新视野 大学英语 读写教程 第二册 笔记 Unit 1-6

读写BK2 Unit 01-A

Key Words

budget acute abrupt assess elapse account for to race through

1. If we intend to become efficient learners, we are supposed to learn first to budget our time scientifically.

2. Some animals have very acute sense of sight or sound, while others may have sharp sense of smell and touch.

3. The abrupt and cryptic nature of the ending has puzzled and annoyed many readers.

4. It is still too early to assess the effects of the newly-issued law on traffic safety.

5. Time elapses so quickly that when you begin to realize you should cherish it, you are no longer young.

6. Jenny had to account to her husband for every penny she spent.

7. As the time is running out, these students have to race through the rest of the questions on the test paper.

Match Game

stand still 停止不前 ritual interaction 礼节性交往

have an acute sense of 深深感到 develop a sense of trust 增进信任

restlessly 焦躁不安地 make social appointments 安排社交约会

seek attention in a store 指望店员的服务 save the feet 免去走路之劳

push past you 推桑着你走过去 pour sth. Into 投入

small exchanges 随意的闲聊

Words

1. fall behind sb./sth.(L1)：落在……后面

① become bit by bit further behind

To fall behind others. 落后于别人 /To fall behind sb. in study. 在学习方面落后

Eg:

Like boating up the river, if you’re not moving ahead, you’re falling behind. 逆水行舟，不进则退。

fall behind with sth.：在某方面滞后；拖欠。

② fail to produce sth. at the proper time

e.g.

fall behind with the rent 拖欠租金

Fall behind with the wages of peasant workers. 拖欠民工工资。

Fall behind with one’s work. 拉下工作

2. result in (L2)

= cause, lead to, bring about.

用法点拨：

前因＋ result in ＋ 后果.

Learning without thinking always results in perplexity. 学而不思则惘。

前果＋result from +后因

e.g. We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past.

比来比去：

*result from —be caused by, because of.

3. account for (L6)

① give a satisfactory explanation for…说明

用法点拨：

Account for: explain 解释或说明原因。因此不必再加上reason，以免出现内涵上的重复。

e.g. Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.

用法延伸：

Account to sb. for sth. 向某人解释某事。

②be a proportion of sth. 占某个数额或比例。

Eg: Girls account for half of our class.

女生占我们班一半人数。

 on account of 由于; on no account 绝不； take account of = take … into account 考虑到

4. count (L9)

vi. If sth. counts, it’s important or valuable; 有价值，重要。

vt. Calculate 计数

Eg: Every minute counts. / Every penny counts.

Nothing counts, money counts.

 count in 把……算入；count on/upon = rely on 指望；count out 逐一数出；count up 总计

5. abrupt (L16) a. (n. abruptnesss / adv. Abruptly )

1）sudden and unexpected; 突然的，意外地。

2）seeming rude and unfriendly, esp. because you do not waste time in friendly conversation 莽撞的

Eg: The bus came to an abrupt halt.

Sorry, I didn’t mean to be so abrupt.

6. take sth personally (L18)

To get upset by the things other people say or do, because you think that their remarks or behariour are directed at you in

particular; 认为…是针对自己而发的。

eg:

You mustn’t take her negative comments of your plan personally.

Don’t take what I am going to say personally.

7. convention (L24)

n. customary practice 习俗，惯例

比来比去：

Convention ：指为社会团体所认可的习惯做法，或双方所接受的协定。Military convention 军事协定

Tradition: 指一个民族世代沿袭的传统。

e.g. The Chinese traditions. 中华民族传统。

Custom: 指地方性风俗，或一个人的习惯做法。Local ~

Practice: 指约定俗成的做法或惯例。

e.g. International practice. 国际惯例

8. assess (L27) ( n. assessment, assessor (examiner) )

to make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it 评估，评价, 判断

Examples:

The technique is being tried in classroom to assess what effects it may have.

Many of the adults were assessed as having learning difficulties.

9. given + noun (L35) = (given that clause)

prep. taking into account 考虑到……

用法点拨：这是一种退而论之的表达法。

Given ＋ n. ＝ Given ＋ that 从句。

examples:

Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.

Given that they’re inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.

10. obtain (L45) (adj. obtainable 可获得的)

v. to get something that you want, esp. through your own effort, skill or work. 获得

Eg: Further information can be obtained from head office.

Phrases:

obtain sth. from sb./sth. obtain h sth.

11. be worthy of (L50)

deserving 值得

Example.

A responsible and caring teacher is always worthy of students’ respect.

Typical sentence:

Such a trifle is not worthy of mentioning.

区区小事，何足挂齿？

worth, worthy 句型搭配：

be worth + n. = be worthy of +n.

be worth doing = be worthy of being done

sth. is worthy + of being done. / to be done.

12. competent (L52) (n. competence, competency / ad. competently/ ant. incompetent)

adj. having enough skill or knowledge to do something to a satisfactory standard. 能干的

Example.

phrase： (feel) competent to do sth

He is the only party leader competent enough to govern this country.

Competent citizens of the 21st century are

supposed to have good command of English and computers.

语法1. Much less (Still less)…的用法

Much less (Still less) 用以连接两个具有落差的情况。前者为低，后者为高。表示“前者都不成立，更不用说后者”。前

句一般为否定，后者形式上为肯定，而意义上则为否定。相似用法为let alone, not to mention.

Much less 可参照前句的结构连接名词短语或动作行为，与前句相同的成分则可以省略，构成平行结构。

Let’s practice it!

1. The company can hardly make ends meet, much less expand its business. (更不用说扩大业务了).

2. I cannot afford to buy a motorcycle, (更甭提买小车了). much less a car.

3. It’s impossible for the 80-year-old man to walk, much less to run. (更别言跑步了).

4. I have never seen the man, much less spoken to him. (更谈不上跟他谈过话).

语法2. Whereas引导的并列句

Whereas引导的并列句表示转折，引出与前句相相反或互有出入的情况，以形成鲜明的对照。

Whereas的用法相当于while, but 或in contrast，只是whereas多用于文书等正式文体中。

e.g. We thought she did not like us, whereas in fact she was just very shy.

They want a house, whereas/while we would rather live in a flat.

