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Jane Eyre
《简爱》（Jane Eyre），是19世纪的英国文学名著，1847年出版，作者是英国的女
作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特(Charlotte Brontë)。故事中的女主角简爱是个孤女，从小被寄养在盖
茨海德庄园舅妈里德太太家，笼罩在被舅母虐待的阴影下，十岁那年被送进了罗伍德孤儿
院，院长是个自私残忍的人,经历了种种折磨，她的好友海伦死于肺病;但她靠着坚强的意志
完成了学业，成为一名优秀的教师，在孤儿院当了两年教师，但她受不了那里的孤寂，于
是受聘于桑费尔德庄园.庄园的主人罗彻斯特是个性格阴郁而又喜怒无常的人，他和简爱经
常为某种思想辩论不休，但两人却逐渐漫生情愫.有一天里德太太派人来找简爱，说她病危,
要见简爱一面。见面时,里德太太给她一封信，这封信是三年前简爱的叔父寄来的，向她打
听简爱的消息,并把自己的遗产交给简爱。里德太太谎称简爱在孤儿院病死了，临终前里德
太太终于良心发现把真相告诉简爱。罗彻斯特向她求婚,简爱答应了，并高兴地准备婚礼,
但是在婚礼上却发现罗彻斯特已经有合法妻子,而且他的妻子受过精神创伤，是一个精神病
患者。简爱伤心的离开了桑费尔德庄园.她花光了所有积蓄,沿途乞讨，最后晕倒在牧师圣约
翰家门前，被圣约翰和他的两个妹妹救醒。并且帮助她找到教师的工作。后来圣约翰发现
简爱是他的表妹,向她求婚,但简爱没答应。简爱回到桑费尔德庄园时，整个庄园已是一片废
墟.罗彻斯特为了救妻子，被烧瞎了双眼并失去了一只手，孤苦无依。简爱跟罗终于结婚，
生了一个男孩,而罗彻斯特的眼睛则回复到可以见到儿子。
Jane Eyre is a novel by English writer Charlotte Brontë. It was published in
London, England， in 1847 by Smith， Elder ＆ Co. with the title Jane Eyre。 The
first American edition was released the following year by Harper ＆ Brothers of
New York. Writing for the Penguin edition, Stevie Davies describes it as
“influential feminist text” because of its in-depth exploration of a strong female
character’s feelings.
Plot introduction
Jane Eyre is a first—person narrative of the title character。 The novel goes
through five distinct stages: Jane’s childhood at Gateshead, where she is
emotionally and physically abused by her aunt and cousins； her education at
Lowood School, where she acquires friends and role models but also suffers
privations and oppression； her time as the governess of Thornfield Hall, where
she falls in love with her Byronic employer， Edward Rochester； her time with the
Rivers family， during which her earnest but cold clergyman cousin， St John Rivers,
proposes to her; and the finale with her reunion with， and marriage to， her
beloved Rochester.
Jane Eyre is divided into 38 chapters and most editions are at least 400 pages
long. The original publication was in three volumes， comprising chapters 1 to 15,
16 to 26， and 27 to 38； this was a common publishing format during the 19th
century.
Themes
Morality
Jane refuses to become Mr. Rochester's paramour because of her
"impassioned self-respect and moral conviction。” She rejects St. John Rivers'
Puritanism as much as the libertine aspects of Mr. Rochester’s character。 Instead,
she works out a morality expressed in love, independence, and forgiveness. Jane
does not want to be seen as an outcast to society by being a mistress to Rochester.
Feminism
The role and standing of women in the Victorian era is considered by Brontë in
Jane Eyre， specifically in regard to Jane's independence and ability to make
decisions for herself. As a young woman， small and of relatively low social
standing， Jane encounters men during her journey， of good, bad, and morally
debatable character. However, many of them, no matter their ultimate intentions，
attempt to establish some form of power and control over Jane。 One example can
be seen in Mr. Rochester， a man who ardently loves Jane, but who frequently
commands and orders Jane about。 As a self—assured and established man, and
her employer， Mr。 Rochester naturally assumes the position of the master in
their relationship。 He sometimes demands rather than questioning Jane, tries to
manipulate and assess her feelings towards him， and enjoys propping up Jane
through excessive gifts and luxuries that only he would have been able to provide。
Jane， however, believes in the importance of women's independence, and strives
to maintain a position in life devoid of any debts to others. Her initial lack of
money and social status unnerves her， as she realizes that without the means to
be an independent woman， she is bound to either struggle through life trying to
make a living or marry and become dependent on a man。 Even after Jane agrees
to marry Mr. Rochester, and is swept up in the passion of the moment， the
feminist elements of her personality still show through. She is uncomfortable with
the showering of lavish gifts, as she resents that they will make her further reliant
on and in debt to Mr. Rochester， and thus tries to resist them. Furthermore， Jane
asserts that even after she is married to Mr。 Rochester， she will continue to be
Adèle's governess and earn her keep. This plan, which was entirely radical and
unheard of for the time, further illustrates Jane's drive to remain a somewhat
independent woman。 While the significant men present in Jane's life throughout
the novel all try to, in some form or another， establish themselves as dominant
over Jane， she in most cases remains resistant at least to a certain degree，
refusing to submit fully or lose all of her independence。
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