高考英语阅读理解-词义推测题

高考阅读理解词义推测题专项

词义猜测题是利用语境（上下文）推测、判断某些生词词义的题。常见的考题形式有：

1. The word“….”refers to/probably means…..

2. The underlined word could be replaced by….

3. Which of the following words can take the place of “…..”?

4. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph5 refer to?

5. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?

实战演练

A（全国II）

Thousands of people living in the Chinese capital will celebrate the start of the

Chinese New year by heading for the ski resorts (滑雪场). Never mind that

Beijing's dry weather seldom produces snow. It is cold enough in winter for

snow-making machines to make a covering for the hills north to the capital. And the

rapid growth of a pleasure-seeking middle class has formed the basis for this new

craze(热潮）.

Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed

astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the

city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a

manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that

could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe, In recent years ski

resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of

the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in

Europe.

Beijing's skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private (私有的)

cars. This has led to the growth of a Leisure industry in the capital's suburbs (郊区),

which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people, According to Mr. Wei,

about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own cars. The rest are bused in by

schools, businesses or government Offices.

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The problem is making money. Starting ski resorts requires quite a lot of money;

hiring land from the local government, preparing the hills, buying snow machines,

making sure there are enough water and electricity to run them, and buying ski

equipment for hiring out to customers.

The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up. And. as so often

in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price

wars break out. Beijing now offers some of the cheapest ski training classes in the

world, though with most people rather new to the sport, expecting a few more doing

the same job.

1. What does this text mainly talk about?

A. Convenience for skiers brought about by private cars.

B. Skiing as a new way of enjoying one's spare time.

C. Things to be considered when starting a ski resort.

D. A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing.

2. Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe?

A. To visit more ski areas. B. To ski on natural snow.

C. For a large collection of ski suits. D. For better services and equipment.

3. The underlined words "leisure industry" in Paragraph 3 refer to__________.

A. transport to ski resorts

B. production of family cars

C. business of providing spare time enjoyments

D part-time work for people living in the suburbs

4. What is the main problem in running a ski resort?

A. Difficulty in hiring land. B. Lack of business experience.

C. Price wars with other ski resorts, D. Shortage of water and electricity

B(北京)

The Cost of Higher Education

Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.

A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates

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earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on

having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the

taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of

government. Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high

incomes in the future is not one of them.

Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith

worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and

looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off

the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were

the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the

students were similarly lazy.

If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also

demand more from their teachers. And there teachers have to keep them satisfied. If

that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research

interests, that is surely something to celebrate.

Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for

the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so

do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the

government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically

productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business

costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the

government to invest.

Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their

university education.

1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to __________.

A. taxpayers

B. pressing calls

D. government resources C. college graduates

2. The author thinks that with full government funding __________.

A. teachers are less satisfied

B. students are more demanding

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C. students will become more competent

D. teachers will spend less time on teaching

3. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to __________.

A. argue against free university education

B. call on them to finance students’ studies

C. encourage graduates to go into business

D. show their contribution to higher education

C（天津）

Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides. Following the

rules…planning your acting as a team member…these are all “game”

ideas that you will come across throughout your life.

Think about some off the games you played as a young child, such as

rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps

more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of

the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking

turns and cooperating (合作) .

Many children’s games have a practical side Children around the world play

games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some

Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. Which sharpens the hand-eye

coordination（协调）needed in hunting.

Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all,

the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in

friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold

medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries

experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.

Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in

the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living.

Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope

through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer

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balls but also a promising future.

Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it,

what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your

life.

1. Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.

A. be a team leader

C. act as a grown-up

B. obey the basic rules

D. predict possible danger

2. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games

can________.

A. describe life in an exciting way

B. turn real-life experiences into a play

C. make learning life skills more interesting

D. change people’s views of sporting event s

3. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?

A. It inspires people’s deep love for the country.

B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.

C. It helps the country out of natural disasters.

D. It earns the winners fame and fortune.

4. Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______.

A. bring fun to poor kids

B. provide soccer balls for children

C. give poor kids a chance for a better life

D. appeal to soccer players to help poor kids

5．What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Games benefit people all their lives.

B. Sports can get all athletes together.

C. People are advised to play games for fun.

D. Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.

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D(重庆)

One morning more than thirty years ago. I entered the Track Kitchen, a

restaurant where everyone from the humblest (卑微的) to the most powerful came for

breakfast. I noticed and empty chair next to an elderly. Unshaven man, who looked

somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone; I asked if I

might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.

We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things. We

never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might are no money and not be

able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a

second cup of coffee, I asked.

“May I get you something?”

“A coffee would he nice.”

Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup

of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the

door I met one of my friends. He asked.

“How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”

“Who?”

“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill

Downs. ”

I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity

for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men ! ”

My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone

with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with

kindness and sincerely.

1. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?

A. Unfriendly B. untidy C. Gentle D. kind

2. The author bought coffee for the old man because ______.

A. he thought the old man was poor

C. he intended to how his politeness

B. he wanted to start a conversation

D. he would like to thank the old man

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3. How did the author probablyy feel after he talked with his friend?

A. Proud B. Pitiful C. Surprise D. Regretful

4. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?

A. We should learn to be generous

B. It is honorable to help those in need.

C. People in high position are not like what we expect

D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.

E(课标全国卷)

There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the

train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway,

wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often

whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the

trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was

moved.

I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was

on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a

dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one

familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.

It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia.

Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the

crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the

straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came

into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back.

From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the

waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The

mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything

as if I was looking at it for the first time.

The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I

looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at

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Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When

my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug

(拥抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten

face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.

I looked forward to the return journey.

1. The author expected the train trip to be________ .

A. adventurous B. pleasant C. exciting D. dull

2. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?

A. The friendly country people. B. The mountains along the way.

C. The crowds of people in the streets. D. The simple lunch served on the train.

3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word "relish" in

the second paragraph?

A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on

4. Where was the writer going?

A. Johore Baru B. The Causeway.

5. What can we learn from the story?

A. Comfort in traveling by train.

C. Reading gives people delight.

B. Pleasure of living in the country.

D. Smiles brighten people up.

C. Butterworth D. Singapore

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