Translation:

1. As he missed his last class, he had to_____________________________(向老师说明缺席的原因).

．．

2. The president is the only person_______________________________________ (真正管事的) at the university.

．．

3. _________________________(期末考试在即), so if you don’t work hard enough, ________________________(你可能会

．．

落后于别人).

．．．

4. __________________________________________(看她对孩子们的兴趣), teaching should be the right career for her.

．

5. she wouldn’t take a drink, ______________________________________________________(更别说留下吃饭了).

．．．

6. Some people have more money than they can spend, _____________________(而我却没有钱花).

．

7. A happy marriage___________(未必就与金钱相随相伴),for people may sometimes ________________(成为金钱的奴隶).

．．．．．．．．．

8. Because of _________________ (天气的突变), we had to ___________________(消磨周末时光)by playing cards indoors.

．．．

9. A man who is generous, considerate, responsible and caring____________________________(是值得你去爱的).

．．

10. When the police burst into the room, they found _________________________________(罪犯躺着死去了).

．．．．

读写BK2 Unit 01-B

Key Words

clash hostile devise repression regression isolation symptom distinction

1. Police have clashed with demonstrators again today.

2. The boy feels hostile towards his father.

3. She devised a method for quicker communications between offices.

4. Scientists have found that much unhappiness was due to mental repression.

5. We were relieved at signs of the disease’s regression.

6. Because of its geographical isolation, the area developed its own unique culture.

7. Common symptoms of diabetes are weight loss and fatigue.

8. The Act makes no distinction between children and adults.

Matching Game

fascinating interesting and attractive amuse (vt.) make sb. laugh or smile

appreciate understand and enjoy be hostile to sb. be of an enemy

devise think out, design distress great pain, sadness

evidently obviously cope with deal with … successfully

marvelous wonderful, outstanding

Words

1. have difficulty (in) doing sth./with + n. (L7) 在做 …… 方面有困难

用法延伸：

have difficulty (in) doing sth.

have trouble/problem (in) doing sth.

have a good/happy time (in) doing sth.

2. (sth.) be familiar to sb. (L8) 对 …… 熟悉, 熟知

用法点拨：

If sth. is familiar to you, it’s well known to you or you often experience or encounter it.

(sb.) be familiar with sth. 通晓 ……

(sb.) be familiar with sb. 与 …… 亲密

If you were familiar with sth. , you’ve a good knowledge of it or you know it in detail.

3. cope (L20)

to succeed in dealing with a difficult problem or situation.

*cope with 掌控，处理

eg: Sometimes I find it hard to cope.

Local authorities have to cope with the problems of homelessness.

4. would rather do sth. (L26)

＝prefer to do sth.

*would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A不做B

*would rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事 = one person would prefer another to do sth.

eg: I would rather die with glory than live with shame.

I would rather you came here tomorrow. （虚拟语气）

相关短语:

rather than — 而不是 …… ；与其 …… 不如 ……

She, rather than you, should be responsible for it.

other than — 除了（用于否定句）=except;

You can’t get to the island other than by boat.

other than — 不同于，非 =not

I borrowed some books other than novels.

5. appreciate (L43) vt. ( n appreciation, adj. appreciative )

1) to understand how serious or important a situation or problem is or what someone’s feelings are 理解

Eg：He did not fully appreciate the significance of signing the contract.

I’m not an expert, but I appreciate fine works of art.

2) to understand how good or useful someone or something is 欣赏

6. acquire (L47)

vt. get sth. with effort, learned 获取（知识）

e.g. He acquired some French during his staying in Europe last year.

acquire — 获得 （知识/习惯等），尤指努力后获得；

achieve — 取得（成就，进步等）；

retain — 保持；

gain — “赢得”（名声等好的东西）；

选择题：It’s through learning that the individual ____ many habitual ways of reacting to situation. （D）

A. retains B. gains C. achieves D. acquires

近形词：acquire, inquire, require, request

inquire — v. ask require — vt. “要求、规定；需要”

inquire about sth – 咨询某事 require sb. to do sth.要求、命令某人做某事

inquire sth. of sb. —向某人询问某事； require sth. of sb. — ask sth. of sb.要求某人某事

inquire after —问候某人； request sth. from/of sb. —向(某人)请求某事

inquire into — investigate request that sb. should do … 请求…一事

Translation focal points in text

1. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own

country. (TA:L23)

他们也许还会想念那种喝着茶或咖啡招待客人的

礼节性交往

，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。

．．．．．

2. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered (“此时被处理

的”) were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. (TA:L49)

在他们看来，

如果不是

花一定时间来处理某件事的话，则这件事就好象是无足轻重的，

不值得

给予适当的重视。

．．．．．．．

3. …your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values, and traditions that exist in different countries, you may

have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. (TB:L5)

have difficulty (in) doing sth.

你的观点可能会与存在于不同国家的不同信念、准则、价值观念和传统

发生冲突

。

在适应

一种新的文化及该文化中

．．．．．．

你不熟悉的那些部分时，你也许会遇到困难。

4. …, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock .

(TB:L19)

(v.) defend against

(a.) defensive

你会

想出

一些帮助你对付和

保护

自己

免受

文化冲击影响的

保护性办法。

．．．．．．．．．．

读写BK2 Unit 03-A

Key Words

tolerance subtle resistance subsequent harbor hesitate for a time meet with have nothing to do with

1. As the addict’s tolerance increases, he requires ever larger doses of the drug.

2. She has a very subtle mind.

3. The proposal met with some resistance from the staff.

4. The first and all subsequent visits were kept secret.

5. He always harbors thoughts of revenge on his rival.

6. If you have any question, don’t hesitate to ask me.

7. I will go to the countryside and stay with my grandparents for a time.

8. She was met with much criticism from the public.

9. He’s a thief and a liar; I’d have nothing to do with him, if I were you.

Words

1. imagine vt.

1) plan to have, think about having… 2) to form (a picture or idea) in the mind

Imagine + that clause / wh- clause / v-ing

Eg: You can imagine how surprised I was. 你能想像的出我当时是多么惊奇。

Try to imagine that you’re all alone on a desert island. 试想像一下你孤身一人在一个荒岛上。

It’s hard to imagine living in a place where there are no cars. 生活在一个没有汽车的地方是不可思议的。

She couldn’t imagine living in a small town like this. 她无法想像竟会住在这么一个小城镇里。

I can’t imagine George being unfair to anyone. 我不能想像乔治竟然对谁都不公正。

imaginary / imaginable / imaginative

All the characters in this book are imaginary.

