚体的平衡 equilibrium of rigid body

约束力 constraint force

重力 gravitational force

实际作用力 actual force

三维力系 three-dimentional force system

合力矩 resultant moment

标量方程 scalar equation、

矢量方程 vector equation

张量方程 tensor equation

汇交力系 cocurrent system of forces

任意一点 an arbitrary point

合矢量 resultant vector

反作用力 reaction force

反作用力偶 reaction couple

转动约束 restriction against rotation

平动约束 restriction against translation

运动的趋势 tendency of motion

绕给定轴转动 rotate about a specific axis

沿一个方向运动 move in a direction

控制方程 control equa

tion

共线力 collinear forces

平面力系 planar force system

一束光 a beam of light

未知反力 unknown reaction forces

参考框架 frame of reference

大小和方向 magnitude and direction

几何约束 geometric restriction

刚性连接 rigidly connected

运动学关系 kinematical relations

运动的合成 superposition of movement

固定点 fixed point

平动的叠加 superposition of translation

刚体的角速度 angular speed of a rigid body

质点动力学 particle dynamics

运动微分方程 differential equation of motion

工程实际问题 practical engineering problems

变化率 rate of change

动量守恒 conservation of linear momentum

定性的描述 qualitative description

点线 dotted line

划线 dashed line

实线 solid line

矢量积 vector product

点积 dot product

极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia

角速度 angular velocity

角加速度 angular acceleration

infinitesimal amount 无穷小量

definite integral 定积分

a certain interval of time 某一时间段

kinetic energy 动能

conservative force 保守力

damping force 阻尼力

coefficient of damping 阻尼系数

free vibration 自由振动

periodic disturbance 周期性扰动

viscous force 粘性力

forced vibration 强迫震动

general solution 通解

particular solution 特解

transient solution 瞬态解

steady state solution 稳态解

second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程

external force 外力

internal force 内力

stress component 应力分量

state of stress 应力状态

coordinate axes 坐标系

conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件

body force 体力

continuum mechanics 连续介质力学

displacement component 位移分量

additional restrictions 附加约束

compatibility conditions 相容条件

mathematical formulations 数学公式

isotropic material 各向同性材料

sufficient small 充分小

state of strain 应变状态

unit matrix 单位矩阵

dilatation strain 膨胀应变

the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量

deviator stress components 应力偏量分量

the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量

bulk modulus 体积模量

constitutive relations 本构关系

linear elastic material 线弹性材料

mathematical derivation 数学推导

a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态

Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律

directly proportional to 与……成正比

stress concentration factor 应力集中系数

state of loading 载荷状态

st venant’ principle 圣维南原理

uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸

cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标

buckling of columns 柱的屈曲

critical value 临界值

stable equilibrium 稳态平衡

unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件

critical load 临界载荷

a slender column 细长杆

fixed at the lower end 下端固定

free at the upper end 上端自由

critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷

potential energy 势能

fixed at both ends 两端固定

hinged at both ends 两端铰支

tubular member 管型杆件

transverse dimention 横向尺寸

stability of column 柱的稳定

axial force 轴向力

elliptical hole 椭圆孔

plane stress 平面应力

nominal stress 名义应为

principal stress directions 主应力方向

axial compression 轴向压缩

dynamic loading 动载荷

dynamic problem 动力学问题

inertia force 惯性力

resonance vibration 谐振

static states of stress 静态应力

dynamic response 动力响应

time of contact 接触时间

length of wave 波长

resonance frequency 谐振频率