语法填空 练习题及解析

专题八

××

语法填空

从近三年高考来看，语法填空的考点分布如下：

一、有提示词类：设置7个小题

谓语动词

非谓语动词

高频考点

派生词

名词

形容词和副词类

低频考点

二、无提示词类：设置3个小题

高

频

考

点

介词

冠词

从属关联词

0～1题：重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。

0～1题：重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。

0～2题：侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句的引导词也偶有涉

及。

0～1题：并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。

0～1题：包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do，does，did；构成部分倒装的do，does，did；

构成一般疑问句的do，does，did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(before，ago，

however，)等。

1～2题：考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，

答案最多三个单词。

1～3题：考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。

1～3题：考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词

派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。

0～1题：主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。

0～1题：主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。

代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反

身代词等。

低

并列连词

频

考

其他

点

一、如何应对提示词为动词题

【思维流程】

【高考典例】

1.

（

2020·

全国

II

卷）

This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.

【答案】

carries

【解析】

考查一般现在时和主谓一致。

why

引导表语从句，从句中主语为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第

三人称单数形式，由整篇文章语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填

carries

。

2.（2020·全国III卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known painter.

【答案】

to find

【解析】

考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示出发

去做某事应用短语

set out to do sth.

，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填

to find

。

二、如何应对提示词为其他词题

【思维流程】

【高考典例】

1.（2020·全国III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come

and present their (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.

【答案】

finest

【解析】

考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展

示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”，此处应用形容

词最高级finest。故填finest。

2.

（

2020·

浙江卷）

Later

，

they learned to work with the (season)

，

planting at the right time and

，

in dry

areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(

灌溉

)their fields.

【答案】

seasons

【解析】

考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的

洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填

seasons

。

3.

（

2020·

山东卷）

Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.

【答案】

accuracy

【解析】

句意

:

历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语，位于形容词

historical

之后，应使用名

词，意为

“

历史的准确性

”

。故填

accuracy

。

三、如何应对纯空格题

【思维流程】

【高考典例】

1.(2019·

新课标

II

卷

)I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends

I have made_(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _____ because I want to.”

【答案】

but

【解析】根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用

but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。

2.（2020·浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven two factors.

【答案】by

【解析】

考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。

经典训练题

（一）

Like many other students, you may have various people, __1__ (include) family members and friends, giving

input on your college decision.

While many of your trusted relatives and peers(同龄人) may have very __2__(value) advice that can help you to

make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone.

Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and __3__ (satisfy) so keep that

at the front of your mind.

Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy __4__(let) a particular school become a front-runner early on

__5__ your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice —but be sure to carefully evaluate

every school __6__ has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.

Do keep __7__ open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that there's no re-living a certain

semester(学期), and there's no making up for lost time. Don't go to a school __8__(specific) for a high school

relationship __9__ to make someone else happy. A __10__ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student

must put his or her education first.

【答案】

1. including le ied

6. that ically

let

/during

t's

【解析】

本篇为说明文，主要讲的是高中生在决定上哪所大学时的建议——要自己做决定，并考虑清楚每种可

能的选择，以及保持开阔的思想。

1.考查词性转换。动词include转换为介词including，意为“包括”。

2.考查词性转换。此处修饰修饰名词advice，所以将value转换为形容词valuable（宝贵的）。

3.考查形容词。此处与前面的形容词happy并列作宾语补足语(make sb.+adj.)，所以动词satisfy转换为形容词

satisfied（满意的）。

4.考查非谓语动词。本句为it is to do结构，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式为真正的主语。

5.考查介词，表示“在……过程中”，用process。注意本句中early on为一个短语，意为“在初期；在

开始阶段；早先”，这里的on与process没有关系。

6.考查定语从句。定语从句...has accepted you缺主语，用that作主语，指代先行词school，因先行词前有every

修饰，一般用that而不用which。

7.考查冠词。句意：一定要保持开放的心态。因open是元音开头，用an。

8.考查词性转换。句意：不要特意为了高中的感情关系或是为了让别人开心而去某所大学。故形容词specific

转换为副词specifically ，意为“特意；专门地”。

9.考查连词。“for a high school relationship”与“to make someone else happy”为选择关系，所以填or（或者）。