Up to now, she has been the most suitable person imaginable.

An imaginative set designer can always enhance the play.

2. tolerance

n. willingness or ability to accept sth. 容忍,忍耐力

family members: tolerate v. endure, stand, bear… / intolerance n. lack of tolerance

tolerance to cold 耐寒能力 / tolerance of heat 耐热能力 / allowable tolerance 容许公差

3. be ( get ) involved with 专心于某事

Eg: He was involved with working out a plan. 他专心致志地制订计划。

be ( get ) involved in: interfere

If I were you, I wouldn’t get involved in their problems. 我要是你，就不去介入他们的问题。

4. subtle

a. 1) Not easy to tell or describe; fine; slight难于觉察或描述的；巧妙的 2) secret; tricky 诡秘的；狡诈的

FOR EXAMPLE:

1. Her whole attitude had had a subtle change. 微妙的

2. There are subtle differences in meaning between these two words. 细微的

3. I fall for that subtle plot every time! 诡秘的

4. An artist has subtler awareness of color values than an ordinary person. 敏锐的

5. The old craftsman has subtle fingers. 灵巧的

5. resistance (L21) n. being against sth. 敌对,抵抗 resistance to the new law

resist v. withstand 抵抗

to resist temptation 抵制诱惑 / I was unable to resist laughing. 忍不住 / The idea met with some resistance. 反对

6. subsequently (L27)

adv. after that, afterwards, then

e.g. The old school was sold and subsequently turned into a private house.

比来比去 consequently= therefore, as a result

The bank refused to help the company; consequently, it went out of business.

7. harbor (L28)

n. 港口/避难所

vt. keep sth. secretly in mind心怀 / give shelter to a criminal 窝藏(罪犯)

examples

Tiffany has been harboring spite against the boss ever since the quarrel. ( 怀恨在心)

2. harbor a grudge 心怀嫉妒

近义词shelter 掩蔽 / shield 遮蔽

8. hesitate (L52) ( n. hesitation )

v. pause before saying or doing sth. 犹豫

examples

te at nothing 毫不犹豫

2. He who hesitates is lost. 当断不断,必受其患

3. If you need anything, please don’t hesitate to ask.

9. for a time (L18) for a short period 暂时；

You’ll have your own office soon but for a time you will have to share one.

at a time 每次 ahead of time 提前 take one’s time 不慌忙

at all times 随时；总是 behind the times 过时 for the time being 暂时

at times 有时；间或

10. meet with (L21)

encounter sth., experience sth. 遭遇

Example: met with heavy traffic jam on her way back.

’d never met with such poor service before.

11. have nothing to do with (L31) 与…无关

have something to do with 与…有关

Examples

affairs have nothing to do with you.

2. He is such a liar. I would have nothing to do with him if I were you.我才不跟他往来呢 。

12. Buy time, buy time. (L49) Delay your decision about marriage that seems too soon.

buy time: delay an action or decision that seems to be coming too soon

She tried to buy time by doing a lot of talking. 她企图以滔滔不绝的谈话来拖延时间。

13. proceed vi.

1) go to a further or the next stage; go on 2) make one’s way; go

FOR EXAMPLE:

Having said how much she liked it, she then proceeded to make critical comments about the way I’d done it.

她说她很喜欢我做的这件事，可接着就批评起我做这件事的方式来。

The crowd proceeded to the church. 人群向教堂走去。

Let’s proceed to the next question. 现在讨论下一个问题。

early pioneers had to many hardships to settle on the new land. (CET – 4, 2000, 6) (B)

A. go into B. go through C. go back on D. go along with

2. David likes country life and has decided to farming. （CET- 6, 1997, 6）(A)

A. go in for B. go back on C. go through with D. go along with

14. Suffix -ism 表示 “主义”的名词字尾

-ist 表示 “人” 的名词字尾

-ic 形容词字尾

-ism Marx - Marxism commune – communism -ist ideal - idealist material - materialist

-ic athlete – athletic diploma – diplomatic patriot - patriotic

语法1. never too…to…的用法

too…to 太…以至于不…

The news is too good to be true. 这消息太好了,让人难以置信.

never too…to 做某事绝不会太…

1. One is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老.

2. It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢,为时未晚.

语法2. 同位结构

同位结构是指当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等的位置时，其中一个成分用于说明或解释另一个句子成分，前

者就称为后者的同位语，放在所说明的成分的之后。同位结构能突出某项事物以引起人们注意 .

examples

1. My best friend, Anna, was here last night.

2. You should see an ophthalmologist, an eye doctor.

Practice it

1.丘吉尔, 二战期间的英国总理,死于1965年。

ill, Britain’s Prime Minister during the Second World War, died in 1965.

2.他喜欢这项锻炼,冬泳。

He enjoys the exercise, swimming in winter.

Difficult sentences

1. Gail and I had no illusions (false belief 错觉，幻想) about what the future held for us (what our future would be like

) as a married, mixed couple in America. (L9)

翻译：作为一对居住在美国、异族通婚的夫妻，我和盖尔对未来不抱丝毫幻想。

hoping that marriage will solve all problems automatically.

2. …, that they overlooked (ignored) serious personality conflicts in the expectation that marriage was an automatic

way to make everything work out right. (L13)

3. To start with (First of all) I must admit that at first I harbored reservations (had doubts心怀疑虑) about a mixed

marriage, prejudices you might even call them. (L28)

翻译：你甚至可以把我的这种疑虑叫做偏见

Translation:

1. My tolerance of heat is greater after living in Xiamen for one year. (耐热能力）

2. The student won the competition with quick wit and a subtle mind . (敏锐的头脑）

3. There has been a lot of resistance to the new regulation that forbids dating on campus. (抵抗）

4. He harbor spite against his father. (暗怀憎恨）

5. Don’t hesitate to ask questions if you don’t understand the lecture. (不要迟疑）

6. I have been quite confused about the meaning of life _______________. (有一段时间）

7. The smart girl met with some unexpected difficulties while learning accounting. (遇到）

8. Other people’s life styles have nothing to do with you . Don’t always attempt to interfere. (与你无关）

读写BK2 Unit 03-B

Key Words

come up with anticipate compel behalf hit it off

1. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.

