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Unit 3 Gender Difference （第二版，Book 4）
PREPARATION (20 minutes)
READING-CENTERED ACTIVITIES
1. Text organization (5 minutes)
1) Introduction (Para.1)
It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that
constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture
2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (Para.2—4)
Supporting evidence:
A. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (Para.2)
a. Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process。
b. The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go
on to higher achievement.
c. Two examples:
i. In many of former all-women‟s colleges, the boys were “taking over” the classroom
discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.
ii. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and
medical school classrooms in recent years.
B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks in accordance with stereotyped
gender roles. (Para.3)
a. Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class
b. An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific “experiment” while the girls
were given the task of putting the materials away
C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’s
assumption. (Para.4)
a. The assumption: Boys will do better in the “hard”, “masculine” subjects of math and science
while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills。
b. Its problem: The assumption is also a self-fulfilling prophecy.
c. Three examples:
i. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up
to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.
ii. In Germany, all students are considered “masculine”, and it is girls who develop reading
problems.
iii. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in
reading
3) The educational bias begins at home. (Para.5)
A. Supporting evidence:
a. Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl
preschoolers.
b. Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while girls are
filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of and for their
“goodness” and obedience to rules.
B. The consequences when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom:
Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form
and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being “right” in their answers than
in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.
C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child's waking hours,
society reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold
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Unit 3 Gender Difference （第二版，Book 4）
Language points (50 minutes)
1. approve
[流行美语79]：down with that 同意
含义2）的例句II): The Medical Research Council said it could not approve the use of the new
drug without further tests.
The Medical Research Council is the UK's largest public organisation dedicated to
advancing knowledge in all areas of human health. It consists of a large number of separate
units and centres, located across the UK, each with its own area of specialisation.
2. aspiration
aspire v. aspire after / to sth
～ desire strongly to achieve sth; have ambition for sth 渴望成就某事务，对某事物有雄心或
野心
e.g. aspire after knowledge 渴求知识
【常用句型】
cherish an aspiration for„ 胸怀······志向
have an aspiration to do sth. 渴望干······事
【例句】 had an aspiration to go abroad to pursue her studies. 她渴望出国学习。
2. I have no aspiration for/after fame.我不求名。
【记忆】派生词： aspirant n. 有志者
lofty aspiration and great ideals雄心壮志
3. assign
Job Assignment 工作分配
oversea assignment 海外工作
4. constitute
v. 组成，构成；建立
【例句】1) Seven days constitute a week. 一周有七天。
2) Such actions constitute a crime. 这种行动构成了犯罪。
3) The developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America constitute the Third World.
亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲的发展中国家构成了第三世界。
【词组】 constitute a government/an institute 建立政府/机构
constitute new traffic regulations 制定新的交通规则
辨析
constitute, compose, comprise
组成,构成,由...组成
3 to constitute
正式用语,指若干部分构成一个整体,不用被动语态
to compose
指一个整体由若干部分构成或由哪些要素构成,常用
be composed of
(整
体
is composed of
部分)
4 Water is composed of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
5 Steel is composed of iron and a number of other elements.
6
The book comprises ten chapters.
这本书共有十章。
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Studying and doing experiments comprised practically the whole of his life.
研究
和做实验几乎就是他生活的全部内容。
to comprise
不仅有 “整体由...构成”的意思,还有”由若干部分构成整体”的意思,不用
被动语态。
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