10.考查名词所有格。表示“学生的”，用 student’s。句意：学生的大学经历是他或她自己的，必须把教育放在首

位。

(

二

)

Smile is a universal language, which ___11___ (use) throughout the world. However, the meaning of a smile in

different cultures may be different. Depending on different cultures, smiling can express joy and ___12___ (amuse), but

it can also indicate embarrassment. The following examples show this point of view. In an attempt to be open and

___13___ (friend), people in the United States smile a lot. Every one smiles at each other and this nonverbal

communication shows being polite in the United States. But in China, smiling is not only ___14___ expression of

happiness, but also a way to avoid ___15___(be) embarrassed. Chinese people like smiling when they are embarrassed

in order to avoid embarrassment. Smiling is a kind of good will but not sneer (

嘲笑

). For example: When a child falls

off from a bike, the adults in China may smile, ___16___ is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind of

impolite laugh.

The laugh is ___17___ (relate) to the smile. Also, different cultures have various ___18___ (meaning) about laugh.

Americans can enjoy a very heartfelt belly (

腹部

) laugh that comes ___19___ the deepest emotions while most Chinese

may think ___20___ silly to laugh that way.

【答案】

11. is used

16. which

【解析】

11.

考查被动语态。句意：微笑是世界语言，在全世界被广泛使用。但是，在不同的文化中，微笑的意思是

不同的。

12.

考查名词。该空在句中和

joy

并列，做

express

的宾语，故要用名词。

13.

考查形容词。

friendly

是形容词，和

open

并列，做

be

的表语。

14.

考查冠词。句意：微笑不仅仅是快乐的表示，而且是避免尴尬的方式。

expression

意为

“

表达，表示，表

12. amusement

17. related

13. friendly

18. meanings

14. an

19. from

15. being

20. it/it's

现

”

，是可数名词。结合句意，该处应用不定冠词。且

expression

的发音开头是元音音素，故该空应填不定冠词

an

。

15.

考查非谓语动词。

avoid

意为

“

避免

”

，后面接名词或动名词做宾语。

16.

考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，

“__________is a kind of gentle encouragement and may not be a kind

of impolite laugh”

是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，引导词在从句中做主语，故要用关系代词

which

引

导该从句。

17.

考查介词。

be related to

意为

“

和

……

有关

”

，是固定搭配。

18.

考查名词。

meaning

意为

“

意思

”

，是可数名词，该空前有

different

修饰，故要填复数形式。

19.

考查介词。

come from

来自于。

20.

考查代词。

it

在句中做形式宾语，指代

“to laugh that way”

。另外，

“___________silly to laugh that way”

还

可看作

think

的宾语从句，在该从句中，

it

是形式主语，代指

“to laugh that way”

，

is

是系动词。

（三）

The earliest exiting collection of Chinese poetry, Shi Jing (Book of Songs), _____21___(date) back to as early as

the 11th century BC, but the history of Chinese poetry may be even longer than that.____22____(develop) and changing

for thousands of years, Chinese poetry is like a beautiful and fathomless ocean to _____23_ Chinese-speaking people

couldn’t help but keep being drawn.

The very ancient poetry that was written 1000 or more years ago was simpler and about common things

____24____ love, romance and nature that people appreciate._____25 ___much poetry was written in the eras following

the Song Dynasty, it is thought the poets became _____26_____(increase) academic and abstract so that modern Chinese

can’t appreciate the style and meaning.

For foreigners, ancient Chinese poetry is more difficult to understand. One of the reasons is the nature of Chinese

characteristics____27____(they).Often the words have many meanings, and this make the translation of Chinese into

English ____28____key part of reading and understanding Chinese poetry. Put simply, good translation is essential to

fully understand Chinese poems.

If the greatest Chinese poets_____29____(name), Du Fu and Li Bai of Tang Dynasty who were

_____30_____(contemporary) and who both traveled widely in China often come up on top. Along with them, another

famous ancient poet is Su Shi of the Song Dynasty.

【答案】

21. dates 22. Developing 23. which 24. like

27. themselves 28. a

25. Though/Although/While

26. increasingly 29. are named 30. contemporaries/contemporary

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的古代诗歌以及著名的诗人。