2. Do you anticipate any trouble?

3. We anticipate that demand is likely to increase.

4. Circumstances have compelled a change of plan.

5. I was compelled to acknowledge the force of his argument.

6. On behalf of my colleague and myself I thank you.

7. Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf.

8. I hope you could hit it off with my little cousin quite soon.

Matching Game

arrange organize proclaim make it clear

come up with find proceed to do go on doing

concerning about somehow in some way

anticipate expect miserably unhappily

compel force hit it off get on well with

课前小测

1. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand loud noises. (C)

A. come up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. keep up with

2. Pupils who pass the test will be ______ to the next grade. (A)

A. promoted B. proceeded C. progressed D. projected

3. Our company decided to ______ the contractbecause a number of the conditions in it had not been met. (A)

A. cancel B. resist C. assume D. destroy

4. New York is ______ second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year. (C)

A. placed B. occupied C. arranged D. classified

5. Knowing something as a whole is far from knowing all its ______ . (D)

A. instance B. character C. items D. details

6. He was ______ of having asked such a silly question.(C)

A. sorry B. guilty C. ashamed D. miserable

7. ______emergencies I have found it easier not to expect any help from the other people. (B)

A. Besides B. Except for C. Rather than D. Instead of

8. I have been ______ with that company for several years. (D)

A. supplying B. treating C. concerning D. dealing

9. I am sorry I ______ your glasses off the desk when I was wiping it. (D)

A. drew B. hit C. struck D. knocked

old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t ______ so much noise. (C)

A. resist B. intend C. tolerate D. hurt

Words

1. come up with : find or produce (an answer, a solution, etc.) 找到，想出

come up with+ a plan / answers to problems/ an idea

2. chop: v. cut sth. into pieces with a knife 砍，切 / n. 排骨

Examples: to chop down a tree / a pork chop 猪排

相关

chop剁（成碎末状）/ slice切（成片状）/ dice切（成丁状）/ mince剁碎（成末状）/shred切（成条状）/peel削皮

3. anticipate v. 预料/ 事先准备

1. I anticipate great pleasure from my college English learning. 我想我的大学英语学习会很愉快的。

2. A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.善战的将领能预知敌军动向而作好战斗部署。

4. compel vt. make sb. do sth.; force

compel sb. to do sth. = force sb. to do sth.

I felt morally compelled to help.我觉得在道义上我应该帮忙。

翻译：他的勇气不禁令人肃然起敬。His courage compels universal admiration.

5. behalf n. interest; side

on someone’s behalf =on behalf of sb. (代表某人）

1. On behalf of my husband and myself I thank you.

2. Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf.

6. hit it off 合得来 have a friendly relationship with each other

Do you hit it off with your brother-in-law?

I really hit it off with all my friends.

课文翻译

1. She can only cook looking at directions. My instructions are in my fingers. (L11)

她只会看着烹饪指南烧菜，而我对烹饪操作了如指掌。

Auntie Suyuan can only cook while looking at directions. I am so skilled that I can cook without much thinking as if my

fingers did it by themselves.

2. He was a bit on the short side, compactly built. (L22)

他稍微矮了一点，但长得很结实。

He was a little too short and had a small, but well-shaped body.

3. I could feel the goose bumps rise on my back. (L29)

我听后感到背上起了鸡皮疙瘩。

I was so disappointed that I could feel the tiny lumps or thick or hard raise areas on my back.

4. But before we could be so diplomatic, … (L50)

但是我们还没能来得及说一些圆滑得体的话，……

Before we could say something skillfully to please my mother, …

读写BK2 Unit 05-A

Key Words

be grateful for harden coupled with hook be stuck in slim starve of literally

1. You are awfully kind. I shall always be grateful to you.

2. I hardened my heart against him.

3. Her intelligence, coupled with her patience, overcame all difficulties.

4. For the first time luck hooked onto me.

5. We were stuck in a traffic jam for an hour.

6. It is not good for young ladies to keep slim at the cost of their health.

7. Many people in the mountainous area are starving of the opportunity to receive higher education.

8. The city was literally destroyed.

Match Game

一包香烟a pack of cigarettes 老鼠药rat poison

滤过的咖啡filtered coffee 毒气poisonous gas

一则新产品广告an advertisement of a new product 农用杀虫剂agricultural insecticide

城区,市中心区inner cities 战区war zone

经验丰富老于世故的人an experienced and worldly man 地震带an earthquake zone

家庭团聚family reunion 经济特区special economic zone

Words

1. be grateful for (L7) thankful (n. gratitude a. ungrateful)

译: 在遇到麻烦时他的朋友总是给予帮助，对此他很感激。

His friends always lend aid in time of trouble, for which he is grateful.

2. harden (L7)

① become hard, strong c.f. soften

译：土地让炎热的太阳晒硬了。The earth hardens under the hot sun.

他坚强起来了, 因为他已习惯于困难。His mind hardened as he became used to difficulty.

② to make unfeeling, unsympathetic

Don’t harden yourself against the aged. After all, you will grow old, too.

译: The northerners are quite hardened to the hot weather here now.

这几个北方人现在对这儿的炎热气候已习以为常了。

3. manufacture

v. make sth. in large quantities using machines 制造

manufacturing industries 制造业

译：海尔是一家制造高品质家电产品的企业。

Haier is an enterprise that manufactures high-quality household appliance.

manufacturer (L10)

n. a person or firm that produces goods 制造商

汽车制造商a car manufacturer

计算机制造商a computer manufacturer

电子产品制造商an electronics manufacturer

4. couple with (L17) associate with

The slippery road, coupled with the strong wind, made it impossible to ride a bike.

路面很滑，加上大风，不可能骑车。

引语Quotation：Ideas not coupled with action never become bigger than the brain cells they occupied.

5. hook vt. (L21) catch sth. by hook

翻译：小贩的鬼把戏让他上钩了。He was hooked by the vender’s tricks.

My father is hopelessly hooked by cigarettes.

Many students get hooked on computer games.

6. be stuck in (L25) caught or fixed 陷（入）；困（于）

翻译：我想要告诉她，只是有口难言。I wanted to tell her, but the words stuck in my throat.

Eg: We were stuck in a traffic jam for an hour.

7. slim (L37)

adj. ① thin; not fat; slender e.g： a slim-waisted girl一个细腰女郎

翻译：她有着可爱的苗条身材。She has got a lovely slim figure.

② not thick ; small; insufficient e.g：a slim pocket-book薄薄的袖珍本

她成功的机会甚微。Her chances of success are very slim.

相关 fat/ slim/ small/ slender/ poor chance 微小的机会

good/ high/ excellent / big chance

vi. ③ become or try to become thinner by eating less, taking exercises, etc. 减肥

eg: ——Another piece of cake?

——No, thanks. I’m slimming.

e.g：slimming exercises / slim down

8. starve of (L42)

vt. not give or not be given sth. that is needed 使缺乏；使得不到

Practice

这个地区的人们极需饮用水。People in this region are starved of drinking water.

这棵植物因缺乏光照而死掉了。The plant was starved of light and died.

9. weaken v. (L43) make or become weak or weaker （反义：strengthen）

翻译： 生产力的下降削弱了这个国家的经济。The fall in productivity has weakened the country’s economy.

随着病情的发展，她的身体逐渐变弱。She slowly weakened as the disease progressed.

10. literally adv. (L56)

① word for word 逐字地

翻译：translate the English passage literally 逐字翻译英语文章

② in a strict sense, actually, practically确实地, 真正地

翻译：这座古老城市几乎完全毁于大火中。The ancient town was literally destroyed by a big fire.

Useful Sentence Structures

It was not unusual…

1. It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour. (L7) 对他来说咳嗽个把小时是再平常不过的事了。

e.g. 近年来中学生玩电脑游戏很常见。In recent years it is not unusual to see secondary students play computer games.

upon doing

2. … as he lit his first cigarette upon getting out of bed. (L27)

… as he lit his first cigarette immediately after he got out of bed. 他早晨下床点第一支烟时······

upon/on doing sth.:

immediately after the occasion of sth.

e.g. 1. Upon asking for information I was told I must wait.

2. On being introduced to someone, a British person often shakes hands.

Difficult sentence in the text

1. When she smoked Marlboros and Players I hardened myself against feeling so bad; … (L7)

When she smoked Marlboros and Players I made myself become less sympathetic and less easily affected

emotionally; …

当她抽“万宝路”及“运动员”牌香烟时，我硬起心肠，不让自己感到难过。

。

2. There are large advertisement signs directed at them both: the tough, confident or fashionable older man, the

beautiful, “worldly” young woman, both dragging away. (L39)

到处都有针对他们这两类人的巨大广告牌：强壮、自信或时髦、年龄较大的男人, 以及漂亮、"世故"的年青女人，

都在吞云吐雾

3. … over time, people starve themselves of both food and air, … (L42)

… during that period of time (when money that should be spent for food is instead paid to the tobacco companies for their

cigarettes), people cause themselves to suffer from not having food to eat andfresh air to breathe in, …

久而久之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空气。

4. … effectively weakening and hooking their children, eventually killing themselves. (L43)

… effectively making their children weaker and dependent on cigarettes (in the same way as they are), eventually

killing themselves.

这样不但大大地削弱了孩子们的体质，还使他们染上了烟瘾，最终还会置他们于死地。

5. … surely one such victory in my family, for the prosperous leaders who own the tobacco companies, is

enough. (L57)

… surely one victim of the tobacco industry in my family means that the prosperous owners of the tobacco companies have

won a victory in my family, but one such victim is enough (otherwise it would be too much for

my family).

…… 当然那些生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们在我家取得一次这样的胜利就够了，

Translation:

1. I remember ________________________________ (自豪地流泪) when my first son was born.

2. I’m really ______________________________________(很感激你为我做的一切).

3. The writer wrote with plain words ________________________________________ (伴有幽默）

4. We’re _________________________________________________(无可救药地落下了进度）

5. Banks used to give away toasters and stuff to ____________________________________ (吸引顾客).

6. He passed his time surfing online; over time, he ________________________________. (他完全没有了上进心）

7. _________________________________________________________________(老师们怀疑这个孩子经常挨父母打) .

读写BK2 Unit 05-B

Key Words

spoil assign tendency accommodation compensate fluctuate undermine on demand submit prompt

1. Parents tend to spoil their only child.

2. We’ll have to assign a role to our new trainee.

3. In the past few years there has been an increasing tendency towards the use of guns by criminals.

4. Can we find accommodations at the hotel for the night?

5. We compensate workers for injuries suffered at their work.

6. Her wages fluctuate between $159 and $200 a week.

7. Every mistake that she makes further undermines her authority.

8. Passengers must show their tickets on demand.

9. We protested about the changes for a long time, but in the end we had to submit.

10. The company was prompt in its response to these accusations.

Old to New

for the night; suddenly • overnight small mistakes • slip

only just • barely remove the cover from • uncover

to some degree • somewhat finally, at last • in the end

change continually • fluctuate be certain to do sth. • be bound to do sth.

changeable • variable

Chinese to English

盥洗用品 • a lavatory/toilet kit 保住他的工作 • hold down his job

备置充分的急救用品 • a well-stocked first aid kit 全日制学生 • a full-time student

一套滑雪用具 • a skiing kit 兼职工作 • a part-time job

提出新颖的论点 • make an original point 以防，唯恐 • for fear that

上升趋势 • an increasing tendency 嘲笑，取笑 • make fun of

认为……理所当然 • take … for granted 一阵气愤 • a wave of anger

出于同情而帮助某人 • help sb. out of pity 遗传变异性 • genetic variability

Word Using

1. spoil

vt. ① harm the character of (esp. a child) 宠溺

那独生女孩被宠坏了—父母对她是有求必应。

That only girl is terribly spoiled — her parents give her everything she asks for.

vt. ② make sth useless,valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin 毁坏

新修的路彻底毁掉了那个村庄。The new road has completely spoiled the character of the village.

vi. ③ (of food, etc) become bad or unfit to be used, eaten, et 变质，变坏

如果你不把蛋糕放进冰箱，它就会变质。 If you don’t keep it in the fridge, the cake will spoil.

2. assign

vt. ① ~ sth to sb: give sth to sb as a share of work to be done or of things to be used

老师给我们每个人都分配了假日的任务。The teacher has assigned a holiday task to each of us.

vt. ② ~ sb to (do) sth: name sb for task or position; appoint sb

其中的一个成员被指定作记录。One of the members was assigned to take the minutes.

vt. ③ name or fix ( a time, place, reason, etc for sth)

我们把每周例会定在星期四好吗？Shall we assign Thursdays for our weekly meetings?

3. tendency

n. dsth that a person or thing does; a way of behaving 倾向；趋向；行事方式

Eg: Prices show a tendency to increase.物价呈上升的趋势。

He has a tendency to be late for appointments. 他赴约总是迟到。

4. accommodation

n. ① (pl.) lodging; room(s) and food 住宿；膳宿

协会为参加会议的人提供食宿。The society provided accommodations for the meeting.

n. ② convenient arrangement; compromise 和解，调解

双方并非在每一点上意见都一致，但已达成和解。

The two sides failed to agree on every point but came to an accommodation.

5. compensate

v. give (sb.) sth. good to lessen the bad effect of damage, loss, etc. 补偿，赔偿

Eg: 身体垮了是没有东西能补偿的。 Nothing can compensate for the loss of one’s health.

He paid a sum of money as a compensation for the loss in the fire. (n.)

6. fluctuate (L21)

v. ① (of feelings, attitudes or states) change frequently

翻译：His attitude seems to fluctuate between happiness and hopelessness.

他的情绪波动不定，一会儿高兴，一会儿沮丧。

v. ② (of price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall

翻译：价格在5美元和6美元之间波动。The price fluctuates between $5and $6.

7. undermine

v. weaken gradually; destroy property or hinder normal operations逐渐削弱, 暗中损害

Eg: 1.这栋房子不安全, 因为地基被洪水损坏了。 The house is unsafe since the foundations were undermined by floods.

2.多次严重的感冒损害了老人的健康 .Many severe colds undermined the old man's health.

8. on demand

whenever asked for

1. Passengers must show their tickets on demand. 查票时旅客须出示车票。

2. This will be paid on demand. 索款即付。

9. submit

① vi. ~ (to sb/sth): accept the control, superior strength, etc (of sb/sth);

submit to discipline遵守纪律 / submit to superior force慑服于优势兵力

② vt. ~ sth (to sb/sth): give sth (to sb/sth) so that it may be considered, decided on, etc

你必须在1月1日之前提交申请书。You must submit your application before January 1st.

10. prompt

① adj. done or acting without delay

prompt goods 须当场付款的商品

他总是迅速回复来信。He is always prompt in answering letters.

② vt. cause or encourage sb. to do sth.

是什么驱使你放弃这个工作呢? What prompted you to give up your job?

③ vt. to help sb. to continue speaking; to remind an actor/actress of his/her words

We need somebody to prompt at the performance tonight.今晚的表演我们需要有人提示台词。

inversion structure 倒装结构

1. I think in far too many families not only do children come to take their parents’ generosity for granted, ut also the

effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children.(Para.2)

Meaning:In my opinion, in too many families children begin to accept what their parents give them or do for them without

thinking much about it, and what is more, the effects of this fact are possibly harmful to them to some degree.

Translation

我不仅认为孩子们把家长的慷慨大方视作理所当然的家庭实在太多了，而且认为这种做法的后果实际上对孩子们

来说也是有害的。

2. …parents spoil their children out of a sense of guilt (Para.4)

Parents do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of their children by giving them too much because they feel they have

done something wrong to their children.

out of: because of sth; have sth as one’s reason

E.g I attended the lecture out of interest.

翻译

1. 在一户人家过夜

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. 壁橱里紧紧地塞满了衣服

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. 试图通过给与他们大量的物质财富来加以补偿

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. 经不住孩子不合理要求的父母

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. 拿不定主意是反对还是让步

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. 对他人的需求和感情不敏感

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

读写BK2 Unit 06-A

Idioms of Name

1. They call each other all sorts of names. 他们用各种恶言恶语互骂

2. He does not have a penny to his name. 他一文不名.

3. He was a chairman only in name. 他是个名义上的主席。

4. His name is mud. 他声名狼藉。

5. Thomas Edison was a great name in science. 托玛斯·爱迪生是个科学伟人。

6. In fishing, patience is the name of the game. 钓鱼时，耐心是最重要的。

Match Game

顾名思义 As the name implies/suggests

名落孙山 Failed to be admitted/ enrolled

名不虚传 Be true to one’s name

名列前茅 Go out top

名正言顺 Be perfectly justifiable

名垂青史 Go down in history

Key Words

associate attach … to… press for be ill at ease to some extent despair

1. A business associate

2. We should attach great importance to English learning.

3. Workers are pressing for improved working conditions.

4. She was ill at ease in the presence of strangers.

5. I agree with you to some extent.

6. She despaired of ever seeing me again.

substitute associate approval attach … to… qualify refine press for label

1. Substitute (L5)：替换 .

vt.及物用法: sb. substitutes A for B 某人用Ａ换Ｂ replace b with a

vi.不及物用法：Ａ substitutes for B A替换了B

We have to substitute Mr. Lin for the teacher who was still in hospital. 因为那位老师仍然住院，我们只好让林先生代课。

We must substitute a new chair for the broken one.候补队员替换了主力队员．＝主力队员被换掉了．

n. 名词用法：There is no substitute for good food and exercise.

ate (L5)

n. 同事、伙伴.合作人[C]. = someone you work or do business with

vt. Associate A with B; A be associated with B(=be related)

Adj. 1. someone of a lower level and fewer rights 联合的,联盟的,合伙的; 准的(会员)

associate member/professor/director

Eg: 他只是我的一个商业伙伴。He is but a business associate of mine.

People often associate roses with love.

Most people prefer to associate with friends at their own age.

CUBA=Chinese University Basketball Association

3. Approval（L18） n. 批准[C/N]、赞同[U] Disapproval

president has given his approval to the plan.

2. a nod/ smile/clap in approval

同根词: approve vt.批准 vi.赞同

Example 1.) The president has approved the plan.

2.) An approving nod/ smile/ clap

3.) 你赞同这项设计吗？Does the design meet with your approval? / Do you approve of the design?

4.) 你会批准这项工程吗？Will you approve the project?

… to …: (L24) fix sth. to sth., join to / connect … with…

Some girl students like to attach an accessory to their mobile phone.

一些女生喜欢将小饰物套在手机上。

Passengers should attach a label to their luggage before sending it.

托运之前乘客们必须在行李上贴上标签。

The president attach primary importance to the family life.

把家庭生活放在第一位 (认为重要)

5. qualify (L26) qualified; qualification

vi. Eg: Our team has qualified for the semi-final.

I won’t qualify until next year. 明年才具备资格

vt . A qualify B For sth./ as sb./to do sth.

B qualify for sth./ as sb./to do sth.

The training course qualifies you to be/ as a driving instructor. 参加了训练课程 就有资格成为/当驾驶教练

After three years here you’ll qualify for a rise. 三年就可获加薪

Eighteen-year-olds qualify to vote. 年满十八岁者有选举权

6. Refine (L29) vt.

1. to improve a method, plan, system etc by gradually making slight changes to it

2. 提炼、精练 Eg: oil refining

Typical examples: Car makers are constantly refining their designs.

Refined : adj. -educated/polite/ sed to be pure ticated

Eg: 1. a refined way of speaking优雅的说话方式

2. refined sugar精糖

3. refined surgery精密的外科手术

7. press for (L.35): make repeated and demanding request for

由于公众一再坚持调查这一问题，政府终于采取了一些措施。

The government finally took some action because the public had been pressing for inquiry into the question.

Press sb for sth: try repeatedly to persuade sb. To do sth.

The bank is pressing us for repayment of the loan.

He is pressing for a change in my attitude.

The firm is pressing (me) + for a decision/ to make a decision.

8. label (L58) label(l)ed/label(l)ing

n. 标签 care label / on the label / attach the label to

vt. 标标签 label A B 标注着。。。

label A with B 贴上。。。的标签

label Sb. (as) sth. （不公正、错误的）称、看待某人为…

Eg: says “dry clean” on the care label of the shirt.

2. The file was labeled “top secret”.

3. Each bag is labeled with the student’s name.

4. The newspaper has labelled him as a troublemaker. (but it’s wrong or unfair)

结构

I. 句子中的独立成分

有些句子中会出现语法意义上独立于主句之外的独立成分，可能是个词，短语，也可能是从句。这样的独立成分往往

以comma 逗号、dash 破折号来引导。

这样的独立成分其实就是我们熟悉的插入语，也可能是引导句子、置于句首的副词。

如何解答课本P156，Structure VII，即如何找到独立成分？

1.找到comma 或 dash这类的暗示

2. 既然语法上可以独立，那么试着将该部分遮蔽，看句子是否能成立。

常见的插入语

to make the matter worse generally, in general after all more or less

worse still exactly in other words

that is（to say） in fact, actually, in reality, altogether by the way

or rather 更确切地说 as a matter of fact sooner or later all in all

believe it or not in turn

what’s more

Besides

generally speaking, in return as a result Still

II. -ing 分词结构

如何解答课本P156, Structure VIII?

1. 找到从句；

2. 当从句和主句的主语一致、或主句的主语可以忽略，如祈使句，则删去从句中的主语；

3. 找到谓语动词；

4. 将主动的谓语动词形式转换为-ing (将被动的谓语动词形式转换为-ed)。

ATTENTION：

1. 修改后的分词结构如果做状语，从句中表示原因、条件等逻辑关系的介词或连词可以省略。表示让步的介词几乎不

省略。

2. 修改后分词结构习惯性置于句首或句中，较少于句尾。

Practice：

1. If I know anything about it, I will tell you all.

Knowing anything about it, I will …

2. Mary was worried because she has no news from Tom.

Having no news from Tom, Mary was worried.

3. Although he is a good swimmer, Tony hesitates before jumping.

Although being a good swimmer, Tony …

he is a good swimmer, Tony hesitates before jumping.

Being a good swimmer, Tony …

Ⅲ.各种典型

1. Typical pattern for expressing parallelism or proportionality 平行或类似表达法的典型

原句: As His Name Is, So Is He! (title) 人如其名

句型提炼 As…so: express parallelism or proportionality. 表示类比

应用: 你怎样对我，我也将怎样对待你。As you treat me, so I shall treat you.

As is the teacher, So is the student. 有其师必有其徒.

2. Typical pattern for emphasizing sth. 强调表达法的典型

原句: Naturally, the name change didn't cause Debbie / Lynne's professional achievement —but it surely helped if only by

adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents. (L. 10)

当然，戴比（或林恩）的职业成就并不是改名带来的，但是这肯定给她带来了好处，虽说改名字仅使她对自己的才能

增加了一点自信

句型提炼 Naturally, sb. / sth. does not cause / lead to / result in… — but sb. / sth. surely helps if only by doing….

当然，某一结果并不是由某人或某物带来的，但这肯定给某人带来好处/坏处，虽说仅仅是······

应用：a. 当然，仅有乐观态度还不能确保你生活幸福，但它的确会给你带来好处，虽说仅仅是改变了你对生活的态度。

Naturally, carelessness does not lead to your failure in everything — but it surely has negative effects if only by leaving

a bit of its mark on your behavior.

b. 当然，一事无成的后果并不是漫不经心所致, 但它的确会给你带来坏处，虽说仅仅是对你的表现产生了一点

点影响。

Naturally, optimism alone does not ensure you a happy life—but it surely helps if only by changing your attitude toward

life.

3. Often, we project name-based stereotypes on/onto people. (L.41)常常把由名字引起的固定想法加到他人身上

project ....on/onto : to imagine that someone else is feeling the same emotions as you将（感觉，意志等）强加于

Stereotype: 建于名字之上的固定想法;往往是不公正的定性。

Practice

家长常常把自己的一厢情愿加在孩子身上Parents often project their wishful ideas onto the children.

You are projecting your worries onto me.

4 Typical patterns for providing evidence: 提供证据的典型

原句: A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female name, while women believed

Richard and David were the most attractive for men. (L. 32)

最新调查表明：美国男人认为苏珊是最有吸引力的女性名字，而女性则认为查里德和戴维是男人中最有吸引力的名字。

句型提炼

A recent (latest ) survey (study / investigation / poll) (conducted / done / taken by…) shows (reveals / indicates / finds)

that sb. thinks…, while sb. else believes…

最新调查表明：某人认为······ ，而其他人则认为······

应用：最近对大学毕业生做的一次调查表明：为数不少的人认为高薪水非常重要，而大多数人则认为找一个有意义的

工作，做些有趣的事更重要。

A latest survey conducted among college graduates shows that quite a few people think a high salary is of great importance,

while most of them believe doing something worthwhile and enjoyable at work is more important.

Translation:

1. Note well : the exam of next week has been postponed. (请注意：下周的考试已延期).

．．．

2. I am just an average human being. (我只是个普通人。)

．．

3. Many homeless people are labeled as addicts. (许多无家可归的人被错误地定性为瘾君子).

．．．．．．

4. I didn't mean this accident to happen. (我也不希望会发生这个事件。)

．．．

5. If you didn't get satisfactory scores this time, don't despair keep on trying! (如果这次考试成绩不理想，不要失望，要继续

．．．．

努力).

6. His ideas have won widespread public approval.（他的想法赢得了广泛的群众支持。）

．．

7. The manufacturers press the government for action. (工厂反复地向政府要求行动。)

．．．．．．

8. Some newspapers today are entirely free from the government's control. (现在的一些报纸已经完全脱离政府的控制。)

．．

9. I want to convey to the teacher that I want to learn more about grammar. (我想向老师表达想多学语法的愿望。)

．．

ng on the exam, I felt a strong sense of guilt .(考试作弊的时候我感到一种强烈的罪恶感。)

．．．

读写BK2 Unit 06-B

Key Words

go to great lengths Accurate Emotional Internal Superficial virtually

1. Bella will go to great lengths to fulfill her ambition.

2. The brochure tries to give a fair and accurate description of each hotel.

3. Ann suffered from depression and a number of other emotional problems.

4. We have no interest in interfering in the internal affairs of other countries.

5. Even a superficial inspection revealed serious flaws.

6. He was virtually unknown before running for office.

Match Game

valid effective lawfully internal of the inside

accurate exact Superficial not deep or serious

conceal hide Virtually in fact

emotional of the strong feeling Imitate follow as an example

Words Using

1. Go to great lengths (L1)：不遗余力

用法点拨：go to some/ any/ all/ considerable lengths to do

Eg: Some go to considerable lengths to make their homes attractive.

Bella would go to any lengths to fulfill her ambition.贝拉会不择手段的完成自己的抱负。

我一定会尽力保密的。I will go to all lengths to keep the secret.

2. Validate： (L13) Ａ. Prove or confirm a claim is true.

B. Make (a reason, document) have value.

Examples: Many scientists plan to wait until the results of the study are validated by future research.

In order to validate your contract, both parties should sign right now.

Eg: 如何证实你的理论/批评呢？How to validate your theory/ criticism?

你能证明自己反对答案的观点吗？Can you validate your reasons against the answer?

Valid adj. Ａ. (reasons, views) well based

B. Lawfully effective

Your plane ticket will be valid for three months.

Sorry that your credit card is not valid. = invalid

Eg: 警官要阻止摩托车，必须拿出合理的理由来。Police officers must have a valid reason for stopping motorists.

她的辩解站不住脚。Her excuses are invalid/ not valid.

3. (L17) Turn out: to happen in a particular way; to develop or end in a particular way. (L17)

Turn sb. off: make sb. Leave; make sb. decide that they don’t like …

— It turned out that she was my sister’s friend.

— Unwanted visitors will be turned off my land.

turn down 拒绝；关小，调低 turn in 交还，上交

turn up 出现，到来；开大，调高 turn over仔细考虑

turn to 变成；求助于

>>>practice

1. He has not turned up yet, but everybody else is here.

2. The boy was turned down for the job because he didn't have any experience.

3. We thought he had been killed, but he turned out safe and sound.

4. If you have any problem, please turn to me any time.

5. Would you mind if I turn down/up the music?

6. The poor package turned the prospective buyers off .

4. Tune out (L17): ignore; stop listening or paying attention to

I learned to tune out the background noise.我学会自动忽略背景音乐。

Bored children tuned out easy. 小孩儿烦了很容易就不听了。

她生气时你最好是别理她。You have to just tune her out when he gets angry.

/feel up to sth./Doing (L22): be capable of (doing sth)

I don’t feel up to work/ working today.我不舒服，不能去上班了。

I think he is not up to this job. 我猜他不能胜任这个工作。

“up to” 其他用法

The Olympic Stadium will hold up to 80,000 spectators.（总计）

The children are too quiet. I bet they are up to something. （正在做）

It’s up to the travel agencies to warn visitors of danger. （在于，取决于）

Doing sth that should not be done.

6. rib (L36): informal to make jokes and laugh at someone so that you embarrass them, but in a friendly way 开玩笑

She was continuously ribbed about her accent.

rib sb. about sth. Synonym同义词: tease, ridicule

Ribbing n. 玩笑 She got a lot of ribbing for her accent.

7. Out of bound (L48): if sth. Is out of bound, people are not allowed to go in/ use/ see/ know…

Examples: Most of the bars are placed out of bounds to the army. 大部分酒吧设在士兵不得进入的地区。

Eg: Violent TV programs are out of bound to Children. 孩子们不准看暴力电影。

Adj: Be bound to : very likely

--Don't lie to her. She's bound to find out about it.

--When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes are bound to happen .

8. internalize (L49): accept as your own内化

Examples: Over time, she internalized her parents’ attitude towards her boyfriend.

Eg: Students should learn to internalize what they’ve picked up. 学生要学会内化学过的知识。

Present-day children easily internalize violent behavior through movies and TV programs.

9. prevail (L50): 不及，不用进行时，正式用语

Prevail among/ in =(continue to) exist or be widespread

Eg: This custom still prevails among the senior citizens.

Prevail against/ over = fight successfully/ win a fight

Eg: I hope he will prevail over his opponents.

练习：我佩服年轻作家拥有的创造性。I admired the creativity which prevailed among the young writers.

理性终将占上风。Common sense will prevail in the end.